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Biomedical subjects

T Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kodama.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Morphological behavior of carcinoma of the pancreas. 1. Histological classification and electron microscopical observation.

A total of 84 autopsied and 10 operative pancreatic carcinoma cases were studied to investigate their morphological behavior, by light and electron microscopies. The autopsied materials were classified into 70 duct cell carcinomas, 11 undifferentiated carcinomas including 2 giant cell carcinomas simulating giant cell tumor of bone, and 3 endocrine cell carcinomas which might be called carcinoid or oat cell carcinoma. No acinar cell carcinoma was found. Duct cell carcinomas were further subclassified into 37 large and 24 small duct-forming adenocarcinomas, 8 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 1 cystadenocarcinoma. The majority of undifferentiated carcinomas were considered to be of ductal or ductular cell origin. Rare tumors, such as cystadenocarcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, and endocrine cell carcinoma, were shown as case presentations. Electron microscopic features of duct cell carcinoma and its related findings were also presented. These studies should be pursued, because it may be important clinically and disclose, in the future, possible differences in etiology or effective therapeutic agents among the categories, although the classification, made from a viewpoint of histogenesis, did not reflect prognostic differences at the present.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Case of Borrmann III stomach cancer effectively treated by UFT therapy (co-administration of uracil and futraful)].

Through X-ray and endoscopic examination of stomach, a 77 year-old man, who complained of epigastralgia, he was diagnosed to have Borrmann III type gastric carcinoma on the antrum. The gastric biopsy specimen obtained from the tumor revealed to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Since the patient refused receiving surgical treatment, a combined administration of futraful and uracil (UFT therapy) was performed. 4 weeks after receiving UFT therapy, the patient became less aware of subjective symptom and the gastrofiberscopic picture showed smaller mass lesion compared to that of prior to the treatment. 8 weeks later, the tumor was remarkable reducing its size. When compared 14 cases of gastric carcinoma receiving UFT therapy with 26 cases receiving Futraful therapy (FT therapy), the UFT group responded more effectively than the FT group. In the UFT therapy, complete (CR) and partial response (PR) were obtained in 4 of 13 cases of gastric carcinoma with an effective rate of 30.8% according to the response criteria proposed by the Koyama-Saitoh group and with a Karnofsky scale of IA or better in 6 (42.8%) of 14 cases. On the other hand, in the FT therapy CR and PR were obtained in 5 of 26 cases with that of 19.2%, while a Karnofsky scale of IA or better was achieved in 6 (23.1%). As for 3 cases of PR in the UFT therapy the microscopic view of the biopsy specimen from gastric carcinoma showed well differentiated adenocarcinoma, which responded to the UFT therapy remarkably 4-5 weeks after receiving UFT therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Establishment and characterization of a transplantable rat myelomonocytic leukemia.

A transplantable myelomonocytic leukemia was established from a leukemia of a WKA/Hok rat which had been inoculated with Rauscher virus at birth. The tumor grew in ascites form in normal syngeneic rats and, after the middle stage of i.p. transplantation, leukemia cells consisting of a mixed population of monocytic and granulocytic cells were observed in the peripheral blood. A complement-dependent cytotoxicity test failed to demonstrate Rauscher virus-related antigen on the tumor cell surface. Membrane marker analysis revealed that most of the tumor cells possessed receptors for both complement and neuraminidase-treated sheep RBC. More than 90% of ascitic tumor cells displayed phagocytic activity and a positive nonspecific esterase reaction. Serum from rats bearing this tumor contained high levels of muramidase. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells resembled both immature and mature cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. On serial transplantation into the peritoneal cavity, the tumor displayed consistent differentiation from undifferentiated blast cells to monocytes and cells indistinguishable from granulocytes. The karyotype analysis revealed that the modal number of chromosomes of the tumor cells was 81, and no structural abnormalities of chromosomes were observed after quinacrine mustard staining. This transplantable leukemia will provide a useful experimental model for the study of granulocyte-monocyte differentiation and for human myelomonocytic leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies on immune response in human lung cancers.

Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Center of Japan were studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies (B1, B2, Leu4, Leu3a, Leu2a, Leu7, OKT6, OKM1, OKI1, OKT9) with special reference to infiltrating lymphocytes and histiocytes. The histological types of these cases were: 14 squamous cell carcinomas; 23 adenocarcinomas; four adenosquamous carcinomas; three large cell carcinomas; one small cell carcinoma with areas of large cell component; one carcinoid; and four nonneoplastic focal lesions. A large number of lymphocytes and histiocytes was present in the tumor stroma, especially in papillary adenocarcinoma, in which close association between increased OKT6-positive T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and proliferation of Leu3a-positive helper-inducer T-lymphocytes was conspicuous. B1-positive primary follicles were occasionally associated with proliferation of Leu3a-positive T-lymphocytes. These features correlated to regional lymph node reaction. Leu7-positive natural killer cells were present sparsely, and there was no suggestion of any significant contact with either neoplastic cells or inflammatory cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Morphological lesions of the pancreatic ducts. Significance of pyloric gland metaplasia in carcinogenesis of exocrine and endocrine pancreas.

