[Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of trichlorfon in biological fluids collected in a fatal Dipterex poisoning].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kojima
Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.
[Changes in serum HBV-DNA in various types of HBV infection and their clinical significance].
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Adolescent↗
[Partial splenic embolization as treatment for portal hypertension].
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Adult↗
Deficiency of membrane-bound dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in a certain rat strain.
The activity of membrane-bound dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) was found to be markedly reduced in the Fischer 344 rat strain compared with that in the Wistar strain. Analysis of membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion revealed the specific absence of this enzyme molecule in the Fischer 344 strain.
Animals↗
Interaction of lymphocytes with hepatocytes containing hepatitis B antigen: ultrastructural demonstration of target antigen and T-cell subsets by the peroxidase antibody technique.
Hepatitis B virus associated antigens and subsets of lymphocytes in liver tissue were studied using immune electron microscopy to clarify the immune mechanism of hepatocyte lysis in type B chronic hepatitis. Using conventional electron microscopy, infiltrating lymphocytes were observed in direct contact with hepatocytes in areas of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis; they showed various types of surface adherence with a contact gap of approximately 20 nm in width. The majority of the hepatocytes that were in contact with lymphocytes could be shown to contain HBsAg and/or HBcAg by immune electron microscopy: HBsAg was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, in tubular structures, and on the outer coat of Dane particles; HBcAg was observed in the nuclei and in the cytoplasmic matrix of hepatocytes. In some cases HBsAg was observed on the plasma membrane of hepatocyte in contact with lymphocytes. Immune electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies to subsets of human T-lymphocytes revealed that the lymphocytes in areas of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis were predominantly CD 5 or CD 8 positive. In contrast, CD 4 positive cells were infrequently observed in necro-inflammatory regions and Leu 7 positive cells were randomly scattered in the sinusoids away from areas of hepatocyte necrosis. These data suggest that HBsAg is at least one of the target antigens expressed on the hepatocyte membrane possibly enabling cytolytic interaction by cytotoxic T cells in chronic type B hepatitis.
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
Serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with fulminant hepatitis: usefulness of rT3 and the rT3/T3 ratio as prognostic indices.
To evaluate thyroid function in 19 patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH), we have measured total and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) in patients with FH, compared with those of 80 patients with other various liver diseases and of 10 healthy controls. Patients with FH showed the lowest values of serum T3 and the highest levels of rT3 among all patients with liver diseases studied. Furthermore, patients with FH showed a significant increase of rT3 in comparison with subacute hepatitis (SAH), "acute-on-chronic" (AOC) type of hepatic failure, ordinary and severe forms of acute hepatitis (AHo and AHs) and decompensated liver cirrhosis (LC-D). In addition, serum T3 and rT3 and the rT3/T3 ratio significantly correlated with prothrombin time (PT) and plasma methionine level. We also found that serum T3 and rT3 concentrations and the rT3/T3 ratio showed early and rapid normalization in cases of FH that survived, but they did not improve in patients with fatal outcome. These results suggest that serum T3, particularly rT3 concentrations and the rT3/T3 ratio may be useful indicators for assessing the severity and prognosis of patients with FH and can be considered to the sensitive indices for functioning hepatic microsomal reserve as well.
Adult↗
Ultrastructural localization of type IV collagen, laminin and prolyl hydroxylase in biliary epithelial cells of rat liver following ligation of the common bile duct.
Type IV collagen and laminin are major components of basement membrane (BM), whereas prolyl hydroxylase (PH) is a key enzyme in the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis. In order to elucidate the exact mechanism of the formation of BM, immune electron microscopic observation of type IV collagen, laminin and PH was made in rat liver with marked proliferation of bile ducts following ligation of the common bile duct. Extracellular localization of type IV collagen was found in the BM of bile ducts and blood vessels and in the space of Disse in both normal rat liver and the liver of rats undergoing operation. Type IV collagen was localized in lamina rara and lamina densa. Laminin was codistributed with type IV collagen in BM but rarely in the space of Disse even in the liver of rats undergoing operation. Immunostaining of laminin was diffusely spread in lamina densa, but sparsely in lamina rara. Though no reaction products of type IV collagen and laminin were detected in the cytoplasm of normal biliary epithelial cells, they were found in rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and the vesicles close to the basal surfaces of the plasma membrane of the proliferating biliary epithelial cells. No evident localization of these components in Golgi apparatus was found. PH was found in rER of the biliary epithelial cells, hepatocytes, endothelial cells of vessels, fibroblasts and perisinusoidal cells except for Kupffer cells in normal rat liver. More intense and diffuse staining of PH was observed in rER in the proliferating biliary epithelial cells of the liver of rats undergoing operation in concomitance with the evident localization of type IV collagen in this organelle. These findings suggest that the major components of BM, such as type IV collagen and laminin in the proliferating biliary epithelial cells, are produced in rER and secreted by vesicles to the basal extracellular spaces, thus forming new BM in these circumstances.
