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Biomedical subjects

T Koga

Publications and source records attributed to T Koga.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Experimental study of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in adults and children].

KS-R1, a new rectal suppository of ampicillin (ABPC) sodium, was compared with oral and parenteral ABPC in terms of absorption and excretion in childish patients and healthy adult male volunteers. In addition, the irritation of KS-R1 to the rectum was studied. 1. Eight healthy adult male volunteers received 250 mg (potency) of KS-R1 rectally and 125 mg of ABPC intravenously in a cross-over study. Then, 4 of them were given intramuscularly 250 mg of ABPC, and 3 of the remaining 4 volunteers were given 250 mg of ABPC orally. The rectal administration of 250 mg of KS-R1 resulted in a mean peak ABPC plasma level (Cmax) of 2.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes, and then ABPC levels declined with biological half-life (T2/1) of 0.55 hour. The peak time (Tmax) of occurrence after rectal dose of KS-R1 was earlier than that after oral dose of ABPC, and was equal to that after intramuscular dose of ABPC. Cmax after rectal dose of KS-R1 was equal to that after the oral dose, and was about 40% of the value attained with the intramuscular dose. Urinary recovery of ABPC during 6 hours after rectal dose of KS-R1 was 24.0%, compared with 34.0% for the oral dose, 59.6% for the intramuscular dose and 61.4% for the intravenous dose. The relative bioavailability of KS-R1, calculated on the basis of urinary recovery after intravenous administration of ABPC, was about 40%. 2. When KS-R1 (250 mg) was given to 2 adult volunteers 3 times daily for 5 days, no remarkable difference was found in plasma concentration and urinary recovery of ABPC. The pharmacokinetic parameters following the last administration were similar to those following a single administration of KS-R1. 3. KS-R1, oral ABPC and intravenous ABPC were administered at the dose of 125 mg (potency) to 5, 4 and 3 children and at the dose of 250 mg (potency) to 5, 3 and 3 children, respectively. Peak plasma level (Cmax) of ABPC after rectal administration of 125 mg and 250 mg of KS-R1 was reached in 15 minutes, indicating 4.8 and 7.1 mcg/ml, respectively. Peak time (Tmax) of ABPC after the rectal doses of KS-R1 was about 2 hours earlier than that after oral doses of ABPC. Cmax after KS-R1 was 3-4 times as high as that after the oral doses. Area under the curve (AUC) with KS-R1 was 1.38-1.55 times greater than that of oral ABPC, and about 24% of the values obtained with intravenous doses of ABPC. Urinary recoveries of ABPC rectal doses of KS-R1 were 30.4 to 45.6%, compared with 29.2 to 30.8% for the oral doses and 61.1 to 76.1% for the intravenous doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in children].

Plasma levels of ampicillin (ABPC) after the single rectal insertion of KS-R1 at doses of 125 and 250 mg in 154 children reached a peak at 11 approximately 15 minutes in children of age less than 1 year old, at 16 approximately 20 minutes in children of 1 approximately 3 years, 4 approximately 6 years and more than 7 years old with the highest levels of 11.50, 8.69, 10.33 and 8.30 micrograms/ml, respectively. Highest plasma levels of ABPC were 6.48, 8.00, 12.32 and 17.83 micrograms/ml by the administration of KS-R1 at doses of less than 10.9 mg/kg, 11.0 approximately 15.9, 16.0 approximately 20.9 mg/kg and more than 21.0 mg/kg, respectively, with dose-dependent response which were observed at 11 approximately 15 minutes or 16 approximately 20 minutes. There was no difference of plasma levels between the administration of 125 and 250 mg of KS-R1. The pain of insertion was observed in 0.6% of total 167 cases, the feeling of defecation in 2.4% and the discharge of suppository or its dissolved material or defecation within 30 minutes after insertion in 12.6%, without the influence of patients ages and dosage level. These figures were almost the same as those after the insertion of other suppositories such as erythromycin suppository or antipyretic suppository. Clinical effectiveness of KS-R1 was examined in 51 childish patients with various infections. KS-R1 was rectally given to them at doses of average 41.6 mg/kg/day divided into 3 to 4 times for 7 days. All cases showed excellent and good effects. Bacteriologically, all pathogens which were isolated from 12 patients were eradicated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of latamoxef in newborn and premature infants].

