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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Factors causing hyperkalemia in premature infants.

In order to clarify the causative factors of hyperkalemia in premature infants, 48 newborn infants less than 2000 gm birthweight were examined during the first 48 hours of life. They were divided into two groups: group A (n = 19), which had more than 7 mEq/liter of serum potassium level, was defined as a hyperkalemic group; group B (n = 29) had less than 6.9 mEq/liter of serum potassium level throughout this study period. In group A hyperkalemia occurred on the first day of life and continued throughout the study period. Five of group A infants had arrhythmia, one of whom died from cardiac arrest on the second day of life. Laboratory findings (serum creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, electrolytes, blood gas analysis, calorie balance, and renal function) were compared between the two groups. On the first day of life, serum creatinine and creatine phosphokinase concentrations were significantly elevated and calorie intake was decreased in group A when compared with group B. On the second day of life, calorie intake, urine volume, creatinine clearance, and base excess were significantly decreased in group A. A significant decrease was observed in the serum calcium level in group A on the second day of life when compared with admission data. These data suggest that neonatal hyperkalemia may occur in the sick newborn infants with renal dysfunction when combined with metabolic acidosis and catabolic state.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations and cardio-thoracic ratio during the early neonatal period.

Twenty-seven neonates were examined at 2.6 +/- 1.5 hours of age (stage 1) and 21 +/- 4.9 hours of age (stage 2) to clarify the relationship between cardio-thoracic ratio (CTR) on chest roentgenograms and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration. Among 22 infants who showed elevated plasma ANP, 14 had gained body weight (group A), while 8 other infants had lost weight (group B) at stage 2. The remaining 5 infants had decreased plasma ANP concentrations combined with weight loss at stage 2 (group C). All infants of group B had a patent ductus arteriosus. The plasma ANP concentration and CTR of groups A and B increased during the study period, while those of group C decreased. A linear relation was found between plasma ANP concentration and CTR in all cases (p less than 0.02). This study indicates that increased plasma levels of ANP are associated with an increased CTR.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1989

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the diuresis of a newborn infant with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

A fullterm infant had fetal distress and stained amnion. He underwent an exchange blood transfusion at 12 hours after birth because of hyperbilirubinemia. He developed oliguria combined with high urine osmolality during the first 27 hours of life despite normal creatinine clearance. The diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was made on the basis of high urine osmolality, low plasma osmolality and elevated plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration. We determined the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration for the first 4 days of life. After 27 hours after birth, urine volume increased while plasma AVP concentration remained high. On the other hand, plasma ANP concentration gradually increased after 27 hours of life. We speculate that ANP may play an important role in producing the spontaneous diuresis in the newborn infant with SIADH.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1989

Combination effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha with antimicrobial agents.

Combination effects of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha with ceftazidime, moxalactam, gentamicin, enoxacin, amphotericin B, miconazole, or an immunoglobulin preparation were evaluated in systemic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans in normal mice and systemic infection with P. aeruginosa in mice with leukopenia induced by preadministration of cyclophosphamide. Synergistic effects were generally observed at interleukin-1 alpha doses as low as 1 to 30 ng per mouse with most combinations. The results show the possibility that recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha could be of help for treating obstinate infections not successfully treated with antimicrobial agents alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of AT-4140 against clinical bacterial isolates.

The activity of AT-4140, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with those of existing analogs. AT-4140 had a broad spectrum and a potent activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including Legionella spp. and Bacteroides fragilis. The activity of AT-4140 against gram-positive and -negative cocci, including Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, was higher than those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. Its activity against gram-negative rods was generally comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Some isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC of methicillin, greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) were resistant to existing quinolones, but many of them were still susceptible to AT-4140 at concentrations below 0.39 micrograms/ml. The MICs of AT-4140, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin for 90% of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 0.2, 12.5, 6.25, and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. AT-4140 was bactericidal for each of 20 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations near the MICs. AT-4140 inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase from E. coli.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1989

gyrA and gyrB mutations in quinolone-resistant strains of Escherichia coli.

