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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Efficacy of the treatment of gastric cancer as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of 48 hour continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with leucovorin (LV)].

A 51-year-old female with inoperable gastric cancer and with infiltration of pancreatic tail diagnosed by abdominal CT was treated with leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The regimen was: LV 30 mg/body/24 hr prior to 5-FU 1,000 mg/m2/day for 48 hrs. This treatment was repeated 6 times. After treatment, the size of tumor decreased so that the patient was able to be operated (Total gastrectomy with partial distal pancreatico-splenectomy). During the treatment, patient showed no side effect except for slight nausea. This neo-adjuvant chemotherapy might be a recommendable treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[DNA typing of the three HLA-class II loci from saliva stains].

The DNA typing of the HLA-class II loci, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB, from saliva stains is described. In addition to the experimentally prepared saliva stains, a stain on a towel in a burglar case was subjected to the analysis. Using 10 ng of the extracted DNA, we could type all the three loci with all of the specimens tested. The incidence of the saliva stain in the practical case was estimated to be 3.18 x 10(-5) in Japanese population. We found that the aging of saliva stains at least six months did not significantly influence the DNA typing.

DNA↗
PubMed1993

[Efficacy of 48-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil for gall bladder cancer].

Usefulness of an adjuvant chemotherapy for 23 patients who had undergone "non-curative" resection for adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder was investigated. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (16 patients) was given MF (mitomycin C 6 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 250 mg/body) by injection on the 2nd and 9th postoperative day and received orally Tegafur 600 mg/day and PSK 3 g/day. Group B(7 patients) was treated weekly with a 48-hour infusion of 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/24 hours), for 6 weeks and leucovorin (30 mg/body) was given for 2 hours prior to 5-FU infusion. The results were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Response rate of anti-tumor was 0% in Group A and 14.3% in Group B, including: PR, 1 and NC, 6 cases. The 50% survival time was 230 days in group A and 471 days in group B (p = 0.0008). The results suggest that treatment with 5-FU and LV is effective for gallbladder cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Bactericidal effects of povidone-iodine solution to oral pathogenic bacteria in vitro.

Seven species of periodontal pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroides, gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Eikenella corrodens) and two control species (Streptococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were selected in order to study the bactericidal effects of 10% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) aqueous solution in vitro. The PVP-I solution was diluted to 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400 and 12800 x and contact times were 15, 30 and 60 seconds. The strongest bactericidal effects on the seven periodontal pathogenic bacteria and two control bacteria were seen at a dilution of 400 x and a contact time of 15 seconds. Based on these findings, we advocate a 0.25% solution of 10% aqueous PVP-I for oral mucosa and periodontal pocket irrigation.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1993

Amplification of HLA-DQA1 gene from bloodstains by polymerase chain reaction.

The DNA typing of HLA-DQA1 from bloodstains is described. Although amplification of DNA from bloodstains was sometimes difficult, the addition of BSA to the PCR medium induced good amplification. When a very limited amount (2 mm2, equivalent to 0.5 microliter blood) of bloodstain was analysed, the amplification was difficult. However, the addition of salmon sperm DNA to the DNA isolation medium, in the amount of 1 microgram per tube, yielded sufficient PCR products even when such a small amount of extract was analysed. DNA from bloodstains aged up to one year could be sufficiently amplified, if salmon sperm DNA was added to the DNA isolation medium, and BSA to the PCR medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An anomalous lumbrical muscle with an independent muscle belly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

A rare case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by an anomalous lumbrical muscle of the left hand in a 61-year-old female is reported. The anomalous lumbrical muscle, by which the median nerve of the patient was compressed, originated from the forearm and inserted to the region of the index finger. However, there was also a normal lumbrical muscle originating from the flexor digitorum profundus.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

EEG coherence in unmedicated schizophrenic patients: topographical study of predominantly never medicated cases.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) power and coherence were compared in 11 unmedicated schizophrenics (including 9 never mediated patients) and in 15 normal controls. There was no significant difference in power between the two groups. However, interhemispheric coherence between O1-O2 was higher in the schizophrenics in the delta and beta bands, and interhemispheric coherence between T5-T6 was higher in the delta band. These results suggest that coherence is more sensitive than power for comparison of these two groups, and that cerebral function is less lateralized in schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Topographical changes in alpha power in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenics during digits span reverse matching test.

