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Biomedical subjects

T Koike

Publications and source records attributed to T Koike.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Drug delivery system for the treatment of osteoporosis].

The number of agents for the treatment of osteoporosis has increased over the past few years allowing more and more differentiated therapy. Calcitonin, vitamin D3, bisphosphonate, estrogen, vitamin K2 and calcium are administered for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. The purpose of drug delivery system (DDS) is to provide a practical approach to increasing efficacy and minimizing side effects of the drugs. In fact by the development of DDS, topical administration, prodrug and targeting therapy are used in the treatment for osteoporosis. It is well known that calcitonin in susceptible to proteolysis in the intestine. So, calcitonin must be given intramuscular or subcutaneous injection for therapy. DDS of calcitonins is studying in many routes of administration, such as nasal, transdermal, ocular, oral, bronchial, rectal and vaginal.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies].

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are a family of autoantibodies with specificity for negatively charged phospholipids, or more accurately for their complex to phospholipid binding proteins. Their presence is associated with arterial/venous thrombosis and recurrent pregnancy loss. These clinical manifestations with the persistence of aPL are recognized as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), one of the most common acquired thrombophilia. beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) bears the epitope(s) for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on its molecule, and lupus anticoagulant activity depends on the presence of beta 2GPI or prothrombin. Thus phospholipid binding proteins may have some crucial roles in the pathophysiology of thrombotic events in APS.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1998

[A case of dural arteriovenous malformation associated with progressive dementia showing marked improvement with endovascular treatment].

An 81-year-old man was admitted with a 3-month history of progressive dementia. Neurological examination revealed marked dementia, parkinsonism and myoclonus in his extremities. His cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal. An electroencephalogram showed a mildly slowed background. Computed tomography (CT) disclosed diffuse low-density areas in bilateral cerebral white matter. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated vermiform enhancement of engorged cortical veins, suggesting increased pressure of the venous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed diffuse high-intensity areas in bilateral cerebral white manner on T2-weighted images, and abnormal flow-voids presenting venous congestion on proton-density images. Cerebral angiography revealed arteriovenous malformation (AVM) fed by four branches of the right external carotid artery with retrograde drainage into the right transverse sinus, superior sagittal sinus, and dilated cortical veins. The ipsilateral sigmoid sinus was not visualized. After transarterial embolization, transvenous embolization of the right transverse sinus was performed. These treatments resulted in a marked clinical improvement. We emphasize the role of AVM as a cause of progressive dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Gamma-heavy chain disease associated with MALT lymphoma of the duodenum].

We report a case of a 63-year-old woman with gamma heavy chain disease (HCD) associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the duodenum. She was suffering from drug-resistant tonsillitis with high fever. Examination on admission showed leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate revealed granulocytosis and a hypocellular marrow with no increase in plasma cells or atypical lymphocytes. Serum electrophoresis disclosed, in addition to hypogamma-globulinemia, an abnormal band due to the presence of gamma HCD protein. This abnormal protein was a molecular weight of approximately 40 kd as determined by Western blots technique, and belonged to the IgG1 subclass as determined by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies against IgG. An endoscopic examination of the patient's duodenum found a small tumorous lesion, which was confirmed pathologically to be MALT lymphoma. HCD is known to be associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. In this case, gamma HCD had developed as a secondary complication of MALT lymphoma. gamma HCD associated with MALT lymphoma of the duodenum is rare in the literature.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

[Autoimmune thrombocytopenia following syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation].

A 35-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (follicular small cleaved, B cell, stage IVB) received double myeloablative chemotherapy with syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Although platelet recovery was delayed until day 29 after the second transplantation, thereafter trilineage hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved. The evaluation after PBSCT did not detect any residual tumor. The patient was in good health until day 138, when his platelet count suddenly began falling; on day 150, it had fallen to 1.5 x 10(4)/microliter, and the patient was re-admitted for treatment. The bone marrow was normocellular with a normal count and megakaryocyte structure. Other examinations, including serological tests and computed tomography of the neck, chest, abdomen, and retroperitoneum, did not indicate a recurrence of NHL or reveal the cause of thrombocytopenia. The patient's platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) level was at 70.9 ng/10(7) platelets (normal range: 9-25 ng/10(7) platelets); a diagnosis of thrombocytopenia due to an autoimmune mechanism such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was made. Prednisolone therapy increased the platelet count and reduced the PAIgG level. Thrombocytopenia with an ITP-like mechanism rarely occurs more than 100 days after autologous or syngeneic stem cell transplantation, and should be taken into consideration as a late complication of PBSCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

In vitro expansion of CD34+/CD41+ cells from human peripheral blood CD34+/CD41- cells: role of cytokines for in vitro proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytic progenitors.

