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Biomedical subjects

T Koike

Publications and source records attributed to T Koike.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Staging of primary lung cancer by computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle cytology of mediastinal lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND: The necessity of an easy and noninvasive technique to evaluate mediastinal node status cytopathologically is considered. METHODS: Eighteen cases of clinical N2 primary lung cancer were examined. Under local anesthesia, the lymph node was punctured with a 19-gauge needle using intermittent computed tomographic monitoring, and samples were studied cytologically. Subcarinal (no. 7) nodes and lower paratracheal (no. 4) nodes were sampled using the paraspinal posterior approach. Anterior mediastinal (no. 6) nodes were sampled using the parasternal anterior approach. Node status was diagnosed pathologically at operation. RESULTS: Number 7 nodes were examined in 11 cases, no. 4 nodes in 5 cases, and no. 6 nodes in 2 cases. Malignant cells were detected in 14 cases. Fourteen cases were diagnosed as true positive, 2 cases as true negative, and 2 cases as false negative. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this method were 88%, 100%, and 89%, respectively. Pneumothorax developed in 4 cases (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle cytology of mediastinal lymph nodes is useful for staging primary lung cancer. Because this is a small series, additional studies are necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[The molecular structure and biological significance of soluble Fas].

Fas (APO-1/CD95) is a type I membrane-bound protein belonging to the TNF receptor family. Fas mediates apoptosis by its crosslinking with Fas ligand or some monoclonal anti-Fas antibodies. As a number of cytokine receptors and cell surface antigens exist in soluble or secreted form, soluble Fas is present at low levels in the sera of healthy persons and at elevated levels in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases and hematologic malignancies. In this minireview we summarize current knowledge of the molecular structure of soluble Fas translated from alternatively spliced Fas mRNA in humans and animals, and discuss the biological and clinical significance of soluble Fas.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1996

[Assessment of cardiac functions in patients for coronary artery bypass graft using transesophageal echocardiography before and after cardiopulmonary bypass].

We evaluated cardiac functions in 7 patients for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). There was no significant difference in the ratio of end-systolic meridional wall stress (ESS) and end-systolic area (ESA), which is a good indicator of cardiac contractility, before and after CPB period. However, left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) decreased after CPB compared to that before CPB. There was a positive correlation between the ESS/ESA ratio after induction of anesthesia and left ventricular ejection fraction at the pre-operative study. As the ESS/ESA ratio represents cardiac contractility and the ESS is a reliable indicator of afterload, we thought it possible to assess cardiac contractility and precise afterload by using TEE during perioperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Anesthetic management of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy].

Using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we managed the anesthesia for a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam and fentanyl, and vecuronium was used as a muscle relaxant. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen-nitrous oxide-low concentration isoflurane. After the induction of anesthesia ejection fraction was 20%, but increased to 41% with the administration of dobutamine and amrinone. We conclude that TEE is a useful monitor in anesthetic management of a patient with DCM.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Effects of monoclonal anticardiolipin antibody on pregnant mice.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effects of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on pregnancy. METHODS: Monoclonal aCL obtained from MRL/lpr mice was administered to pregnant BALB/c mice and changes in the outcome of pregnancy were evaluated. RESULTS: The pregnant BALB/c mice injected with monoclonal aCL showed a higher intrauterine fetal death rate than controls, but there were no significant differences in platelet counts. We observed signs of placental infarction only in the placenta of the treated pregnant BALB/c mice. CONCLUSION: The intrauterine fetal deaths may have been due to thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Complete recanalization via fibrinolytic therapy can reduce the number of ischemic territories that progress to infarction.

