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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Biopsy sites suitable for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the assessment of the extent of atrophic gastritis.

OBJECTIVES: We performed this study to determine which biopsy sites in the stomach are suitable for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the assessment of the extent of atrophic gastritis. METHODS: Endoscopy was performed in 76 H. pylori-positive patients with histologically confirmed chronic gastritis. Biopsies were taken from the following six sites: the lesser curvatures of the mid-antrum (site 1), the angulus (site 2), the middle body (site 3), and the greater curvatures of the mid-antrum (site 4), the angulus (site 5), and the middle body (site 6) of the stomach. The extent of atrophic gastritis was assessed endoscopically as well as histologically, and patients were classified into five groups according to its extent. H. pylori status was assessed histologically. The histological severity of inflammation, activity, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia was assessed according to the Updated Sydney System. The grades of these items were compared among the six biopsy sites in each group of patients. RESULTS: Site 6 was most reliable for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and site 4 was suitable for examining the status of H. pylori colonization in the antrum. Site 1, site 3, and site 6 were suitable for the assessment of the extent of atrophic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that for an accurate diagnosis and assessment, biopsies should be taken from the following four sites: the lesser curvatures of the mid-antrum (site 1) and middle body (site 3), and the greater curvatures of the mid-antrum (site 4) and middle body (site 6) of the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Myosin light chain phosphorylation and contractile proteins in a canine two-hemorrhage model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) impairs both contraction and relaxation response in cerebral arteries. We tested the hypothesis that cerebral vasospasm might be ATP-independent contraction, such as latch state, and protein synthesis might be substantially downregulated due to ATP consumption after long-lasting contraction. METHODS: Chronic cerebral vasospasm was induced in the canine 2-hemorrhage model of SAH. The normal and spastic basilar arteries were stabilized in Krebs-Henseleit solution, and contraction was induced by 30 micromol/L prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in vitro and in vivo. Before and at 15 minutes and 1 hour after the treatment with PGF2alpha, the levels of phosphorylated 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) were measured. The time course of expression of contraction proteins actin and MLC20, and contraction-inhibiting proteins h-caldesmon and calponin was determined by immunoblotting techniques. RESULTS: A significant vasospasm occurred in the basilar artery during days 4 to 21, most prominently on days 7 and 14. There were no significant differences in the baseline levels of phosphorylated MLC20 between normal and spastic basilar arteries. The increase in MLC20 phosphorylation by PGF2alpha was significantly attenuated in the spastic basilar artery in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). The immunoreactivity for actin, h-caldesmon, and calponin in the spastic basilar arteries was progressively decreased until day 14 and returned to the normal level on day 21. In contrast, protein levels of MLC20 did not significantly change during days 0 to 21. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic cerebral vasospasm closely resembles the latch state, and temporary deficiencies of contractile proteins may result from increased destruction and inhibition of protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the parietal bone.

Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) are mesenchymal tumors, usually arising in soft tissue of the extremities and are remarkably resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. A 45-year-old female presented with a rare case of MFH originating in the cranial bone manifesting as a lump in the left parietal region with no neurological abnormality. Neuroimaging revealed the presence of an osteolytic tumor in the left parietal bone invading into muscle and subdural region, penetrating through the dura. Selective external carotid angiography disclosed a marked tumor stain. Examination of the whole body excluded neoplastic disease elsewhere. The patient was treated by surgical excision, radiation, and two courses of multi-drug chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Since there is no established treatment against this malignancy, a longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether cure has been achieved.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1998

Effect of mitochondrial DNA variation on carcass traits of Japanese Black cattle.

Japanese Black fattening steers were used to examine relationships between carcass traits and mitochondria displacement loop (D-loop) variations. The D-loop region of Japanese Black cattle was sequenced and revealed 26 mitochondrial haplotypes defined by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotypes were classified into five mitochondrial types (type 1 to 5) using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, yield estimate, and beef marbling score (BMS) were compared among five mitochondrial types with BLUP procedures. Significant differences between mitochondria types were detected for LMA and BMS. Difference (P < . 05) was observed between mitochondrial types 2 and 4 for LMA. There was a highly significant difference (P < .01) in BMS between types 2 and 4. Difference (P < .05) was also found between types 1 and 4 on BMS. These results suggest that cytoplasmic genetic effects are important sources of variation for carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Black tea theaflavins induce programmed cell death in cultured human stomach cancer cells.

The exposure of human stomach cancer KATO III cells to black tea theaflavin extract, free theaflavin, and theaflavin digallate that are main components of the extract, led to both growth inhibition and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Morphological changes showing apoptotic bodies were observed in the cells treated with black tea theaflavin extract, theaflavin and theaflavin digallate. The fragmentations by these theaflavin compounds of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that are characteristics of apoptosis were observed to be concentration- and time-dependent. These data suggest that drinking of black tea in large amounts is recommended to protect humans from stomach cancer.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

[Concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in serum and tissues at venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU--clinical study on colorectal cancer].