The aim of this study is to clarify the transitional change of the proliferation and differentiation of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells to megakaryocytic lineage, focusing on its clinical application. We developed a rapid system to purify human peripheral blood CD34+ cells from healthy volunteers, which produced CD34+ cells with a 90% purity. The purified CD34+ cells predominantly consisted of CD41- cells, and the rate of coexpression of CD41 was 0.6% +/- 0.5%. When the purified cells were cultured in liquid phase for 10 days in the presence of recombinant human stem cell factor (rSCF: a ligand for c-kit), interleukin-3 (rIL-3), and thrombopoietin (rTPO: a ligand for Mpl), the number of CD34+/CD41+ cells increased to 19% +/- 7% of total expanded cells on day 4 (4 days of liquid culture) and then gradually decreased to 2.2% +/- 0.6% on day 10. The absolute number of CD34+/CD41+ cells increased and reached a plateau on day 6, and 1.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) CD34+/CD41+ cells were produced by 1 x 10(5) CD34+/CD41- day 0 cells. The CD34-/CD41+ cells appeared on day 6, continuously increased in number until day 10, and constituted the main population of expanded cells on day 10, with a value of 38% +/- 18%. On day 10, 19.5 +/- 10.6 x 10(5) of CD34-/CD41+ cells were produced by 1 x 10(5) CD34+/CD41- day 0 cells. The deletion of rTPO from this cytokine combination decreased the number of CD34+/CD41+ and CD34-/CD41+ cells, after days 6 and 8, respectively. Day 0 cells required rIL-3 for promoting colonies containing megakaryocytes, whereas rTPO alone promoted almost no megakaryocytic colonies from day 0 cells. Thus, a combination of IL-3 and SCF expands CD34+/CD41+ cells from CD34+/CD41- cells, and TPO mainly acts to increase CD34-/CD41+ cells. This study suggests that if the expansion of CD34+/CD41+ is performed in vitro, the 6 days' culture of peripheral blood CD34+/CD41- cells with a combination of IL-3 and SCF with TPO provides the most rapid and stable products of CD34+/CD41+ cells for the rapid recovery of platelets in patients with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies.

The relationship between presence of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I autoantibodies (abeta2-GPI) and history of thrombosis is now widely known. However, differences in the methodology of abeta2-GPI detection have made the comparison of data from different laboratories extremely difficult. We discuss the significance of abeta2-GPI of the IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes, and our approach to developing an easier and more reproducible method for the detection of this autoantibody. In addition, we present data that shows that commercially available enzyme immunoassay plates differ regarding detectability of abeta2-GPI. Since the clinical significance of this heterogeneity is presently unclear, the set-up of the detection systems and interpretation of data need great care.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of epidural blood patch in the treatment of two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension].

We evaluated the effect of epidural blood patch (EBP) in the treatment of two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Both case 1 (53-year old female) and case 2 (44-year old female) had severe postural headache and showed meningeal thickening by cranial MRI, and were diagnosed as SIH. Case 1: Although her intracranial pressure remained within normal ranges, an extradural leakage was shown in the middle thoracic region on isotope cisternography using indium-111 labeled DTPA. She underwent epidural blood patch with autologous blood at Th 6-7 level twice (10 ml and 15 ml, respectively) but without remarkable pain relief. Case 2: Her intracranial pressure was low (0 mmH2O on supine position), but, isotope cisternography using DTPA showed only the early appearance of isotope in the bladder but failed to disclose the site of the CSF leak. Epidural blood patch with 30 ml of autologous blood was performed at Th 12-L 1 level which only resulted in severe backache without clinical improvement. In conclusion, we could not find the effectiveness of EBP on the two cases of SIH, although there are many reports on its efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression patterns of costimulatory molecules on cells derived from human hematological malignancies.

