[Clinical use of pranoprofen for the pain following tooth extraction].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Koga
Publications and source records attributed to T Koga.
[Ultrasonographic study of the gastric wall].
Ultrasonographically, the normal gastric wall is delineated in 5 layers, 2 hypoechoic layers and 3 hyperechoic layers. To elucidate the sources of the reflected ultrasonic picture above, we infused India ink into the ultrasonographic wall of the resected human stomach. After the ultrasonographic examination, each stomach was examined histologically, and findings were compared with those of ultrasonography. The results were as follows: Ultrasonographically, an irregular hypoechoic nodule was seen in the 3rd layer, i.e., the middle hyperechoic layer, in cases in which India ink was seen in the submucosal layer histologically. Namely, the ultrasonographic 3rd layer was considered to be consistent with the submucosal layer.
Humans↗
[Experimental and clinical trials of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the field of pediatrics].
MICs of BRL 25000, a combination of a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor CVA and AMPC in the ratio of 1 to 2, were determined against a number of bacterial strains and compared with those of AMPC, CVA, CEX and CCL. The 98 bacterial strains tested included 2-S. aureus, 23-H. influenzae, 25-E. coli, 22-K. pneumoniae and 26-P. mirabilis. In pharmacokinetic studies, BRL 25000 medium granules were administered to groups of 3 male subjects, aged between 7 years 8 months and 9 years 5 months, at doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg, 2 hours after a meal. The resultant serum and urine concentrations and drug recoveries were measured. Furthermore, BRL 25000 was administered to a total 43 patients (2-pharyngitis, 8-tonsillitis, 3-bronchitis, 2-pneumonia and 28-urinary tract infection) whom clinically evaluable. An average daily dosage of 45.3 mg/kg was given, in 3 or 4 divided doses, for a period of 8 days on average. Clinical and bacteriological effects as well as side effects were studied. In the microbiological studies on 98 clinical strains, including beta-lactamase negative bacteria, BRL 25000 showed MICs against the Gram-positive cocci (2-S. aureus) superior to the other 4 drugs at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml. For the Gram-negative bacilli, against H. influenzae at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but superior in the large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to the other 3 drugs. Against E. coli at an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 showed antibacterial activity next to AMPC and CCL whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior in the small MIC range but superior in the large MIC range to AMPC and CEX and was inferior to CCL but superior to CVA. Against K. pneumoniae at an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was equal to AMPC, CVA and CEX but inferior to CCL, whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, it was inferior to CCL but superior to the other 3 drugs. Against P. mirabilis at inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cells/ml, BRL 25000 was inferior in the small MIC range but equal or superior in the large MIC range to AMPC, and was superior to CVA and CEX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Administration, Oral↗
[Clinical trials of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules on skin and soft tissue infections in the field of pediatrics].
BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2. The drug, as medium granules, was administered to a total of 92 pediatric patients, ranging in age from 1 month to 13 years and 2 months, with cutaneous/soft tissue infections (70 impetigo, 6 furuncle, 7 phlegmon, 6 abscess and 3 cases of lymphadenitis). It was found subsequently that 2 of the 70 impetigo cases had received topical antibiotic medication and these were excluded from clinical evaluation to give a total of 90 evaluable cases. The daily dosage of BRL 25000 ranged from 23.7 to 75.0 mg/kg, given in 3 or 4 divided doses (average 48.5 mg/kg) and the duration of treatment was for 3 to 13 days (average 6 days). Clinical isolates of S. aureus from the above cases were examined for beta-lactamase production and their susceptibility determined to the 5 antibiotics BRL 25000, AMPC, CVA, cephalexin (CEX) and cefaclor (CCL). The drugs' clinical effects on the various diseases, bacteriological effects and side effects were also studied. At an inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, major MICs of BRL 25000, AMPC, CVA, CEX and CCL against 71 strains of S. aureus, including beta-lactamase negative ones, were 3.13 mcg/ml, 12.5 mcg/ml, 50 mcg/ml, 12.5 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml, accounting for 60.6, 38.0, 49.3, 38.0 and 43.7% of the strains respectively, whilst at an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, major MICs were 1.56 mcg/ml, 3.13 mcg/ml, 25 mcg/ml, 6.25 mcg/ml and 3.13 mcg/ml, accounting for 57.7, 33.8, 83.1, 50.7 and 54.9%, respectively. It was noted that all drugs tended to show smaller MIC values as the inoculum size was reduced to 10(6) cells/ml and that BRL 25000 showed the most potent antibacterial activity of all 5 drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Administration, Oral↗
[Basic and clinical trials of aztreonam in the field of pediatrics].