The proportion of gyrA and gyrB mutations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains was examined by introducing cloned wild-type gyrA and gyrB genes. In 25 spontaneous mutants of strain KL16, 13 had gyrA and 12 had gyrB mutations. In eight clinical isolates, five had gyrA mutations and one had a gyrB mutation; mutations in two isolates remained unidentified.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1989

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of AT-4140, a new broad-spectrum quinolone.

AT-4140, 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(cis-3,5- dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, showed broad and potent antibacterial activity. Its MICs for 90% of the strains tested were 0.1 to 0.78 micrograms/ml against gram-positive organisms, such as members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, and 0.0125 to 1.56 micrograms/ml against gram-negative organisms, such as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the genera Pseudomonas, Branhamella, Campylobacter, Haemophilus, and Neisseria. Its MICs were 0.025 to 0.78 micrograms/ml against glucose nonfermenters, such as members of the genera Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Moraxella, Flavobacterium, and Brucella; 0.2 to 0.78 micrograms/ml against anaerobes, such as Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis; 0.0125 to 0.05 micrograms/ml against Legionella spp.; 0.0125 to 0.2 micrograms/ml against Mycoplasma spp.; 0.031 to 0.063 micrograms/ml against Chlamydia spp.; and 0.1 to 0.3 micrograms/ml against Mycobacterium spp. The potencies of AT-4140 against gram-negative organisms were comparable to those of ciprofloxacin and higher than those of ofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin. The potencies of AT-4140 against gram-positive organisms, glucose nonfermenters, anaerobes, Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., and Mycobacterium spp. were generally higher than those of the quinolones with which AT-4140 was compared. AT-4140 showed good oral efficacy against systemic infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Its efficacy was better when a daily dose was given once than when it was given in two doses. Good efficacies of the orally administered drug were also observed in pulmonary, dermal, and urinary tract infection models in mice. The in vivo efficacies of AT-4140 were equal to or better than those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Maturational changes and origin of urinary human epidermal growth factor in the neonatal period.

In order to clarify the characteristics of urinary human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) excretion in the newborn period, we examined hEGF in the 41 newborn infants; 12 healthy preterm infants (group A), 10 healthy full-term infants (group B), 12 full-term infants with neonatal asphyxia (group C), 7 full-term infants treated with tobramycin (group D) during the first week of life. Renal function tests, i.e. creatinine clearance (Ccr), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as a parameter of renal tubular damage, were examined in 29 full-term infants. Urinary hEGF excretion showed a linear increase with gestational age. During the first week of life, urinary hEGF excretion in group B increased with age. However, urinary hEGF excretion in group A remained at the constant level through the study period. Ccr in group C was significantly decreased through the study period when compared with that in group B. NAG indices in group C during the first week of life and those in group D on days 5-7 of life were more elevated than those in group B. Urinary hEGF excretion in group C on days 4-7 of life and that in group D on day 7 of life were significantly decreased when compared with that in group B. These results suggest that urinary hEGF excretion is related to the maturation and that the source of urinary hEGF may be renal tubular cells.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Effects of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide on water and electrolyte homeostasis of sick neonates.

To clarify fluid homeostasis in neonates, 27 sick neonates (6 had respiratory distress syndrome, 12 had hyperbilirubinemia, and nine were low birth wt infants) were studied on 13 to 15 days of age. The infants were stabilized and required neither ventilation nor intravenous fluids at the time of study. All infants were breast fed, and their sodium intake ranged from 1.7 to 2.9 (2.2 +/- 0.3) mEq/kg/d. Gestational age ranged from 30 to 39 (34 +/- 3.4) wk and birth wt ranged from 1080 to 3280 (2,070 +/- 672) g. Creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), fluid and electrolyte balance, plasma aldosterone and human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were determined and analyzed according to conceptional age (CA) to clarify their maturational changes. None of the infants had a negative sodium balance or hyponatremia. Ccr remained almost constant until the 36th wk of CA, after which an abrupt increase occurred. FENa and plasma aldosterone level of infants less than the 32nd wk of CA were high (0.75 +/- 0.33%, 2868 +/- 1153 pg/ml, respectively) when compared with those in infants of the 33 to 34th wk of CA (0.47 +/- 0.12%, 1,663 +/- 488 pg/ml, respectively). There was a negative correlation between FENa and plasma aldosterone level in all cases (p less than 0.01). Plasma ANP level of all infants were higher than those of healthy adults (40 +/- 20 pg/ml). A good correlation was observed between Ccr and plasma ANP level in infants less than 36th wk of CA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1989