Tissue and serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after daily slow venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU for 5 days were measured. The serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to the highest level 6 hours after the venous injection (mean: 30 ng/ml). Compared with the tegafur injection, the serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to a higher peak level 6 hours after the 5-FU injection (mean: 827 ng/ml). The serum concentration of 5-FU after the tegafur injection tended to be maintained longer than after the 5-FU injection. When tegafur was injected, the concentration of 5-FU in cancer tissue or lymphnodes was significantly higher than in normal tissue. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected among the concentrations of 5-FU in the above three tissues when 5-FU was injected. Moreover, a significantly higher concentration of 5-FU in lymphnodes was caused by the tegafur injection compared to the 5-FU injection.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1998

Factor X Nagoya 1 and Nagoya 2: a CRM- factor X deficiency and a dysfunctional CRM+ factor X deficiency characterized by substitution of Arg306 by Cys and of Gly366 by Ser, respectively.

We have identified, in two unrelated patients, factor X deficiency that we have designated factor X Nagoya 1 and Nagoya 2, respectively. The proband with factor X Nagoya 1 showed factor X activity level of 3% and factor X antigen level < 10% of the normal control value. All the exons and intron/exon junctions of the factor X gene were studied using a strategy combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and nonradioactive single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Exon 8 containing DNA fragment of the proband with factor X Nagoya 1 showed aberrant migration on SSCP analysis. All exon-containing DNA fragments amplified by PCR were sequenced, and we identified a C-to-T substitution in exon 8 in the human factor X gene of the proband, which results in the replacement of Arg306 by Cys. This genetic defect has been transmitted from her father, and her sister also carried the same mutation; both showed almost half the normal levels of both factor X activity and antigen. The coordinates of human factor Xa indicated that Arg306 in the catalytic domain is positioned at the beginning of the alpha-helix near the second EFG-like domain. The substitution for Arg of Cys has been supposed to cause the destruction of local alpha-helix formation, possibly leading to the secretion problem. The proband with dysfunctional factor X Nagoya 2 was characterized by factor X activity level of 34% with normal factor X antigen level of 80%. We identified one substitution of G for A in exon 8 in the human factor X gene of the proband, which results in the replacement of Gly366 by Ser. As the Gly366 is positioned at the primary substrate binding pocket. the replacement of Gly with Ser would cause a defect of substrate binding, leading to the loss of enzymatic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Maternal identification from skeletal remains of an infant kept by the alleged mother for 16 years with DNA typing.

This is a case study concerning maternal identification by DNA typing at various loci. An infant skeleton was found in the alleged mother's apartment after it was kept for 16 years. We obtained the skeletal remains as well as saliva stains from the alleged mother. DNA typing was conducted for three loci in the HLA class II region (HLA-DQA1, -DPB1, and DRB1), five loci with the AmpliType PM kit (LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC), five STR loci (LPL, vWA, F13B, TH01, and TPOX) and D-loop region in mtDNA for maternal identification. Sex determination was accomplished using fluorescent DNA capillary electrophoresis typing. Approximately 5 ng of human DNA was recovered from 1 g of femur bone retrieved from the infant skeletal remains. The probability of two unrelated Japanese sharing the same genotypes was estimated as 7.2 x 10(-11). The combined probability of exclusion that an individual is not the mother was also calculated at 0.998. We therefore conclude that the skeleton is from a female infant, and that there is no inconsistency in the claim that the infant was a daughter of the alleged mother.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Serum factors in cancer patients affecting the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil].

A human colon cancer cell line, HCT-15, was found to proliferate in human sera. Sera of cancer patients undergoing continuous intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were tested for the antitumor effect by counting HCT-15 cells stained with Giemsa solution. 5-FU concentrations in those sera were not correlated with the antitumor effects. After HCT-15 cells were incubated in sera of cancer patients or healthy volunteers for 24 hours followed by removal of those sera, those cells were incubated in a culture medium containing 500 or 1000 ng/ml of 5-FU for 48 hours. It was shown that preincubation of HCT-15 cells with sera of cancer patients but not sera of healthy volunteers decreased the sensitivity of HCT-15 cells to 5-FU. These results suggest that there may be some factors in the serum of a cancer patient, which affect the antitumor effect of 5-FU.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1998

[Difficulty of getting correct dental findings for a doctor of medicine: deciduous molars found in a 16-year-old female].

The first victim of four serial murders occurring in Hiroshima in 1996 was an unidentified young female when she was found. In the lower jaw, the left and right deciduous second molars were identified, and the left and right permanent second premolars were revealed to be congenitally defective by X-ray examination. Comparison of the dental findings and study model after death with those before death identified the victim as a 16-year old female.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Educational symposium: DNA diagnosis of malignancies; strategies and applications of PCR-mediated DNA diagnosis in a case of hemophilia B].