The topographical distribution of alpha power reduction was compared in nine unmedicated schizophrenics (predominantly never-treated), 17 medicated schizophrenics, and 15 normal controls. The task involved four procedures: (1) listening to signal sound, (2) listening to digits for memorization, (3) after listening, and (4) listening to digits for recognition. The electroencephalograms (EEGs) during each procedure were analyzed with Fast Fourier Transformation and compared with EEGs at rest. While listening to the digits, medicated schizophrenics showed less alpha power reduction than normal controls and unmedicated schizophrenics. In addition, there were correlations found between the degree of alpha power reduction and medication dose, and score of chronic symptoms. These suggest that patients with different clinical backgrounds have differing cerebral activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improvement in the heterogeneous N-termini and the defective N-glycosylation of human interleukin-6 by genetic engineering.

Recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6), expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, has heterogeneous N-termini of Ala1 and Val3, as does naturally occurring IL-6. This heterogeneity is thought to be caused by difficulty in cleavage of the signal sequence. To obtain homogeneous IL-6, Pro at -1 was exchanged for Ala by site-directed mutagenesis. Alternatively, the signal sequence was replaced with that of human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. In both cases, the IL-6 designed to start with Ala1 was still heterogeneous, while the IL-6 designed to start with Val3 showed a homogeneous N-terminus. It is suggested that the heterogeneity of the N-terminus is caused not only by the signal sequence, but also by the succeeding sequences of the mature protein. Only a portion of recombinant human IL-6 is N-glycosylated. Asn46, being exchanged for Gln by site-directed mutagenesis, was confirmed to be partially N-glycosylated. The defective N-glycosylation was assumed to be caused by interference or tension from a disulfide bond near the N-glycosylation site. To verify this hypothesis, the Cys45 and Cys51 forming the disulfide bond were exchanged for Ser. The N-glycosylated species became predominant upon this substitution, suggesting that formation of the disulfide bond is a cause of the defective N-glycosylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Interpretation of the thiobarbituric acid reactivity of rat liver and brain homogenates in the presence of ferric ion and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity of rat liver and brain homogenates was characterized to elucidate what kinds of aldehyde species contributed to the reactivity. Characteristic pH dependence of the reactivity with a maximum at around pH 3 and marked enhancement of the reactivity by t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) and ferric ion were similar to those of alkadienals. The amounts of aldehyde species, including alkadienals determined as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, were high enough to account for the enhanced reactivity. The reactivity was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) but not completely, suggesting the presence of malonaldehyde whose reactivity was not affected by EDTA. The amounts of malonaldehyde determined as 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrazole could account for a part of the reactivity in the presence of EDTA. Hence, the TBA reactivity of liver and brain homogenates at around pH 3 in the presence of t-BuOOH and ferric ion may be accounted for by alkadienals and malonaldehyde and that in the presence of EDTA by malonaldehyde.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans produced by cloned rat microvascular endothelial cells.

We have isolated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) from cloned rat microvascular endothelial cells using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, affinity fractionation with antithrombin III (AT III), and gel filtration in denaturing solvents. The anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGact) which bind tightly to AT III bear mainly anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate (HSact) whereas the anticoagulantly inactive heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGinact) possess mainly anticoagulantly inactive heparan sulfate (HSinact). HSact and HSinact were also isolated by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, treatment with protease and chondroitin ABC lyase, and affinity fractionation with AT III. HSact and HSinact have molecular sizes of about 25-30 kDa with the same overall composition of monosaccharides except that HSact exhibits about nine glucuronsyl 3-O-sulfated glucosamines/chain whereas HSinact possesses about three glucuronsyl 3-O-sulfated glucosamines/chain. Direct isolation of the AT III-binding site of HSact by exposing carbohydrate chains to Flavobacterium heparitinase in the presence of protease inhibitor revealed only a single interaction site which contained two to three glucuronsyl 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residues. The core proteins of HSPGact and HSPGinact were isolated by treatment with Flavobacterium heparitinase and purification by ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular sizes of the core proteins were established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their primary structures were examined by cleavage with trypsin or endopeptidase Glu-C as well as separation of peptides by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that both sets of core proteins exhibited three major components with molecular sizes of 50, 30, and 25 kDa, respectively. The 25-kDa species appears to be a proteolytic degradation product of the 30-kDa species. The peptide mapping revealed that HSPGact and HSPGinact possess extremely similar core proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning and expression of two distinct cDNA-encoding heparan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins from a rat endothelial cell line.