Serum and urinary concentrations and recovery rates of aztreonam (SQ26,776, AZT), a newly developed antibiotic, were studied for a total of 20 pediatric cases by one-shot intravenous injections of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, and by intravenous drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases for 1 hour, respectively. Clinical and bacterial effects of AZT were studied by administering 76.7 mg/kg per day on average for a total of 36 cases of tonsillitis (6), pneumonia (13), otitis media and pneumonia complication (1), pleurisy (1), sinusitis (1) and UTI (14). The above daily dose was given t.i.d. (9 cases) or q.i.d. (27 cases), by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes for one t.i.d. case and by one-shot intravenous injection for 7 days for the remaining 35 cases. Also, side effect and laboratory values were examined for 43 cases including 7 dropouts. Serum concentration of AZT in 10 pediatric cases were measured by dosing 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by one-shot intravenous injection to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In every dosage group, the serum concentrations were highest 5 minutes after the intravenous injection with average values of 91.0, 174.0 and 175.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Dose response was observed between 10 mg/kg dose group and 20, 40 mg/kg dose groups, but it was not between 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group. This was considered to be attributable to the individual case-fluctuations in the 2 groups and to a high concentration case of 240.0 mcg/ml in the 20 mg/kg group. Half-life of each dosage group was 1.55, 1.65 and 1.93 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT in 10 pediatric cases at the dosage level of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were highest at the end of the administration with average values of 95.7, 126.0 and 170.7 mcg/ml, respectively. There was a dose response among the 3 groups and the half-life of them were 1.02, 1.41 and 2.48 hours, respectively. A longer half-life of the 3rd group with 40 mg/kg administration than the other 2 groups was due to 1 particular case of 4.44 hours with unknown cause of such an exceptional extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20 children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4 mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop-out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes. The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0 approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Amoxicillin↗
[Influence of ceftriaxone on bacterial flora in human feces].
Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a newly developed antibiotic agent, was administered at 1,000 mg intravenously twice a day for 5 days to 7 healthy volunteers aged 21 to 26, weighing 61 to 79 kg (mean: 67.7 kg). The fecal bacterial flora was examined and the fecal level of CTRX was determined before, on 3 and 5 days after starting the administration, and on 3, 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration. At the same time, various bacteria isolated from the collected fecal specimens were studied for the sensitivity to CTRX, CEZ, CMZ and CTX. Adverse reactions and influence on various clinical laboratory parameters of CTRX were also examined. The results were as follows. Fecal bacterial flora: Enterobacteriaceae was at the level of 10(5) to 10(8) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g) before starting the administration. The bacteria were detected from none of the 7 subjects on 5 days after starting the administration and on 3 days after terminating the administration. On 10 days after terminating the administration, the bacteria were detected in 6 out of 7 subjects at the level of 10(3) to 10(7) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g). The level was the same as before starting the administration as a whole, but it had not been recovered to the initial level in any individual subject. With regard to other Gram-negative bacilli, P. aeruginosa which was isolated from none of the 7 subjects before starting the administration was detected at the level of 10(2) to 10(6) cells/g in 1 or 2 subjects on 3 days after starting, and on 3, 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration. Concerning Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus sp. was isolated at the level of 10(3) to 10(4) cells/g in 3 subjects before starting the administration. The detection rate was decreased after starting the administration; it was detected in 2 and 1 subjects on 3 and 5 days after starting the administration, respectively, and in 1 subject on 3 days after terminating the administration. Then the detection rate was gradually increased; i.e., in 3 and 5 subjects on 5 and 10 days after terminating the administration, respectively. The level became gradually higher from on 5 days after terminating the administration than before starting the administration. Enterococcus sp. was isolated at the level of 10(5) to 10(8) cells/g (mean: 10(7) cells/g) in all of the 7 subjects before starting the administration. It was was detected in 1 and 4 subjects on 3 and 5 days, respectively, after starting the administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Fundamental and clinical studies on intravenous drip infusion of dibekacin in the pediatric field].