In order to elucidate the possibility of costimulatory molecules-mediated immuno or immuno-gene therapy for human hematological malignancies, we analyzed 30 hematopoietic cell lines and cells obtained from 48 patients with hematological malignancies for the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86. The 30 hematopoietic cell lines were composed of 4 cell lines derived from the patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), 3 from Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL (Ph1+ALL), 8 from acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 3 from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 8 from chronic myeloid leukemia at blast crisis (CML-BC), 3 from Burkitt's lymphoma and one from follicular cell lymphoma. The expression of CD80 or CD86 was frequent on cell lines derived from the patients with CML-BC or Burkitt's lymphoma, while it was rare on cell lines from T-ALL. Subsequently we analyzed the cells obtained from 48 patients with hematological malignancies, which consisted of 6 samples from patients with ALL, 30 from AML, 2 from CML-BC, 3 from B-cell lymphoma and one from each acute mixed leukemia (AMixL), adult T cell leukemia (ATL), T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL leukemia), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-RAEB in T, multiple myeloma (MM) or T-cell lymphoma. Among all the 48 cases, all cases except one case with CLL and two with B cell lymphoma were demonstrated to be negative for CD80 on the neoplastic cells. CD86 and HLA-DR were shown to be expressed in 50% and 88% of total 48 cases respectively. In 30 AML samples, CD86 was positive in 15 cases (50%), which was sharply in contrast with the finding that CD80 was not detected in any AML samples. HLA-DR was expressed in 25 AML samples (83%). We also treated seven human hematopoietic cell lines with IFN-gamma, IL-12 or IL-15 and observed whether these cytokines could induce or enhance the expression of CD40, CD54, CD58 and HLA-DR as well as CD80 and CD86. The present study demonstrated that the expression of CD86 could be upregulated not only by IFN-gamma, but also by IL-12 or IL-15 in some cell lines. These findings suggested the possibility that the absence of CD80 on neoplastic cells may be associated with the lack of efficient anti-tumor immunity in most patients with hematological malignancies and that the immuno or immuno-gene therapy manipulating the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 may be a useful treatment modality for hematological malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Identification of an autocrine chondrocyte colony-stimulating factor: chondromodulin-I stimulates the colony formation of growth plate chondrocytes in agarose culture.

Chondrocytes are unique among non-transformed cells in that they are capable of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is known as a potent colony-stimulating factor for chondrocytes. However, cartilage extracts contain a potent colony-stimulating activity which is not explicable only by contaminating FGF. We previously isolated the 25 kDa cartilage-specific glycoprotein chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) which stimulates the growth of chondrocytes. In the present study, we observed that ChM-I stimulates the colony formation of rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in agarose culture. ChM-I alone weakly stimulated the formation of chondrocyte colonies, but it markedly stimulated colony formation synergistically in the presence of an optimal dose of FGF-2. This effect was dependent on the dose of ChM-I. These results suggest that ChM-I participates in an autocrine signaling mechanism for the anchorage-independent growth of chondrocytes in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 mRNA in human lymphoid cells.

We analyzed the mRNA expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes 1 to 5 (SSTR1-5) in human lymphoid cell lines, human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), and human lymphatic leukemia cells, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. In human lymphoid cell lines, SSTR2 mRNA expression was clearly detectable, and there was no evidence of SSTR1 mRNA expression. SSTR2 mRNA was barely detectable in PBL from healthy individuals but was clearly detectable in EB virus-transformed lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from some of the leukemic patients showed elevated SSTR2 mRNA expression. SSTR2 mRNA expression in PBL was upregulated upon stimulation by PHA. SSTR3 mRNA was also observed in all the cell lines examined, although in one cell line, the expression was weak. Some cell lines showed little or no SSTR4 or 5 mRNA expression. The expression pattern of SSTR2 mRNA suggests that this receptor may have some important roles in lymphocyte activation, development, and/or tumorgenesis.

Cell Line↗