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Biomedical subjects

T Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Kohno.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Primary mediastinal seminoma--a case report].

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that is histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Fifty-one cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. This report concerns a new case of this tumor which showed high levels of a serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The patient is a 27 year old man whose father underwent an orchiectomy with postoperative radiation therapy for testicular tumor. After radiation and chemotherapy, the patient's chest X-ray showed complete regression of the mass, and his ALP and ACE decreased to normal levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Decreased tumor viability of gliomas after radiation therapy, evaluated by dynamic CT scan].

The tumor viability of 28 gliomas after radiation therapy has been investigated by dynamic CT scan that estimated 4 parameters (Area, Peak, Time of Peak, and, Height of Plateau) from a time-density curve. Glioblastoma showed higher values of Area and Peak, whereas astrocytomas showed lower values when compared to those found in normal gray matter. After radiation therapy, the Area and Peak decreased and the Time to Peak was prolonged, suggesting a decrease in blood volume and blood flow in the tumor tissue. The increased Height of Plateau showed an increased permeability of the tumor-vessels. These results suggest that a dynamic CT scan provides a useful indicator of the change in tumor-viability after radiation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary pulmonary amyloidosis with multiple nodules.

A 61-year old asymptomatic woman had a five-year history of pulmonary nodular lesions on routine radiographs. She underwent open lung biopsy, which revealed nodular lesions in the lungs and thickened pleura. Histological examination showed amyloid deposits in the pulmonary parenchyma and adjacent pleura. Congo Red staining of the specimen demonstrated green birefringence under polarized light. This affinity for Congo Red dye remained after potassium permanganate treatment, suggesting primary amyloidosis. Multiple nodular amyloidosis of the lungs should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1987

A novel enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin IgG in guinea pig serum.

A novel enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin IgG in guinea pig serum is described. Guinea pig anti-insulin serum diluted with nonspecific guinea pig serum was incubated with dinitrophenyl biotinyl nonspecific rabbit IgG-insulin conjugate and a rabbit (anti-dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG-coated polystyrene ball. After washing to eliminate nonspecific guinea pig IgG in the diluted serum, the polystyrene ball was incubated with dinitrophenyl-L-lysine to elute the complex of anti-insulin IgG and the conjugate. The eluate was incubated with an avidin-coated polystyrene ball. Finally, the amount of guinea pig anti-insulin IgG in the complex trapped onto the avidin-coated polystyrene ball was measured by incubation with rabbit (anti-guinea pig IgG) Fab'-peroxidase conjugate. This enzyme immunoassay was 10,000-fold more sensitive than the conventional enzyme immunoassay using insulin-coated polystyrene ball and rabbit (anti-guinea pig IgG) Fab'-peroxidase conjugate.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin antibodies in human serum.

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of anti-insulin antibodies in human serum is described. Serum samples were subjected to successive processes of incubation with insulin, dextran-charcoal treatment to remove free insulin, precipitation of insulin-anti-insulin antibodies by polyethylene glycol, acid-treatment of the precipitates to inactivate anti-insulin antibodies and measurement of insulin by sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The detection limit of anti-insulin IgG in human serum was 50 pg/assay or 450 ng/l of serum. This was 1,000- to 3,000-fold less than that obtained by a conventional enzyme immunoassay, in which an insulin-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with diluted serum and subsequently with (anti-human IgG gamma-chain) Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. By the present enzyme immunoassay, anti-insulin antibodies were demonstrated in most (89%) of serum samples from diabetic patients who had been treated with porcine insulin and porcine insulin plus bovine insulin for 0.6-10 mth, while only a small proportion (3%) of serum samples from the same patients was positive by the conventional enzyme immunoassay. Similar results were obtained with serum samples from diabetic patients who had been treated with human insulin for 0.5-8.2 mth. The present enzyme immunoassay may be useful for the measurement of antibodies not only for insulin but also other antigens which can be removed by dextran-charcoal treatment and are not precipitated by polyethylene glycol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A morphological study of the effects of ozone on rat lung. I. Short-term exposure.

In order to determine the effects of ozone on lungs and the course of cell renewal after damage, young male rats were exposed to 3 ppm of ozone for 4 hr. They were killed at 1, 6, 12, and 18 hr and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days after exposure. One hour before the killing, dividing cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine. Type 1 cells of centriacinar location and bronchiolar cells were severely damaged after exposure. Labeling indices of type 2 cells and bronchiolar nonciliated cells increased 1 day after exposure. Hyperplasia of type 2 cells and bronchiolar nonciliated cells was observed 2 and 3 days after exposure. Ciligenesis of bronchiolar ciliated cells occurred 4 days after exposure. Our study shows that injured type 1 cells are repaired by proliferation of type 2 cells and that injured bronchiolar ciliated and Clara cells are repaired by proliferation of bronchiolar nonciliated cells. These undifferentiated cells are probably progenitors of ciliated cells and Clara cells, and some nonciliated cells are in a transitional form between nonciliated and type 2 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A highly specific and sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human hemoglobin A.