Dibekacin (DKB), an antibiotic of aminoglycoside group, was administered at 4 different dosages of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg as intravenous drip infusion taking 30 minutes or 1 hour. For each dose level, 3 cases each were used out of 24 boys from 1 year and 1 month to 14 years and 7 months of age, and serum concentrations as well as urinary concentrations and recovery rate were determined. After removed of 4 cases unassessable of therapeutic efficacy, 7 cases consisting of 1 case of chronic bronchitis, 1 case of lung abscess and 5 cases of urinary tract infections were treated with DKB at a mean daily dosage of 3.3 mg/kg in 2 or 3 divided doses as intravenous drip infusion taking 30 minutes or 1 hour. The mean treatment period was 7 days. The clinical and bacteriological results were analyzed in these cases and for analysis of side effects drop out cases were also included. The following results were obtained. Following 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion of DKB at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, the serum concentration peaked at the end of infusion for all dose levels. The highest peak concentration of 9.17 mcg/ml was obtained for the dose level of 2.0 mg/kg. The highest dosage with which serum concentration does not exceed concentrations of 10 to 12 mcg/ml was found to be 2.0 mg/kg. The mean highest serum concentrations obtained were 1.65, 3.49, 5.40 and 8.67 mcg/ml for the dosages of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively, and the mean AUCs determined by the two-compartment model were 2.99, 6.04, 10.5 and 14.2 mcg X hr/ml, respectively, showing dose response relation in terms of peak concentration and AUC among groups. The mean T1/2 values for each dosage were 1.55, 1.54, 1.77 and 2.03 hours, respectively, with a longer tendency in T1/2 for the dose level of 2.0 mg/kg with unknown cause. When 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg of DKB were infused taking 1 hour, the peak of serum concentration appeared also at the end of the infusion. The highest concentration was obtained with 2.0 mg/kg and it was 7.02 mcg/ml. Considering from the concentrations obtained for 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg groups the highest dosage at which the serum concentration does not exceed 10 to 12 mcg/ml was estimated to be 2.5 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Effect of aztreonam on bacterial flora in human feces].
Aztreonam (AZT), a new injectable monobactam antibiotic, was administered to 7 healthy male volunteers, aged 21-28 years (23 years, on average) and weighing 60.5-87.0 kg, (69.5 kg, on average) by one shot intravenous injection of 1,000 mg twice a day for 5 days. The effect of AZT on the fecal flora was studied 3 days before administration, on the day of the initiation, 3 and 5 days (end of the administration course) after the initiation, and 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of the administration. Fecal concentration of AZT was also studied. Also, fecal concentration and recovery rate of AZT in 4 healthy male volunteers aged 23-31 years (26 years, on average), weighing 59.5-70.5 kg (65.6 kg, on average) were measured by injecting 1,000 mg of AZT by intravenous injection only one time. Susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from the 7 cases receiving consecutive dosage to AZT, cefmetazole (CMZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ) and ceftazidime (CAZ) as well as side effect and laboratory values were examined with the following results. In the fecal flora, the population of Enterobacteriaceae on average was 10(7) cells/g feces on the day of the initiation and decreased by 2 logarithms to 10(5) cells/g 3 days after the initiation, 10(5) cells/g feces 5 days after the initiation with no bacterial isolation in 2 cases, 10(7) cells/g feces on 3 and 5 days after the end of administration respectively with recovery of the population to the average population on the day of the initiation. However, it increased 10 days after the end of administration with the population of 10(9) cells/g feces due to the isolation of one 10(10) cells/g feces, which was an increase by 2 logarithms as compared with average population before the administration. It was also higher than the average population 3 days before the initiation of administration. Temporal decrease or disappearance of the bacteria were noted by the administration of AZT. As to other cases of Gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas sp. was detected from only 2 cases 3 days before the initiation of administration and on the day of the initiation, but there was an increase to 4 and 5 cases 3 and 5 days after the initiation respectively. Number of isolation returned to 2 cases, 3, 5 and 10 days after the end of administration respectively and it was same as the number before the initiation of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adult↗
Augmentation of the proliferative response of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin by the muramyl dipeptide1.
A synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine or muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and adjuvant-active analogs, but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibited the augmenting effect on the proliferative response of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). MDP also had a comitogenic effect on PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes. It was shown that the thymocyte-stimulating effect of MDP is not through the production of the monikines by MDP-stimulated macrophages and that MDP has a direct action on lymphocytes.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
Release of Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial store site in peritoneal macrophages treated with saponin by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
The effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, prepared from human erythrocyte ghosts, on Ca2+ release from intracellular store sites were studied in saponin-treated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Micromolar concentrations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate released Ca2+ within 1 min from store sites which had accumulated Ca2+ in the presence of 10 mM-NaN3. In the presence of 10 mM-NaN3, the Ca2+ accumulated in the presence of oxalate was seen in the endoplasmic reticulum of saponin-treated macrophages by electron microscopy, indicating that the site of Ca2+ released by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate may be endoplasmic reticulum-like membranes. When the concentrations of free Ca2+ were over 3.5 X 10(-6) M, the release of Ca2+ by this agent was inhibited. This inhibition may be due to either the higher concentration of extra-vesicular free Ca2+ or the larger accumulation of Ca2+ into the store site or perhaps both effects. MgCl2 also had an inhibitory effect on the Ca2+ release. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate also released Ca2+ from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, but not from erythrocyte inside-out vesicles.
Animals↗
Effect of cAMP-elevating drugs on Ca2+ efflux and actin polymerization in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with N-formyl chemotactic peptide.
To investigate intracellular cAMP inhibitory mechanisms related to migration of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages, we examined the effects of cAMP-elevating drugs on the Ca2+ efflux and actin polymerization in macrophages stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe, a chemotactic peptide. The stimulation with 1 X 10(-8) M fMet-Leu-Phe enhanced the Ca2+ efflux, and induced actin polymerization. Dibutyryl cAMP, theophylline and papaverine, which continuously increased the levels of intracellular cAMP, inhibited the enhancement of Ca2+ efflux and induction of actin polymerization by fMet-Leu-Phe. On the other hand, isoproterenol, which transiently increased the cAMP level, inhibited only the early phase of Ca2+ efflux and not the actin polymerization. As additions of both cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase did not modify the Ca2+ uptake of phagocytic vesicles, the inhibition of Ca2+ efflux by these drugs may be due to the inhibition of the Ca2+ release from the intracellular store site(s). The cAMP-elevating drugs increased the monomeric actin content without change in the total actin content, indicating an induction of the depolymerization of filamentous actin. From these findings, we conclude that the inhibition of macrophage migration induced by cAMP may be due to the inhibition of both the increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and actin polymerization. Furthermore, the intracellular levels of cAMP probably play a role in regulating actin states in the macrophages.
Actins↗
Demonstration of p35 in hairy cell leukemia of Japanese patients.
Using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), several coworkers isolated a unique membrane protein that they named p35 from hairy cells of white patients with hairy cell leukemia. In the current study using a similar technique, p35 was identified in hairy cells from 2 of 4 Japanese patients with hairy cell leukemia. Further, p35 was immunoprecipitated from the leukemic membrane proteins of one of these two Japanese patients with an anti-hairy cell serum prepared against hairy cells of a typical white patient. Because both Japanese and white patients share the unique membrane antigen, it is proposed that the Japanese have the hairy cell leukemia as whites despite some differences in laboratory features.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Inter-serotype comparison of polysaccharides produced by extracellular enzymes from Streptococcus mutans.
The biochemical and morphological characteristics of polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by extracellular enzymes from D-glucose-grown Streptococcus mutans representing serotypes a-g were compared. The polysaccharides synthesized by the enzymes from serotypes a, d, and g formed visible aggregates and firmly adhered to glass surfaces, whereas those formed by the enzymes from serotypes b, c, e, and f floated homogeneously and were poorly adherent. The enzymes of serotypes a, d, and g produced large amounts of water-insoluble polysaccharides (IPs, D-glucans), and those of serotypes b, c, e, and f water-soluble polysaccharides (SPs, D-glucans and D- fructans ). As compared with the IPs of serotypes b, c, e, and f, the IPs of serotypes a, d, and g (a) contained a higher proportion of (1----3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages and alpha-D-(1----3,6) branch linkages; (b) showed higher susceptibility to (1----3)-alpha-D-glucanase (serotype a excepted) and lower (1----6)-alpha-D-glucanase sensitivity; (c) contained larger amounts of high-molecular-weight fractions; (d) showed higher intrinsic viscosities (serotype b excepted); and (e) had lower S. mutans cell-agglutination activities. On electron-microscope observation, the IPs of all serotypes showed two fibrillar components; a double-stranded fibril, with short, fluffy protrusions extending out of its periphery, and a fine, single-stranded fibril. Thus, the serotypes could be divided into two major groups: a, d, and g; and b, c, e, and f. No similar grouping of serotypes was indicated by the chemical and morphological properties of SPs.
