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Biomedical subjects

T Kogure

Publications and source records attributed to T Kogure.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Treatment of brain tumors with iridium-192 seeds.

Interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumors requires positioning of the radioactive sources with good precision in order to achieve a sufficient dose in the tumor without too much damage to surrounding tissues. A method for application of 192Ir seeds in brain tumors is described and preliminary results in seven patients reported. The method, which uses CT-guided stereotactic localization and computerized dose planning, is at present fairly complicated. The preliminary results are promising and no serious complications have so far been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Lymphography].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Identification and characterization of UDP-GalNAc: NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc) beta 1-4(GalNAc to Gal)N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in human blood plasma.

Normal human plasma was found to contain beta 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from UDP-GalNAc to 3'-sialyl-lactose, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc. The transferred N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue was cleaved from the desialylated reaction product by the beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from jack beans. Methylation and hydrolysis of the desialylated reaction product yielded only 2,3,6-tri-O-methylgalactose and 2,3,6-tri-O-methylglucose as neutral sugars, indicating that the N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue was introduced at position C-4 of the galactosyl residue of 3'-sialyllactose. The enzyme required Mn2+ ions for its activity and showed a pH optimum between 6.5 and 8.5. By using a wide variety of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, the acceptor specificity of the beta 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase was investigated. No detectable amount of N-acetylgalactosamine was transferred to either 6'-sialyllactose or lactose. The enzyme did not act on ganglioside GM3, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide, suggesting that the hydrophobic ceramide portion of GM3 interferes with the enzyme reaction. On the other hand, glycoproteins carrying terminal NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc structures on their N-linked oligosaccharide chains, e.g. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, were efficient acceptors.

Cations↗
PubMed1987

Aberrant blood group activities of ABH substances from human gastric linings.

Recently it was shown that enzymes specific to blood groups A and B have an inherent function overlapping each other and that under certain in vitro conditions they exhibit a weak activity to synthesize aberrant blood group substance. In an attempt to examine the results of the in vivo activities of these enzymes, we investigated the activities of blood group substances from human materials. After partial purification and concentration of blood group substances, weak B activities were shown in some materials from group A individuals, especially from gastric linings, and weak A activities in group B materials. Weak A and/or B activities in substances from group O persons were recognized. The reciprocal activities were specifically destroyed by blood group-decomposing enzymes with enhancement of H activity. These results suggest that the A and B enzymes can utilize the reciprocal nucleotide substrate even under in vivo conditions. The results support the inference that blood group O gene-mediated proteins exist and have activities to synthesize A and B structures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Evidence that methylsulfonyl metabolites of m-dichlorobenzene are causative substances of induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by the parent compound in rats.

This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between the formation of 2,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfones, metabolites of m-dichlorobenzene (DCB), and their inducing effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats. When m-DCB was injected ip into bile duct-cannulated rats, little or no methyl sulfones were detected in blood, liver, kidneys, adipose tissue, or bile. In the antibiotic-pretreated rats dosed with m-DCB, metabolite concentrations in the blood and the three tissues markedly decreased. These findings suggest that the formation of methylsulfonyl metabolites from m-DCB depends largely upon the metabolism of some precursor(s) excreted in the bile by intestinal microflora. The increasing effects of m-DCB administration on the activities of aminopyrine and aniline metabolizing enzymes and the contents of cytochromes P-450 and b5 in hepatic microsomes were scarcely observed in the bile duct-cannulated and antibiotic-pretreated rats, in which the drug-metabolizing enzymes were able to be induced by phenobarbital treatment. On the other hand, in rats administered 2,4- or 3,5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfone hepatic distribution of each methyl sulfone was similar to that in intact rats, and the degree of increase of the above four parameters was nearly the same as that in the intact rats. These findings provide evidence that the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by m-DCB is not due to the action of m-DCB but is due to its methylsulfonyl metabolites.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1986