The cloned rat fat pad endothelial cell (RFP-EC) line synthesizes anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGact) and anticoagulantly inactive heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGinact), both of which exhibit 25-, 30-, and 50-kDa core proteins of extremely similar structure. The primary sequences of internal peptides obtained from HSPGinact core proteins and the NH2-terminal sequence analyses of the 25-kDa component from the HSPGinact core proteins demonstrate that the 30-kDa component is a previously unidentified species, designated as ryudocan, with the 25-kDa component representing a proteolytic degradation product, while the 50-kDa component is the rat homolog of syndecan (Saunders, S. Jalkanen, M., O'Farrell, S., and Bernfield, M. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 1547-1556). Specific oligonucleotide probes were obtained for ryudocan and syndecan by polymerase chain reaction, and the corresponding cDNAs were isolated from a RFP-EC library. The cDNAs encode type I integral membrane proteins of 202 and 313 amino acids, respectively, which have homologous transmembrane and intracellular domains but very distinct extracellular regions. In particular, ryudocan exhibits only three potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites within the extracellular region while syndecan has five glycosaminoglycan attachment sites within the same domain. Both species are expressed in RFP-EC lines, primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells and primary rat skin fibroblast cells. The levels of ryudocan and syndecan mRNA were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in primary microvascular endothelial cells and closely associated non-endothelial cells isolated by cell sorting. Ryudocan and syndecan mRNAs were abundantly expressed in both populations representing about 0.1-0.5% of mRNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Microsurgical use of polydioxanone (PDS) suture: an experimental report.

Although many technological advances have been made in surgical materials, nylon is still the main suture material use for microvascular surgery. This study sought to evaluate polydioxanone (PDS) sutures for use in microvascular anastomoses. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment. Spatula-type needles with 9-0 PDS suture were used to anastomose the right femoral arteries, with 9-0 nylon used on the left side. The arteries were observed for 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery to determine arterial patency and to evaluate vascular pathology. Results were comparable between PDS and nylon. We suggest that if the suture material is redesigned to allow smooth passage through the tissue, and if the needle used in conjunction with the suture is improved, PDS may offer an excellent material for microvascular anastomosis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracolumbar spine of young adults report of two cases.

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracolumbar spine is rare in young adults. We report two cases in 22 year old males who required surgical treatment. The first patient was obese and hyperinsulinaemic. He had a compression myelopathy below T11 due to extensive posterior ossification. The second patient had an osteoid osteoma of the right pedicle of T11 with ossification of the adjacent ligamenta flava. Both patients benefited from surgical decompression of the spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Plasma endothelin-1 like immunoreactivity levels in neonates.

We attempted to determine the plasma endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity (ET-1) levels and to evaluate its physiological significance in 29 neonates: 5 with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 3 with transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN), 4 with neonatal asphyxia, 5 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following RDS, 7 healthy preterm infants and 5 healthy full-term infants. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with RDS were significantly higher than those in healthy full-term infants through the 1st week of life. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with neonatal asphyxia were high on the first 2 days of life and then gradually decreased to those of healthy full-term infants. Plasma levels in infants with TTN were the same as those in healthy full-term infants. Plasma ET-1 levels in infants with BPD were high when compared with those in healthy preterm infants during the first 2 months of life. This study showed that plasma levels were markedly elevated for a long time in the infants with respiratory distress. We speculate that plasma ET-1 may be a specific marker for pulmonary endothelium injury in infants with respiratory distress.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