Anterior cervical vertebrectomy and interbody fusion for multi-level spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Multi-level cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are well-documented causes of myelopathy. The choice of surgical procedures remain controversial. Between January 1983 and December 1987, we have performed anterior cervical vertebrectomy in 45 patients with cervical myelopathy caused by multi-level spondylosis and OPLL. They consisted of 19 patients with cervical spondylosis, 12 with OPLL, and 14 with combined lesions of both cervical spondylosis and OPLL. There were 32 men and 13 women. The mean age was 55 years, ranging from 35 to 70 years. In all of our 45 patients, anterior vertebrectomy, discectomy, removal of posterior osteophytes and OPLL, and interbody fusion were done for progressive myelopathy refractory to conservative treatment. In 2 of 45 patients, 5 vertebral bodies were resected; in 3 patients, 4 vertebral bodies were resected; in 12 patients, 3 vertebral bodies were resected, in 19 patients, 2 vertebral bodies were resected; and in 9 patients, 1 vertebral body was resected. Thirty-nine of 45 patients (87%) had good results. Neurological signs did not improve in 5 patients (11%). One patient died because of agranulocytosis secondary to treatment with antibiotics. In conclusion, cervical cord compression caused by lesions located principally in the anterior aspect of the spinal canal may be completely relieved via anterior vertebrectomy, discectomy, removal of the calcified ligament, and fusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spinal dural arteriovenous malformation: report of an unusual case.

We present an unusual case of a spinal dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which produced compression radiculopathy of the left S1 nerve root. The nerve root was compressed by epidural vessels, draining vessels, and the nidus, without the characteristic myelographic findings of a dural AVM. No feeding vessels could be identified. It is important to consider the possibility of a spinal dural AVM in middle-aged patients who suffer lumbosacral radiculopathy, even if myelography does not demonstrate the characteristic findings.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

[Reconsideration of anterior reference point in prosthodontics. Orbital point, Inner Canthus of the eye and alae of the nose].

With the aim of designing more aesthetic prosthetic replacements, a series of experiments was conducted to obtain the points of reference for determining the postures (sitting and standing postures) and horizontal reference plane when patients assume the natural head position. The results thus obtained are as follows: 1. Measuring points in the sitting and standing postures were located about 15.0mm below the orbital point respectively. 2. The natural head position tended to shift upward significantly more frequently in the standing posture than in the sitting posture. 3. The natural head position in the standing posture varied less and was more restorable than in the sitting posture. 4. Between the three reference points in both postures, there was no significant difference in the degree of variation, but measurements based on the inner canthus of the eye showed the least variance. 5. In the standing posture, the measurements based on the inner canthus of the eye showed a little, but significant, variance from the measurements based on the three reference points in the sitting posture. From the above, it can be said that the point 25.6mm below the inner canthus of the eye, which was the average of the measurements taken in the standing posture, may be appropriate for use the anterior point of reference for transferring the natural head position onto the articulator.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of bilateral vertebral arteries: case report].

A 58-year-old female suffered frequent attacks of unconsciousness due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency. She had a slight left hemiparesis, dysarthria, gait disturbance, and decreased vibration sense. Angiography revealed remarkable stenoses of the bilateral vertebral artery origin with inadequate collateral flow from the anterior circulation. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed on the more severely narrowed left vertebral artery through transfemoral approach. This was followed by PTA on the right one through transbrachial approach after an interval of 3 weeks. The procedure cleared off the signs and symptoms; neuroradiological studies including angiography and Xe-CT scan confirmed the improvement. PTA has been performed on stenotic lesions at the origin of the vertebral artery and the common carotid artery with more safety than on stenotic lesions of the other cerebral arteries, because of the smooth luminal non-ulcerated lesions of the former. In spite of the possibility of restenosis after PTA, in selected cases, PTA leads to good results, less complications and shorter stay in hospital. These factors are of major benefit to the patients. In the future, PTA may be an alternative method for treating arterial stenotic lesions in the field of neurosurgery.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of gingival hyperplasia in epilepsy patient].