Morphological lesions of the pancreatic ducts were studied in 113 control autopsy cases, and 84 cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma. The lesions were classified into pyloric gland metaplasia, focal pseudo-proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, and atypical proliferation. Diabetes mellitus or glycosuria, alcohol intake, and smoking do not seem to have any close associations with these lesions or pancreatic carcinoma. Pyloric-gland and squamous metaplasias were found at nearly comparable incidences both in control and carcinoma cases, but marked atypical proliferations, which were indistinguishable from carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma, were more frequently observed in the carcinoma cases. Pyloric gland metaplasia was the most common among the various lesions, and considered to represent nonspecific change of the pancreatic duct. However, it was suggested that some of the metaplastic lesions might be transformed into atypical proliferations and further into carcinoma in situ. The expected latent period from the appearance of in situ lesion to overt pancreatic carcinoma may be a clue to early diagnosis and effective surgical treatment, but possible multiplicity of carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma even at its early stage will burden further problems on its treatment. On rare occasions, argyrophil cells were found in the pyloric gland metaplasia, and its significance was discussed in relation to the genesis of Zollinger-Ellison tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Results of radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix].

Fifty-four patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri were treated with external irradiation and high-dose intracavitary irradiation according to their clinical stage. The 4-year relative survival rate was 86.6% in stage I patients, 77.9% in stage II, 55.4% in stage III and 0% in stage IV. The incidence of radiation injury was: perforation of the intestine, 2 cases; vesico-vaginal fistula, 2 cases; recto-vaginal fistula one case; stenosis of the rectum or sigmoid, 2 cases. This suggests that severe complications may occur in reirradiated cases or cases irradiated with more than 7 fractions of intracavitary irradiation. The optimal radiation dose seemed to be 2,400 to 3,000 rad at point A with a fraction dose of 600 rad a week, combined with whole pelvis irradiation of 3,000 to 4,000 rad.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Acromegaly and spinal canal stenosis].

A rare case of acromegaly with radiculomyelopathy due to spinal canal stenosis is reported. A long history of acromegalic deformity was seen on this 55 years old acupuncture therapist for the last 18 years, while he had developed unusually increased appetite, profuse perspiration and gained weight. Fifteen years ago, acromegalic tendency became prominent and was accompanied by low back and knee pain. In 1974 CB-154 was administered in several occasions beside 4000 rads irradiation to the sella. After radiation therapy was completed his outlook was somewhat improved, although low back pain was aggravated and associated with atrophy of the left lower extremity. The neurological examination at admission in 1980 revealed acromegalic feature, increased DTRs on both upper and lower extremities, dysesthesia of feet and atrophy of the leg muscles in general, mainly due to diffuse atrophy. Patient bended knees due to pain and unable to walk. He had radiating pain in the postero-lateral aspect of the left lower extremity and some dysesthesia of feet, although no specific root lesion was identifiable. Spinal roentgenograms disclosed diffuse ossification of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, and marked spondylotic changes. Although the low back pain was impending complaint of the patient, the hypophyseal tumor was advised to remove and transsphenoidal hypophyseal adenomectomy was performed. A good amount of softend tumor tissue was removed however, adenoma found markedly fibrotic. Low back pain and knee were decreased gradually, but intermittent claudication was evident. Acromegaly in association with spinal canal stenosis were reviewed in literature, and the relationship of growth hormone and therapeutic problems were discussed.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1983

Changes in aminolevulinate synthase and aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in cirrhotic liver.

Delta-Aminolevulinate synthase and delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activities were determined in liver biopsy specimens obtained from 12 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Delta-Aminolevulinate synthase activity was determined by the incorporation of [1,4-14C]succinyl coenzyme A into delta-aminolevulinate. The mean activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase was significantly higher in cirrhotic liver specimens (mean +/- SE, 193.7 +/- 34.5 picomoles delta-aminolevulinate per milligram protein per 30 minutes) than in controls with minimal histologic changes (32.7 +/- 13.6, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the mean activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase was higher in micronodular cirrhosis (281.6 +/- 58.8) than in the other types of cirrhosis (131.0 +/- 23.1, p less than 0.05). Levels of indocyanine green retention at 15 min correlated with the activity of hepatic delta-aminolevulinate synthase (p less than 0.05). The mean activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, in contrast, was significantly lower in cirrhotic liver specimens (9.4 +/- 1.3 nanomoles porphobilinogen per milligram protein per hour) than in controls (22.0 +/- 2.6, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the extent of liver injury or the degree of portosystemic shunting, or both, influence the rate of hepatic heme biosynthesis.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1983

[Immunomorphologic responses of regional lymph nodes and prognosis in patients with stage Ia pulmonary adenocarcinoma].