Latamoxef (LMOX) was administered as a one-shot intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 28 newborn and immature infants of 1 to 28 days of age. For 6 hours following the administration, the concentrations of the drug in the plasma and in the urine were monitored and the urinary recovery rate was determined. In addition, 17 patients, consisting of newborns, immature infants and suckling infants, aged 0 days to 2 months and diagnosed as having various bacterial infections, were also treated with LMOX; the mean daily dosage was 103 mg/kg, administered in 2 to 6 divided doses as one-shot intravenous injections for an average duration of 11 days. These patients were subjected to the analysis for the clinical efficacy and bacteriological efficacy of the therapy. Furthermore, with the inclusion of 35 drop-out cases, a total of 52 patients was investigated for the occurrence of side effects by the LMOX therapy. The findings of these studies are summarized below. The patients were divided into 5 groups on the basis of age: 3 days old or less, 4--7 days, 8--14 days, 15--21 days and 22--28 days. Only in the 8--14 day-old group administered LMOX at 20 mg/kg, the maximum mean plasma concentration of the drug occurred at the time of 15 minutes postadministration, although some individuals showed peaks at 5 minutes. In all of the other age groups, for both the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosages, the maximum plasma concentration of LMOX occurred 5 minutes postinjection. In each of the age groups, a dose response was seen between the 2 dosage levels. However, a comparison of each group and control infants in terms of the LMOX plasma concentration at 30 minutes after injection revealed that the concentrations in the patients in this study were low. In terms of the half-life of the drug at the 2 dosage levels, both the mean and individual values in each of the age groups were longer than the half-lives in control infants. This tendency was especially marked in the case of infants 7 days of age or less. The values for the AUC also tended to be larger in the younger patient groups. A good level of LMOX was detected in the urine during each of the 0--2, 2--4 and 4--6 hour periods following administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics].

The newly developed cefadroxil (CDX) dry syrup in a mean daily dose of 32.9 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. was administered to children for a period of 8 days on the average; viz. a total of 64 cases consisting of 39 cases of tonsillitis, 2 of tonsillitis complicated with otitis media, 1 of bronchitis, 1 of pneumonia, 14 of scarlet fever, and 7 of urinary tract infections; and its clinical and bacteriological effects, and adverse reactions were examined, leading to the following results. 1. The clinical effects were "good" or "excellent" in any of 39 cases of tonsillitis, 2 of tonsillitis complicated with otitis media, 1 of pneumonia, 14 of scarlet fever, and 7 of urinary tract infections, and "fair" only in a case of bronchitis, showing the high efficacy of 98.4%. 2. The clinical effects by daily dose were compared only in the great cases of tonsillitis between the 2 daily dose groups of 30 mg/kg or below and 31 to 40 mg/kg, and both groups showed "good" or "excellent" results, but the latter group revealed that the excellent rate was greater by 20.8% than that of the former group. 3. The frequency of daily administration was 3 times or 4 times and the cases of 4 times administration were few in any disease. In comparison of clinical effects between the 3 times group and the 4 times group in the whole cases, no significant difference was observed between both groups but it is desirable to make the 4 times administration in view of the pharmacokinetics. 4. The bacteriological effects could be judged in 15 cases, namely bacteria were eradicated in 14 cases and unchanged in 1 case, showing a good result of the eradication rate as 93.3%. 5. No adverse reaction was observed and the laboratory test values showed eosinophilia in 7 cases (15.9%) and abnormal elevations of GPT in 1 case (4.5%), of GOT and GPT in 2 case (9.1%), of LDH in 1 case (4.8%) and of BUN in 1 case (4.8%), but 4 of the 7 cases with eosinophilia seemed attributable to underlying diseases or objective diseases. From the above it can be said that this preparation is a useful drug in mild bacterial diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Asplenia and polysplenia syndrome.

This report described the morphological characteristics of seven cases of asplenia syndrome and three of polysplenia syndrome. Each syndrome has been characterized by a tendency for symmetric development of normally asymmetric organs, with varying degrees of cardiovascular anomalies. These latter anomalies are usually present in asplenia syndrome to a greater extent than in polysplenia syndrome. While, as observed in our material, the conotruncal anomalies were present more commonly in cases with asplenia, and absence of inferior vena cava with azygos continuation was seen specifically in all the cases with polysplenia. This evidence implied the presence of some pathogenetic distinction between the two syndromes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Morphological varieties and host ranges of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophages isolated from seawater.

Eighteen bacteriophages lytic for Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from seawater, and their ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. Based on the phage morphology, they were classified in four groups. Group I phages consisted of a hexagonal head and a tail with a contractile sheath. All the phages of the other three groups had a relatively long, noncontractile tail, but there were differences in the head structure among these phages. The phages of groups II and III had a hexagonal head and an elongated polyhedral head, respectively. Group IV phages exhibited a unique hexagonal head with knoblike projections. There appeared to be no correlation between the O and K serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus strains and the host ranges of the phages. The phages had varying sensitivities to heat and organic solvents.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a glucosyltransferase inhibitor on glucan synthesis and cellular adherence of Streptococcus mutans.