Diphenylhydantoin, which was first introduced in clinic by Meritt and Putnam in 1938, has been in wide use for the treatment of epilepsy because of its excellent antispasmodic action. On the other hand, Diphenylhydantoin induced gingival hyperplasia has been examined by many authors in the dental field since gingival hyperplasia was reported by Kimball as its side effect. Recently, we had an opportunity for performing gingivectomy on hypertrophic gingivitis in an epileptic with mental retardation and visual disturbance, on Phenytoin (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin) medication. Some information obtained is reported, together with its therapeutic course.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Two types of relaxation responses mediated by cyclic GMP in cerebral arteries].

It has been reported that endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) possesses chemical and pharmacological properties that are indistinguishable from those of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, NO is the active chemical species responsible for endothelium-independent vasodilation produced by nitrogen oxide-containing substances including glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Both EDRF and GTN activate soluble guanylate cyclase and consequently increase cyclic GMP level in various artery preparations. However, there have been few reports regarding cyclic GMP accumulation induced by EDRF or GTN in canine cerebral arteries. Therefore, it was investigated whether EDRF and GTN cause vasodilation through the common pathway mediated by cyclic GMP in the canine basilar artery. The relaxation responses induced by EDRF or GTN were studied in the canine basilar artery by an isometric tension-recording method. EDRF was induced by calcium ionophore A 23187. A 23187 did not relax the vascular tissue in the absence of the endothelial cells. On the other hand, GTN did induce relaxation in either the presence or absence of endothelial cells. FeSO4 at 3 X 10(-5) M reversed A23187-induced relaxation, but not GTN-induced relaxation (N = 10). Since Fe2+ is able to catalyse the formation of O2- in oxygenated phosphate buffer, these findings suggest that Fe2+ antagonizes EDRF by inactivating it via the generation of O2-. By the addition of 10(-5) M methylene blue, both A 23187- and GTN-induced relaxations were reversed (N = 8). Moreover, pretreatment with 10(-5) M methylene blue augmented contractile responses to 3 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha (N = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Extragenic factor IX gene RFLP is useful for detecting carriers of Japanese hemophilia B.

Seventy-eight X chromosomes from 25 normal Japanese subjects and 22 family members with hemophilia B (coagulation factor IX deficiency) were examined with an extragenic factor IX DNA probe, pX58dIIIc at DXS99 locus. In contrast to the previously described nonpolymorphic RFLPs in the factor IX gene, DXS99 locus RFLP produced by SacI digestion was detected among those Japanese subjects with allelic frequencies of 0.48 and 0.52. The estimated heterozygosity rate of this extragenic RFLP among Japanese females was about 50%. The study of hemophilia B family members showed that DXS99 locus RFLP was informative in 9 out of 13 families tested (69.2%). No recombination events between the factor IX gene locus (F9) and DXS99 locus have been noted among nine families analyzed. DXS99 SacI RFLP is a useful gene indicator of carrier-ship of hemophilia B.

Factor IX↗
PubMed1989

[Establishment of a human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-1CB) in vitro and its characteristics].

A human skin tumor cell line SCC-1CB has been established in vitro. A specimen from a surgically excised tumor with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of skin from a Japanese male, aged 62, was transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. After growth, a part of the tumor was passaged with a transplantation needle. At the fourth passage, part of the tumor was explanted into culture dishes. Cell cultures were maintained in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. A SCC cell line (SCC-1CB) was cloned and then established. Chromosome analysis revealed the human type with a mode number of 56. The cell line is tumorigenic in nude mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that keratin, cytokeratin and vimentin were positive and desmin was negative. It can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. It has successfully maintained proliferation in continuous cell culture for over 2.5 years. The cells retain their original morphological appearance as determined by light and electron microscopy.

Animals↗