Clinical course of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Knowledge of the natural course of stroke patients has become increasingly important since new therapeutic methods have been proposed for patients with cerebral infarction in the acute stage. In order to clarify the acute stage of this disease, 188 patients admitted within 24 hours after onset of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion were followed for 2 months, and data relating to mortality and changes in disturbances of consciousness and motor function were investigated. It was shown that the prognosis for MCA occlusion cases is poor, and about 80% of these patients are unable to return to their previous lifestyle. The level of consciousness in the acute stage is a good index for estimating the patients' quality and time of survival, and motor function in the acute stage is a good indicator of functional recovery. Thus, when evaluating the effectiveness of a new therapy for cerebral infarction, rapid improvement in the acute stage before and after treatment should be carefully noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Assay of alpha-D-galactosyltransferase of subgroup B sera.

Carriers of weak B antigen were found in three generations of a family. The red cells of the propositus reacted with anti-A human serum and Dolichos biflorus lectin as strongly as normal A1B red cells, but they agglutinated at 8-fold dilution against anti-B human serum (1:128) and did not have a mixed-field agglutination. The red cells of her niece agglutinated at 32-fold dilution against the same anti-B serum and did not have a mixed-field pattern. Her red cells were provisionally designated B2, analogous to A2 of subgroup A. B antigen of the propositus appeared clearly depressed, and she was provisionally designated A1B2. When papain-treated O red cells were used as acceptors instead of untreated O red cells, group A1B2 sera could convert them into B-active cells, which were agglutinated by anti-B human serum. alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in A1B2 serum was about one-eighth that in normal B serum.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Specificity of hemagglutinin of Falcata japonica which reacts with blood group active N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues.

Saline extract of the seeds of Falcata japonica has been shown to have hemagglutinating activity for saline red cells of group A, Cad positive and Tn. In titration the extract agglutinates more strongly A2 red cells than the extract of Dolichos biflorus. Because the extract of F. japonica has no ability to agglutinate A3 red cells, it could be used to distinguish the subgroups of A in comparison with the agglutinability of human anti-A serum and D. biflorus lectin. F. japonica extract agglutinates much more strongly with papain-treated A red cells, and papain-treated O and B red cells come to be agglutinated with the extract. The agglutination reactions of lectin of F. japonica with untreated A, and papain-treated A and O red cells are inhibited by A secretor saliva and A substances from human and hog gastric linings. N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine is a potent inhibitor of the hemagglutination reaction in monosaccharides tested. It is directed against terminal GalNAc structures either alpha- or beta-linked.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

The presence of N-acetyllactosamine and lactose: beta (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in human urine.

Normal human urine was found to contain beta (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to N-acetyllactosamine and lactose. Lacto-N-tetraose which carries the terminal Gal beta (1-3)GlcNAc structure was a poor acceptor. The product of the transferase reaction with N-acetyllactosamine as acceptor was identified by methylation analysis as GlcNAc beta (1-3)Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc. The beta-linkage of the GlcNAc in the synthesized trisaccharide was confirmed by the action of the specific beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. The enzyme requires Mn2+ ions for its activity, shows a broad pH optimum from 7 to 9, and appears to have a molecular weight of about 200,000 as estimated by Sephadex gel filtration.

Glucosyltransferases↗
PubMed1985

[Damage to the heart from tumor irradiation in the thorax--an echocardiographic study].

The authors give a review of 74 patients with radiation-induced heart disease which could be easily detected by echocardiography. In almost all of the patients a pericardial effusion (P.E.), with relative sinus tachycardia was found 3 to 4 weeks after onset of radiation and this was transient in some cases. This phenomenon was interpreted as an early radiation-induced reaction of the heart. 6 to 12 months after radiation, late damage of the heart occurred depending on field and total radiation dose. This manifested as massive P.E. with changes in ECG. Later there was damage to the myocardium caused by coronary sclerosis. The tendency to constrictive pericarditis was manifested not earlier than 3 years or later after radiation. The authors advise follow up of the irradiated patients case by case, checked by echocardiography, especially those who received more than 5000 rad to the heart area and therefore have high risk of late heart damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Human serum contains N-acetyllactosamine: beta 1-3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity.