PURPOSE: To clarify the clinical significance of fibrinolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We analyzed findings in 18 patients with occlusion of a major artery in respect to cerebral blood flow thresholds for infarction. Nine of these patients had shown complete recanalization just after the treatment, between 3.5 and 7.25 hours after symptom onset, and the other nine had shown no change. Cerebral blood flow was measured by single-photon emission CT using 99mTC-labeled hemamethylpropyleneamine oxime and assessed semiquantitatively: multiple regions of interest were placed on the section images and two parameters, the R/CL ratio and the R/CE ratio, were calculated (where R represents a mean count of the region of interest in the affected hemisphere, CL on the opposite side, and CE in the cerebellar hemisphere on the affected ischemic side). RESULTS: Reperfusion significantly reduced the development of infarction in the regions of interest with an R/CL ratio between 0.65 and 0.85 or an R/CE ratio between 0.55 and 0.75. No correlation was observed between the development of infarction and the duration of ischemia. The cerebral blood flow threshold in patients without recanalization was higher than that in patients with recanalization. CONCLUSION: Reperfusion achieved by fibrinolytic therapy in the acute stage can save ischemic brain within a limited cerebral blood flow value.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Selection of staple for closure of the lobar bronchus].

From January 1984 to October 1995, Stapling of lobar bronchus excluding middle lobe was investigated in 335 patients with lung cancer. We used routinely the 3.5 mm staple in the previous term and the 4.8 mm staple in the latter term. The stapling with 3.5 mm staple was performed in 220 patients. The stapling failed in the pressure proof test intraoperatively in 8 patients and bronchopleural fistula occurred postoperatively in 4 patients. The bronchus was cut or destroyed by the staple in most of them. The stapling with 4.8 mm staple was performed in 115 patients. The stapling failed in the pressure proof test intraoperatively in one patient because of loose closure of the bronchus. Bronchopleural fistula did not occur postoperatively. In conclusion, the 4.8 mm staple is a better choice for closure of the lobar bronchus except for a small woman or middle lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Non-drug therapeutics of idiopathic hyperuricemia].

Non-drug therapeutics of idiopathic hyperuricemia especially on dietetics and kinesitherapy, and character and therapy of syndrome-X-plus are reviewed. Recently, regulation of total calorie intake is emphasized rather than prohibition of highpurinemic food. Kinesitherapy is not always recommended: Exercises beyond anaerobic threshold aggravate hyperuricemia. Syndrome-X-Plus is a newly suggested condition causes myocardial ischemia in which hyperuricemia is found to be a critical factor, and therefore, improvement of hyperuricemia may prevent the disease.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1996

[C-type hepatitis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage].

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 139 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was investigated with regard to a diagnosis of hypertension. Patients under 30 and over 79 years of age were omitted from this study, and those with complicating malignancies and undergoing anti-coagulation or antiplatelet therapy were also excluded. The prevalence of HCV was significantly higher among the ICH group as a whole (19 out of 139 cases, p < 0.05) especially in the non-hypertensive group (7 out of 29 cases, p < 0.01), compared to the control group (7 out of 140 cases without ICH). The non-hypertensive HCV-positive group (7 cases) had significantly higher GOT and GPT levels, prolonged PT and a-PTT values, and lower platelet counts, compared to the hypertensive HCV-negative group (74 cases). The HCV antibody titers did not differ among the HCV-positive groups. The results suggest that chronic hepatitis due to HCV infection is a major risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, especially in non-hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Isolation of a novel mouse gene MA-3 that is induced upon programmed cell death.

Typical programmed cell death requires de novo macromolecular synthesis and shares common morphological changes referred to as apoptosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, we isolated cDNA clones that are induced in various types of apoptosis by the differential display method. Among such clones, the MA-3 mRNA was induced in all apoptosis-inducible cell lines tested so far, including thymocytes, T cells, B cells and pheochromocytoma. The nucleotide sequence of the MA-3 cDNA predicted an amino acid (aa) sequence of 469 aa, which did not reveal significant similarity to any known proteins and functional aa motifs in databases. The MA-3 mRNA was strongly expressed in the thymus although small amounts of the MA-3 mRNA were ubiquitously expressed in mouse adult tissues. The MA-3 gene was highly conserved during evolution and cross-hybridization bands were found not only in vertebrates but also in Drosophila melanogaster.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The complete amino acid sequence of a mannose-binding lectin from "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger).