Advances in molecular biology have improved the screening of carriers and allows prenatal diagnosis of many genetic disorders, including hemophilia B. For instance, based on the eight described dimorphic restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the factor IX gene, a Caucasian female has a 94% chance of being heterozygous (informative) for at least one of these markers. However, ethnic limitations of molecular genetic techniques have been found in diagnosing hemophilia B families in Japanese and other populations. We identified two novel dinucleotide polymorphisms in intron A at nucleotide 192 (FIX192) and in the 5' flanking region at nucleotide-793 (FIX-793) of the factor IX gene, which are present in normal Japanese. The Hha I restriction fragment length polymorphism (FIXHhaI) located 8 kb 3' to the factor IX gene was also found to be an efficient marker for detecting carriers in a Japanese family with hemophilia B. Each of these polymorphisms was able to be rapidly ascertained by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In 23 Japanese families with hemophilia B, 19 families (82.6%) were heterozygous for at least one of these polymorphisms. Carrier detection and, possibly, prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia B can be achieved effectively and rapidly in Japanese with these polymorphisms. These polymorphisms may also be present and useful for hemophilia B carrier detection in other Asian populations.

Factor IX↗
PubMed1997

Identification of a novel nuclear speckle-type protein, SPOP.

A novel antigen recognized by serum from a scleroderma patient was identified by expression cloning from the HeLa cell cDNA library. The cloned cDNA encoded a 374-amino acid protein with a relative molecular mass of 47,000 and a predicted amino acid sequence 62.7% identical to the hypothetical protein of Caenorhabditis elegans, T16H12.5. The deduced amino acid sequence had a typical POZ domain and an unidentified region conserved during evolution. No zinc finger or RNA recognition motifs were found in this clone. The 2 kbp mRNA encoding the novel clone SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) was found to be expressed in all human tissues examined. HA-tagged SPOP, transfected and overexpressed in COS7 cells, exhibited a discrete speckled pattern in the nuclei and was co-localized with the splicing factor, snRNP B'/B. Deletion analysis revealed that both the POZ domain and the evolutionarily conserved region at the amino-terminus are required for the nuclear speckled accumulation of SPOP.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Myosin-induced autoimmune polymyositis in the rat.

Experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with partially purified and purified skeletal myosin. Although clinical signs such as muscle weakness were very mild, multiple inflammatory lesions in the skeletal muscle, but not in the heart, were found by histological examination. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that muscle fiber-infiltrating cells were CD8+ and CD11b+ cells and that CD4+, TCR alphabeta+, B and NK cells were mainly located in the endomysium and interfiber connective tissue. These findings were in contrast to those obtained in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesions in which CD4+ cells predominate over CD8+ cells. T cells and sera isolated from myosin-immunized animals responded vigorously to myosin. However, neither sensitized lymphoid cells mainly comprising CD4+ cells nor purified anti-myosin immunoglobulin G mediated the disease into naive rats, suggesting that T cells other than CD4+ cells such as CD8+ cells may be the final effector. Taken together, EAM induced in Lewis rats is similar to human polymyositis (PM). EAM can serve as a good model for human PM and give insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

Adoptive Transfer↗
PubMed1997

Rapid analysis of malathion in blood using head space-solid phase microextraction and selected ion monitoring.

A simple and rapid method for analysis of malathion in blood was developed using head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry/ electron impact ionization-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS/EI-SIM). A vial containing a blood sample, ammonium sulphate, sulphuric acid and fenitrothion as an internal standard, was heated at 90 degrees C for 15 min. The extraction fiber of the SPME was exposed for 5 min in the head space of the vial. The compounds absorbed on the fiber were detached by exposing the fibre in the injection port of GC-MS. A straight calibration curve was obtained between malathion concentrations of 2.5 to 50.0 micrograms g-1 in blood. No interfering substances were found, and the time for analysis was 40 min for one sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk as an inositol polyphosphate and phosphoinositide binding domain.

We previously reported that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) binds Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and that missense mutations in this domain which cause either human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or murine X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) also dramatically reduce the Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 binding activity. In this paper, we describe the inositol phosphate binding specificity of the Btk PH domain and different inositol polyphosphate binding properties among the PH domains of Tec family kinases. Our results suggest that certain inositol phosphates and/or phosphoinositides are physiological ligands of some Tec family kinases and that Tec family members are differently regulated by inositol molecules.

Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase↗
PubMed1997

A psychophysiological study of the development of delirium in coronary care units.

This is a longitudinal investigation of the psychophysiological mechanism for the development of delirium in coronary care units (CCUs). Ten patients satisfying DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for delirium (group D) and 10 controls (group C) were drawn from patients admitted to CCU. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movement recordings were observed over the days that patients were admitted to CCU and on a control day of admission and compared for each group and between each day. In the D group, slowing of background EEG activity, particularly on day 2, and many R (rapid) group eye movements and RS type (rapid superimposed on slow) eye movements, particularly on day 3, were observed. That is, from days 2 to 3, EEG findings showed an improvement in consciousness, and eye movement recordings manifested signs of anxiety and tension. These psychophysiological findings can be used to explain the transition from prodromal delirium to obvious delirium, and are supported by clinical features.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