Human serum was shown to contain N-acetyllactosamine: N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. The reaction product was hydrolyzed by beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and released [14C]N-acetylglucosamine, indicating that the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue was beta-linked to N-acetyllactosamine. Methylation and hydrolysis of the reaction product yielded 2,4,6-trimethyl[3H]galactose, indicating that the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue was introduced at position C-3 of the terminal galactose of N-acetyllactosamine. In our experiments, 2,3,4-trimethyl[3H]galactose was not detected. Substrate competition studies between N-acetyllactosamine and lactose showed that this enzyme also catalyzed the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to lactose. Since the Km value for N-acetyllactosamine, which was 7.0 mM, was approximately a fourth of that for lactose (29.8 mM), N-acetyllactosamine was more effective than lactose as an acceptor.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1984

Identification of sulfur-containing metabolites of m-dichlorobenzene and their disposition and relationship with glutathione in rats.

The sulfur-containing metabolites of m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB) were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and disposition of these metabolites was studied. In the blood, urine and feces of rats dosed with m-DCB, 2,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfoxides and 3,5- and 2,4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfones emerged, while their possible precursors, 3,5- and 2,4-dichlorophenyl methyl sulfides (Me' and Mf', respectively), were not detected in the blood, urine and feces. However, after heating the alkalinized urine and feces, the methyl sulfides appeared. Each cumulative amount of the methyl sulfoxides and methyl sulfones excreted in both the urine and feces for 120 h was less than 0.3% of the dose, while the amounts of Me' and Mf' excreted were about 0.9 and 0.2%, respectively. The amounts of 2,4- and 3,5-dichlorophenyl mercapturic acids excreted in the urine were 2.3 and 1.2%, respectively. However, the former was increased to 27.3% and the latter to 4.3% after heating the acidified urine. The cystein conjugates were not detected. The administration of m-DCB decreased the glutathione level in liver of fasted rats but it was not further reduced by diethyl maleate (DEM)-pretreatment. The kidney glutathione level was not altered by the administration of m-DCB. The blood level of methyl sulfoxides and methyl sulfones and their excretion in urine were markedly decreased in DEM-pretreated rats, while the mercapturic acids in acid-treated urine of DEM-pretreated rats were not significantly decreased. These results suggest that the methyl sulfoxides and methyl sulfones were derived from glutathione in liver and the formation process of mercapturic acids was somewhat what different from that of methyl sulfoxides and methyl sulfones.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1983

[Synchronous double cancer of the esophagus and the urinary bladder: report of two cases].

An 82-year-old man was seen with the complaints of gross hematuria and dysphagia in September 1979. An invasive bladder tumor was found and TUR-Bt (Transitional cell carcinoma, G2, pT3NXMO ) was performed. Fluoroscopic examination revealed a large esophageal cancer (Undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, T2NXMO ) and irradiation was performed (Linac 4,600 rads). The patient's condition aggravated rapidly and he died in February 1980. A 76-year-old man irradiated for an esophageal cancer (Linac 6,540 rads) (undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, T1NXMO ) in March 1981. Eleven months later, bladder cancer was found and treated with TUR-Bt (Transitional cell carcinoma, G2, PTlmNXMO ) followed by intravesical instillation of carboquone and adriamycin. The patient was alive 1 year and 9 months after the diagnosis of the esophageal cancer. Sixteen cases of double cancer of the esophagus and urinary bladder were found in the Japanese literature. Eighteen cases including the above 2 cases were males and their ages ranged from 51 to 82 years. Sixteen bladder cancers were transitional cell carcinoma and 15 esophagus cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Of 9 cases whose clinical course were described in detail, 3 were synchronous and 6 were metachronous. Radical surgery was performed for one or both of the two cancers in 5 cases, 4 of which were metachronous. Indication of surgery for the metachronous second cancer does not differ significantly from sporadic cancer when the first cancer has been managed successfully. However, the treatment for the synchronous double cancer of this type of combination is often forced to be restricted, since the prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor and surgical risk may be increased by two radical surgeries in such elderly patients.

Aged↗