Animals↗
Effect of rapid addition and dilution of dimethyl sulfoxide and 37 degrees C equilibration on viability of rabbit morulae thawed rapidly.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of various conditions of addition and dilution of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) and 37 degrees C equilibration, and also the effects of freezing in the solution which was prepared in advance and stored in plastic straws at -20 degrees C on the viability of rabbit morulae thawed rapidly. The embryos were cooled from room temperature to -30 degrees C at 1 degree C/min in the presence of 1.5 M Me2SO using a programmable liquid nitrogen vapor freezing machine with an automatic seeding device, then cooled rapidly, and stored in liquid nitrogen. The frozen straws were thawed rapidly (greater than 1000 degrees C/min). When Me2SO was added in a single step, equilibrated with embryos at 37 degrees C for 15 min and diluted out in a single step, a very high survival was obtained: transferable/recovered, 90%: developed/recovered, 96%. When embryos were pipetted into 1.5 M Me2SO that was prepared in advance, stocked in straws at -20 degrees C, and cooled, the proportions of transferable and developed embryos were equivalent to those of embryos frozen in the solution that was prepared immediately before use.
Animals↗
Toxicological study on intravenous thiopental anesthesia--interrelation between rate of injection and distribution of thiopental.
A simple, rapid and accurate method to extract and clean thiopental in biological materials rich in fat was developed by using a separation column packed with Extrelut and Florisil. A Quantitative determination of thiopental by means of a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric sulfur detector was attempted. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-200 micrograms/ml. Extraction of replicate tissues involving 3 micrograms of thiopental resulted in a recovery of the 99.7-101.8% range and a coefficient of deviation of the 0.3-1.9% range. Replicate extraction of five tissues from rats treated with thiopental resulted in a coefficient of deviation of below 6%. In rats given 40 mg/kg of thiopental and sacrificed after 5 min, the thiopental levels in fat were found to be higher after a slow intravenous injection than after a quick injection. The same tendency, however, was not observed in other tissues. It seems that the rate of intravenous thiopental injections might be estimated by comparison with thiopental levels in fat tissues.
Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
Periungual fibroma.
Two cases of periungual fibroma of the hand are described. Lesions caused by periungual fibroma place pressure on the nail matrix, which results in marked nail deformities. In both cases, the nail deformities were improved by excision of the fibroma.
Adult↗
Pseudomalignant myositis ossificans occurring in the hand.
This is a case report of a patient with pseudomalignant myositis ossificans of the hand. This entity is usually related to trauma, but there was no history of injury in this patient. Radiographic follow-up, histologic zone phenomena and computerized tomography are helpful in obtaining the correct diagnosis.
Adult↗
Time dependent conversion of creatine kinase MM isoforms in man.
Subforms of creatine kinase MM isoenzyme (isoforms, pI: MMA = 7.95, MMB = 7.76, MMC = 7.54) in human myocardium and serum were quantified by chromatofocusing. Creatine kinase MMA was a dominant isoform (greater than 94% of MM) in normal (n = 3) and in both infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium (n = 2). To investigate isoform conversion in vitro partially purified MMA was incubated with human plasma at 37 degrees C for 24 h (n = 5). Creatine kinase MMB (0%, 47%, 44% of MM at 0, 12, 24 h respectively) and MMC (0%, 22%, 42%) sequentially appeared in incubation media whereas MMA (100%, 31%, 14%) disappeared rapidly with a mean disappearance rate of -0.00169(0.00021)(SD) min-1. Individual differences in conversion velocity were small (SD less than 5%). To investigate isoform conversion in vivo serum isoforms were analysed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 7). MMA was first dominant (A:B:C = 54:34:12%) in the early stage (6-9 h after the onset of chest pain) followed by MMB dominant (19:42:39%) in the middle stage (24-35 h), and MMC dominant (6:22:72%) in the late stage (54-60 h). Changes in isoform proportion were time dependent regardless of serum creatine kinase activity. These findings are consistent with canine isoform conversion reported previously except that in man the velocity of conversion was slower than in the dog. Thus analysis of serum creatine kinase MM isoforms may allow the onset of acute myocardial infarction to be precisely dated. Moreover, determination of MMA, the isoform native to myocardium with a short serum half life, may be useful in the prompt diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Creatine Kinase↗
Primary structures of two types of alpha-subunit of rat brain Na+,K+,-ATPase deduced from cDNA sequences.