The complete amino acid sequence of a mannose-binding lectin purified from the leaf skin of "Kidachi Aloe" (Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger) is presented. The 109-residue sequence of the subunit was determined by analysis of peptides of the intact or S-pyridylethylated protein generated by digestion with cyanogen bromide, BNPS-skatole, Achromobacter protease I, or trypsin. The subunit contains an intrachain disulfide bridge. The sequence is highly homologous to that of a mannose-binding lectin from snowdrop bulb.

Aloe↗
PubMed1995

Epitope specificity of monoclonal anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies derived from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome.

beta 2-Glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) has been identified as a cofactor in the recognition of the phospholipid Ag cardiolipin (CL) by anticardiolipin Ab (aCL) purified from patients with autoimmune diseases. However, there is considerable controversy as to the exact nature of the epitopes to which these Abs are directed. mAb derived from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome bound to CL only in the presence of beta 2GPI. Synthetic peptides that span the fifth C-terminal domain of beta 2GPI supported the binding of one of the mAbs to CL in a beta 2GPI-free system. These peptides possessed the phospholipid binding sequence Cys281-Lys-Asn-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Cys288. Three of the mAbs bound to beta 2GPI that had been adsorbed on gamma-irradiated microtiter plates. Binding to beta 2GPI was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the peptides from the carboxyl-terminal end of beta 2GPI and soluble beta 2GPI, indicating that the mAb bound to peptides and beta 2GPI in free solution. Thus, mAbs derived from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome have specificity for epitopes on the fifth domain of beta 2GPI. Our results support the idea that beta 2GPI acts as a primary Ag for these Abs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Simultaneous three-color analysis of the surface phenotype and DNA-RNA quantitation using 7-amino-actinomycin D and pyronin Y.

We developed an improved technique that permits simultaneous DNA and RNA quantitation by a flow cytofluorometry using 7-amino-actinomycin D (7AAD) and pyronin Y (PY), respectively. Detailed cell cycle analyses based upon the cellular DNA/RNA levels were performed using cells suspended in a buffer containing 0.004% saponin. This method preserved the light scattering properties of human peripheral blood cells, thus lymphocyte, monocyte and granulocyte populations could be evaluated. In addition, since 7AAD and PY exhibit red (> 650 nm) and orange fluorescence (570 nm) respectively, the green fluorescence channel of the flow cytometer was reserved for surface phenotyping using FITC-conjugated antibodies. The 7AAD/PY method is applicable to the simultaneous three-color analysis of the surface phenotype and DNA-RNA quantitation when combined with FITC-conjugated surface markers in heterogeneous samples. To demonstrate the three-color analysis, PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained for cell surface markers with monoclonal antibodies. The cells were suspended in buffer containing 0.004% saponin, then stained with 7AAD and PY. The DNA and RNA were analyzed in indivisual CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ cells, and the characteristic cell cycle status was found. Cell activation was further analyzed using antibodies against interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors (CD25), transferrin receptors (CD71) or HLA-DR molecules. Transferrin receptors were expressed in late G1 phase (G1B) just before the initiation of DNA synthesis, whereas IL-2 receptors and HLA-DR were expressed very early in the G1 phase (G1T). Since this technique preserves both light scatter properties as well as cell surface proteins, it is ideally suited for detailed cell cycle analyses of heterogeneous samples such as peripheral blood or bone marrow cells.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1995

Identification of the promoter region of the human histamine H2-receptor gene.

The human histamine H2 receptor gene (a 13 kb 5'-upstream sequence, the 1,077 bp coding region and a 245 bp 3'-downstream sequence) was cloned and its 5'-upstream 1.8 kb nucleotide sequence was determined. Northern blot hybridization showed that the message for the receptor was transcribed in human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells. When the upstream sequence was ligated in front of the luciferase gene and the construct was introduced into this cell line, the reporter gene was effectively transcribed, as demonstrated by the expression of enzyme activity. The minimum promoter was located in the region between -610 and -278. This sequence contained AP2 sites and GATA motifs, but not a TATA-box like sequence. Further upstream regions (-1,202 approximately -611 bp and -1,773 approximately -1,203 bp) stimulated and inhibited luciferase gene expression, respectively. These regions may be important for modulation of the mRNA level in cells expressing the H2 receptor.

Base Sequence↗