The effects of mutastein, a glucosyltransferase inhibitor derived from an Aspergillus terreus strain, on the glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans and sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans cells were examined in vitro. The synthesis of insoluble glucan by crude glucosyltransferase of S. mutans strain B13 was markedly inhibited by mutastein at a final concentration of 10 micrograms of protein/ml. The synthesis of insoluble glucan adherent to glass surfaces was almost completely inhibited by mutastein at this concentration. In addition, mutastein inhibited the sucrose-dependent adherence to glass surfaces of resting and growing cells of various S. mutans strains. These results suggest that mutastein could be useful for controlling dental plaque and dental caries in vivo.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Bile acid absorption kinetics in Crohn's disease on elemental diet after oral administration of a stable-isotope tracer with chenodeoxycholic-11, 12-d2 acid.

A non-radioactive tracer, deuterium, incorporated in chenodeoxycholic acid, was used to study bile acid absorption kinetics employing gas chromatography-mass fragmentography for its analysis. Eight patients with Crohn's disease and four control volunteers were administered chenodeoxycholic-11, 12-d2 acid. In order to obtain constant dietary conditions, they were fed by an elemental diet during the study. There were significant reductions of the biological half-life of chenodeoxycholic-11, 12-d2 acid, the pool size of chenodeoxycholic acid, and the total bile acid pool size in patients with Crohn's disease as compared with those in normal subjects. There was a marked increase in the relative concentration of ursodeoxycholic acid with a concomitant decrease of deoxycholic acid in patients with Crohn's disease, although such differences did not reach statistical significance. The present study confirms that there are some impairments of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in patients with Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Ureteric pain in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Diagnostic approach with ultrasonography and computer tomography.

Chronically hemodialyzed patients who experienced ureteric pain were studied using ultrasonography and computer tomography. 6 of 45 dialysis patients complained of flank, lumbar or lower abdominal pain and 4 of these sonography or computer tomography. Ultrasonography was diagnostically superior to computer tomography. Renal stones were observed in 23 out of 45 cases by computer tomography. Ultrasonographic images of small renal stones were sometimes equivocal as compared with computer tomography, but low density stones, not shown by computer tomography, were shown by ultrasonography in a few cases. Therefore, both methods, in combination, are of great value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic renal stones as well as ureteral obstruction in the contracted kidney.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Novel antigens of oral Actinomyces species prepared from a cell wall enzyme lysate.

Purified cell walls of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii were solubilized by the enzymatic action of Ml N-acetylmuramidase. Soluble cell wall carbohydrate antigens were purified by column chromatography. A purified antigen preparation (fraction C) from A. viscosus ATCC 19246 was found to contain deoxyhexoses (rhamnose and 6-deoxytalose), hexosse (galactose, glucose and mannose), and a peptidoglycan component. This preparation gave a single precipitin band against antiserum to homologous whole cells. Similar antigen preparations were purified from Ml enzyme lysate of A. viscosus SK4 and A. naeslundii ATCC 12104 cell walls.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1982

Effects of exogenous soluble dextrans on insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase.

Production of water-insoluble glucan (ISG) from sucrose by cell-free Streptococcus mutans AHT glucosyltransferase (GTF) first rapidly increased, and then sharply declined, as the amounts of water-soluble Dextrans T20 approximately T500 present, were increased. The decline of ISG synthesis was accompanied by an increased synthesis of the water-soluble fraction (SG). Prolonged incubation, however, induced enhanced synthesis of ISG even at higher dextran concentrations. The concentration of dextran required to stimulate or suppress ISG synthesis depended on the amounts of GTF used, but the extent of the stimulation was almost identical for the same GTF/dextran ratio. Thus, ISG synthesis is stimulated by the presence of dextrans at relatively low concentrations, but retarded at higher concentrations by being shifted to SG synthesis. ISG produced in the presence of dextrans contained higher proportions of alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkage and lower molecular size fractions, and possessed lower viscosity. These ISG products did not exhibit the coalescence of two component fibrils as observed with control ISG. These changes combined may contribute to the reduction of ISG-dependent adherence to glass of S. mutans cells by the presence of soluble dextrans, irrespective of their molecular size and concentration.

Adhesiveness↗