Polysaccharides↗
Effects of dietary butter fat on fecal bile acid excretion in patients with Crohn's disease on elemental diet.
The excretion rate of fecal bile acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in nine patients with Crohn's disease and six healthy volunteers under two dietary conditions with different amounts of fat: during nasoduodenal tube feeding with a fat-restricted elemental diet containing approximately 1.5 g/day of fat, and during the addition of 50 g/day of butterfat by peroral administration. The fecal bile acid excretion rate on the elemental diet was significantly greater in the patients with Crohn's disease than in the healthy controls. With ingestion of the additional fat, the excretion rate was significantly increased in the patients with Crohn's disease, but not significantly changed in the healthy controls. The bile acid excretion rate in Crohn's disease correlated with fecal fat excretion, but not with either fecal weight or disease activity. These studies show that the amount of dietary fat represents an important consideration in the evaluation of bile acid malabsorption in Crohn's disease.
Adolescent↗
Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection on delayed footpad reaction to Listeria monocytogenes.
The role of peritoneal macrophages induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the induction of immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in mice. The peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with BCG 14 days previously contained a high proportion of Ia-bearing macrophages (approximately 56%) and the cells showed not only a high level of listericidal activity but also a strong ability for presentation of listerial antigen to Listeria-immune T cells. An intraperitoneal inoculation with a low dose of Listeria, which can induce the maximal level of delayed footpad reaction (DFR) and positive migration inhibitory activity of macrophages in untreated mice, did not induce a detectable level of such responses in BCG-treated mice. The bacterial growth at an early stage of infection was suppressed by scavenger macrophages in these mice. On the other hand, BCG-treated mice showed the early development of DFR and macrophage migration inhibitory activity after an inoculation with a high dose of Listeria. It is revealed in transfer experiments that Listeria-pulsed peritoneal exudate cells induced by BCG elicited the highest level of DFR and positive migration inhibition of macrophages in normal mice at the earlier period of injection compared with Listeria-pulsed resident peritoneal cells. These results suggested that the increased activities of macrophages acting as scavenger cells and as antigen-presenting cells play important roles in the modification of immune responses to Listeria in BCG-treated mice.
Animals↗
An inhibitor of lipoxygenase, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, shortens actin filaments.
An inhibitor of lipoxygenase of arachidonic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, shortens actin filaments, as judged by electron microscopic observation of negatively stained actin filaments, actin sedimentability and measurement of specific viscosity, at concentrations that inhibit the migration of phagocytic cells. At higher concentrations (more than 10 microM) nordihydroguaiaretic acid strikingly inhibits myosin ATPase activity. Thus nordihydroguaiaretic acid has a severe side effect on the cytoskeleton.
Actins↗
Changes of intracellular free Ca2+ in macrophages following N-formyl chemotactic peptide stimulation. Direct measurement by the loading of quin 2.
The changes in the intracellular free Ca2+ in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages induced by N-formyl chemotactic peptides were examined using a fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, quin 2. The ATP contents of quin 2-loaded macrophages were also examined. The intracellular free Ca2+ was immediately raised about 4-fold by the addition of chemotactic peptides both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, and returned to the basal level within 6 min. A mitochondrial uncoupler had no effect on basal free Ca2+ concentration and the increase in intracellular free Ca2+ induced by chemotactic peptides. A23187 increased the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and minimized the increase by chemotactic peptides. Chlorpromazine also gradually increased the basal level, in agreement with our previous report that this drug induced Ca2+ release from the store sites. The results indicate that the increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ induced by chemotactic peptides is due to Ca2+ release from the membraneous store site(s), other than mitochondria. Extracellular Ca2+ was raised by the addition of a chemotactic peptide, when assayed in free Ca2+-free saline using quin 2. The second addition of the chemotactic peptide, after the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration had returned to the basal level, was ineffective. Recovery of the free Ca2+ change induced by chemotactic peptide was observed only when the macrophages were freshly incubated in Ca2+-containing saline for more than 20 min at 37 degrees C. These results suggest that the Ca2+ released from the store site(s) may be effluxed through the plasma membrane. Quin 2 loaded in macrophages may interfere with mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