A rat brain cDNA library was screened by using as a probe a fragment of cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of human Na+,K+-ATPase. Two different cDNA clones were obtained and analyzed. One of them was concluded to be a cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of the weakly ouabain-sensitive rat kidney-type Na+,K+-ATPase. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 1,018 amino acids. The alpha-subunit of the rat kidney-type Na+,K+-ATPase shows 97% homology in amino acid sequence with the alpha-subunit of human, sheep, or pig enzyme and 87% with that of Torpedo. Based on a comparison of the amino acid sequence at the extracellular domain of the alpha-subunit between weakly ouabain-sensitive rat kidney-type enzyme and the ouabain-sensitive human, sheep, pig, or Torpedo enzyme, it was proposed that only two significant amino acid replacements are unique to the rat kidney-type alpha-subunit. Another cDNA clone obtained showed 72% homology in nucleotide sequence with the former cDNA coding the alpha-subunit of the rat kidney-type Na+,K+-ATPase and the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 85% homology with that of the alpha-subunit of rat kidney-type Na+,K+-ATPase.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Immune electron microscopic demonstration of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in liver cell plasma membranes.
Immune light and electron microscopic examinations were carried out to investigate the localization of HBcAg in biopsies from patients with persistent HBs antigenemia. In biopsies with severe intralobular inflammation HBcAg was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in contrast to nuclear localization in specimens with less severe histological changes. Immune electron microscopic examination demonstrated two different appearances of HBcAg, according to whether it was or was not associated with core particles. In biopsies with more severe parenchymal damage, an increased amount of non-particulate HBcAg was observed in the cytoplasmic matrix; four such biopsies with intracytoplasmic HBcAg also revealed HBcAg on the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes. These findings support the concept that HBcAg may function as a viral target antigen for the immune response in type B hepatitis.
Cell Membrane↗
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and spontaneous diuresis in sick neonates.
Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive human atrial natriuretic peptide (human ANP) were sequentially determined in 12 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) during various phases of diuresis to elucidate the role of human ANP in the occurrence of spontaneous diuresis in the newborn. Plasma immunoreactive ANP concentrations during the diuretic as well as the maximum diuretic phase were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than during the prediuretic phase. A gradual decrease occurred during the post diuretic phase, returning to prediuretic values after one week of life. Significant natriuresis, increased glomerular filtration rate, mild hyponatremia, and decreased blood pressure were observed in the diuretic phase in all the cases studied. These results suggest that hypersecretion of human ANP may play an important part in initiating spontaneous diuresis in sick neonates.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
Reliability of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase as an indicator of renal tubular damage in neonates.
Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was determined in infants during the first year of life to clarify its evolutional change and the reliability of this enzyme as a marker of renal tubular damage in the newborn period. During the first 2 weeks of life, there was no difference in the urinary levels between preterm (gestational age of 33-36 weeks) and full-term infants. The urinary NAG index (NAG is expressed as the ratio of the enzyme activity to milligrams of creatinine) during the first month of life was significantly elevated when compared with that of any other succeeding period and gradually decreased during the first year of life. The index in newborn infants on tobramycin was significantly elevated and maintained a higher value during the 5 days after withdrawal of the medication. Infants with asphyxia had a higher urinary NAG index during the first week of life. These data suggest that the urinary NAG index is a useful indicator of renal tubular damage during the newborn period.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Cockayne syndrome with delayed recovery of RNA synthesis after ultraviolet irradiation but normal ultraviolet survival.
We report a girl with Cockayne syndrome (CS) with atypical cellular features. We studied the ultraviolet (UV)-sensitivity of cultured fibroblast cells derived from this case and male CS siblings as positive controls. Cells from this female with CS displayed normal unscheduled DNA synthesis and repair replication capacity. However, the cells also displayed a less depressed level of RNA synthesis after UV irradiation, compared to control CS cells, and showed normal UV survival. This CS case with early onset of abnormalities had more serious clinical manifestations than the control CS siblings. These cytological results suggest that there is considerable clinical and cellular heterogeneity in CS and that cellular sensitivity to UV might not be as essential for the diagnosis of CS as previously thought.
Adolescent↗
Successful removal of air gun bullets from the third ventricle.
A patient with air gun bullets in the 3rd ventricle associated with delayed ventricular hemorrhage is presented. Through an anterior transcallosal approach, the surgeon successfully removed the bullets without any significant permanent sequelae.
Cerebral Hemorrhage↗