A highly specific and sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human hemoglobin A (Hb A) is described. A rabbit anti-human Hb A IgG-coated polystyrene ball was incubated with human Hb A and subsequently with affinity-purified anti-human Hb A Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugates, which had been prepared before and after absorption with Japanese monkey Hb-Sepharose 4B and dog Hb-Sepharose 4B. Bound peroxidase activity was measured by fluorimetry using 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid as a substrate. The detection limits of human Hb A using the conjugate before and after the absorption were 0.65 pg/tube (3 X 10(10)-fold dilution of whole blood) and 2.0 pg/tube (1 X 10(10)-fold dilution of whole blood), respectively. Human Hb A could be discriminated from Hb of animals such as Japanese monkey, dog, cat, pig, horse, sheep, chicken and cow by measuring bound peroxidase activity in the presence and absence of the conjugates prepared before and after the absorption. Human Hb A in bloodstains on cotton gauze could be discriminated from Hb of animals described above even after seven washings. Human Hb A in 220,000-fold diluted bloodstains on cotton gauze could also be discriminated from Hb of animals described above.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Morphological effects of nitrogen dioxide on the rat lung.

Morphological studies of the rat lung exposed to 20 ppm NO2 for 20 hr (experiment 1), to 0.5 ppm for 19 months (experiment 2), and to 10 ppm for 14 days (experiment 3) were conducted. Changes in the mast cells of the tracheas and main bronchi of rats exposed to 0.5 ppm (experiment 4) were also observed. In the alveolus, cytoplasmic blebbing occurred in a small number of type I cells immediately after exposure to 20 ppm NO2 for 20 hr, and remarkable vacuolar change was observed 3 days after 10 ppm exposure. Exposure to 0.5 ppm did not cause degeneration. Swelling and hyperplasia of type II cells were observed. The cells gradually became flat and began a transition from type II to type I cells. These intermediate-type cells were noticed in experiments 1 and 2, but no intermediate-type cells were found in experiment 3. In each experiment, pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells in capillaries, followed by interstitial edema in the alveolar walls, were observed. In addition to these changes, desquamation of endothelium and widening of the endothelial junction of endothelial cells occurred in experiment 3. The early changes observed in the animals exposed to 0.5 ppm NO2 were the numerical and histochemical changes of mast cells in the trachea and main bronchus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cells of origin innervating the liver and their axonal projections with synaptic terminals into the liver parenchyma in rats.

By utilizing a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) axonal flow technique for retrograde tracing, and electron microscopic techniques, attempts were made in adult Wistar rats to elucidate the central organization of the parasympathetic hepatic innervation. The results were as follows: 1) cells of origin directly innervating the liver were located mainly in the left dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Their mean number was 175 with a standard deviation of 14 (n = 14). 2) the hepatic branch of the vagus consisted mostly of unmyelinated nerve fibers. The mean number of unmyelinated fibers was 2072 with a standard of 137, while that of myelinated fibers was only 13 with a standard deviation of 4 (n = 10). 3) nerve terminals were found in two different regions; one adjacent to the vasculature in the portal area, and the other in the space of Disse among hepatic parenchymal cells. These nerve terminals contained several synaptic vesicles different both in their form and size.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Regional cerebral blood flow in brain tumors analyzed by N-isopropyl-(123I)-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP)].

N-Isopropyl-(123I)-p-Iodoamphetamine (IMP), a newly developed tracer for regional cerebral blood flow, was applied to 18 patients with brain tumors. The static scan images were obtained by a single photon emission CT 20 minutes after IMP injection, and revealed decreased IMP uptake in the tumor region in 17 out of 18 patients. This result suggests the lack of an IMP-trapping mechanism in the tumor. In dynamic scan images, which were taken every 2 minutes just after IMP injection, IMP uptake in the tumor was intermediate between that of contralateral white matter and gray matter, and it increased momentarily in accordance with that of the gray and white matter. This finding indicates that the IMP uptake in a dynamic scan would express the regional tissue blood flow in the tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Immunofluorescent studies of fibronectin and laminin in the human eye.

The topographic distribution of fibronectin and laminin in young and old human eyes was determined by indirect immunofluorescent techniques. These two glycoproteins may play a role in the attachment of the vitreous to the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the internal limiting membrane to the Mueller cell processes. A double-laminated pattern of fluorescence for both glycoproteins was frequently found at the ILM of the posterior retina of aged eyes. This pattern of fluorescence, which was rarely seen in young eyes, may represent senescent changes in the ILM which could predispose the eye to posterior vitreous detachment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Alterations in the distribution of fibronectin and laminin in the diabetic human eye.

The distribution of fibronectin and laminin in diabetic human eyes was determined by indirect immunofluorescent techniques. The intense fluorescence suggests increased amounts of fibronectin and laminin in the diabetic internal limiting membrane (ILM). A double laminated pattern of fluorescence for both glycoproteins suggests structural abnormalities of the ILM of the posterior retina. Preretinal and subretinal proliferative tissues fluoresced strongly and diffusely with antifibronectin. This study indicates that in diabetic patients, the ILM, especially in the posterior retina, is biochemically and morphologically abnormal.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Organic phosphorus compounds. 1. 4-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonate as potent calcium antagonistic vasodilator.

A series of 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for coronary vasodilatory activity by Langendorff's method in the isolated guinea pig heart. Many of the phosphonic acid dialkyl esters exhibited vasodilatory activity and calcium antagonism comparable with those of diltiazem hydrochloride, whereas phosphonic acid 1b and its nonphosphonated precursor 7a were inactive. These results indicate the necessity of the diethoxyphosphinyl moiety for vasodilatory activity. Substitution of the benzothiazole ring with a variety of substituents did not significantly enhance the activity of the unsubstituted compound. Compound 10b (KB-944) was chosen for detailed pharmacological evaluation.

Animals↗