The relationship between postoperative prognosis and the immunomorphologic response of regional lymph nodes was examined in 50 patients with stage Ia peripheral bronchial adenocarcinoma and compared with 22 patients in stage Ib and II. Regarding paracortical lymphocyte hyperplasia, the prognosis of the responsive group in patients with stage Ia was significantly better than that of the non-responsive group; however, no definite relationship was found between follicular hyperplasia and prognosis. Follicular hyperplasia correlated with the size of the primary lesion or the distance from the site of the primary lesion. In stage Ib and II cases with metastasis to the pulmonary hilar lymph nodes, paracortical lymphocyte hyperplasia or follicular hyperplasia had no relation to the postoperative prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Calorimetric evidence for large entropy changes accompanying intermediate steps of the ATP-driven Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle was studied by microcalorimetry in parallel with measuring the extent of hydrolysis and the level of the phosphorylated intermediate (E approximately P) of the Ca2+-ATPase in the reaction medium containing 100 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 20 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid/KOH (pH 7.1). During the first few turnovers of the enzyme catalytic cycle, when an appreciable amount of E approximately P is still present, the observed heat is much smaller than the heat expected from the amount of ATP hydrolyzed. Since the accompanying Ca2+ uptake, inclusive of Ca2+ binding to internal sites, is associated with very little heat change (Kodama, T., Kurebayashi, N., and Ogawa, Y. (1980) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 88, 1259-1265), this result indicates that the formation of E approximately P is endothermic and hence driven by a large increase in entropy. The overall exothermicity of the ATP hydrolysis is brought about by the subsequent, strongly exothermic decomposition of E approximately P.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Possible functional coupling of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to microsomal electron transport system in rat kidney and liver.

Intrarenal distributions of cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, microsomal hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, mixed-function oxidases and cytochrome P-450, and effects of phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene, fasting, castration and sex hormones on the hepatic and renal enzyme activities were examined in an attempt to elucidate the as yet unknown function of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results show that there is a similarity between hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase with respect to the intrarenal distribution and the responsiveness to various treatments, thus suggesting functional coupling of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to microsomal electron transport system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in a Japanese family: evidence for functionally defective enzyme in homozygotes and obligate heterozygotes.

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass and activity were measured in a Japanese family with familial LCAT deficiency. The two LCAT-deficient subjects had LCAT mass approximately 40-46% of normal (2.65 and 2.31 micrograms/ml respectively, as compared with normal levels of 5.76 +/- 0.95 microgram/ml in 19 Japanese subjects) and enzyme activity less than 10% of normal (9.1 and 8.3 nmol/h/ml respectively, as compared with normal levels of 100 nmol/h/ml). All obligate heterozygotes examined, including the father of the two LCAT-deficient subjects, and all five children of the deficient subjects had LCAT mass approximately 72-80% of the normal LCAT mass (4.12, 4.38, 4.45, 4.48, 4.49, 4.61 micrograms/ml, respectively) and LCAT activity approximately half normal (51.9, 52.4, 54.2, 56.6, and 57.2 nmol/h/ml). We conclude that the two LCAT-deficient subjects of this family have functionally defective enzyme. Furthermore, the data suggest that the plasma of the obligate heterozygotes contain both normal and functionally defective enzymes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinicopathological studies of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome complicated with chronic hepatitis.

Eleven patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) were studied clinicopathologically. In three patients with DJS, concomitant chronic hepatitis was observed. They showed long-standing jaundice with the symptoms of general fatigue and anorexia. Laboratory tests revealed mild hypertransaminasemia, elevated serum bilirubin (over 5.0 mg/dl) and a high level of serum Bromsulphalein (BSP) retention at 45 min (above 18%). Two patients complicated with chronic hepatitis showed a rather slow secondary rise in the BSP excretion curve in comparison with the patients who had no complication. One patient accompanied with the most severe fibrosis showed no secondary rise in the BSP excretion curve. After the treatment of the patient with phenobarbital, however, a secondary rise in the BSP excretion curve appeared and the serum BSP level was also significantly decreased at all points on the BSP excretion curve. Histological examination of the liver revealed the decreased number of the Dubin-Johnson pigments in the patients complicated with chronic hepatitis. Laparoscopically, a patient with a chronic aggressive hepatitis showed a dark gray decololization of the liver surface and another patient with a chronic aggressive hepatitis showed a black color of the liver surface with partial nodule formation.

Adult↗