Biomedical subjects

T Kobayasi

Publications and source records attributed to T Kobayasi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Influences of sex and age on serum ascorbic acid.

The concentrations of total ascorbic acid, reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbic acid, the ESR intensity of ascorbate radical, and the ratio of oxidized form of ascorbic acid to total ascorbic acid (DAsA/AsA) were estimated on 217 healthy controls, whose ages ranged from 12 to 96 years, in order to examine influences of sex and age. The concentration of total ascorbic acid was higher in females than in males throughout all age classes, but the oxidized form did not show a sex difference. Then it was found that the reduced form was higher in females than in males throughout all age classes. The concentrations of total ascorbic acid and reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbic acid, and the ESR intensity declined with age, but the DAsA/AsA ratio increased with age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Bullous acrodermatitis due to zinc deficiency during total parenteral nutrition: an ultrastructural study of the epidermal changes.

A 5 1/2-year-old girl with idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction became severely depleted of zinc during total parenteral nutrition and developed a vesico-bullous rash on face, hands and feet such as is seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Light and electron microscopy of a bullous lesion on one foot revealed a pronounced extracellular edema with cyst and cleft formation in the deep part of the epidermis. A few acantholytic cells were seen. In the electron microscope degenerate keratinocytes showed multiple vacuoles in the dark cytoplasm and slender, finger-like protrusions. Desmosomes were few. The basal lamina was well-preserved forming deep invaginations, which may serve to distinguish the condition from other bullous diseases of the skin.

Acrodermatitis↗

PubMed1983

Xanthogranuloma juvenile: a case report.

A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in a female newborn infant is reported. Red-brown, flat, well-demarcated lesions were present at birth on her scalp, face and trunk. During the following year of observation the eruptions regressed slowly and spontaneously. Light and electron microscopy revealed histiocytes and Touton giant cells dominating the dermal cell infiltrate. The Touton cells contained bizarre invaginated nuclei, lysosomes, a granular endoplasmic reticulum, and cholesterol clefts in their cytoplasm. No fat droplets were seen.

Female↗

PubMed1983

Nerve changes in morphea.

Thirty-nine peripheral nerves in dermis of 12 morphea patients were analysed for ultrastructural changes. Changes found in the mesenchymal parts of the nerves, i.e. epi-, peri- and endoneurium, were myxedematous changes, collagen fibril degradation, cell infiltration and abnormal fibrosis. The infiltrating cells were lymphocytes and plasma cells as well as mast cells and myofibroblast. Perineural cells were assumed to be one of the origins of myofibroblasts. The axons and the Schwann cells showed slight signs of degeneration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Local panatrophy with linear distribution: a clinical, ultrastructural and biochemical study.

A young female with local panatrophy of the right-side extremities affecting all mesodermal layers--dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and bone--is described. The atrophies were strictly linear. Ultrastructurally, collagen fibrils of the reticular dermis from the atrophic area consisted of two types, a large population of fibrils with decreased diameter and round cut-surface, and a small population with increased diameter and a "flower-like" cut-surface. Collagen analysis revealed a reduced hydroxyproline concentration and content per mm2 skin in atrophic area as compared with the perilesional and regional control. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was normal. Glycosaminoglycan analysis showed a less reduced content of hexosamine and uronic acid in the atrophic area per mm2 skin, but no differences in the concentrations. Consistently, the gel/fibre ratio (uronic acid/hydroxyproline) was found slightly elevated in atrophic skin. The proportions of the individual glycosaminoglycans heparin, dermatan sulphate, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphates were not affected. It is concluded that reduced collagen and ultrastructural changes of collagen fibrils are significant features in local panatrophy. The significance of local foetal factors affecting the somatic mesoderm is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Desmosome formation in normal human epidermal cell culture.

Keratinocytes were dissociated from normal human adult epidermis with clostridial collagenase, dithio-erythritol and trypsin, and cultured. Immediately after this, no connection was seen between contiguous cells. Ruptured desmosomes, with masses of tonofilaments and distinct attachment plaques were still left on the cell surface. As culture proceeded, however, they became internalized into cytoplasm. As soon as culture was started and the cells established contact with each other, forming conglomerates, they began to form desmosomes. The cell membranes of a limited area which were in contact with neighbouring cells became thicker and formed attachment plaques. In the intercellular space of the desmosomal portion, fine filaments developed and a midline formed. The progress of desmosome formation was classified into six types.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed1982

Acantholysis induced by proteolytic enzymes. I. Porcine pancreatic elastase.

In an attempt to induce acantholysis in cultivated normal human epidermis, porcine pancreatic elastase was used. After 30 minutes, the intercellular contact layers of desmosomes appeared discontinuous. Following the disappearance of the intercellular filamentous structures, desmosomes ruptured into two, and in 3 hours, typical acantholysis was observed. After 15 minutes, prior to the desmosomal changes, dermo-epidermal separation started at the subepidermal space. After 2 hours of elastase influence, anchoring filaments and the basal lamina were degraded. Five hours from the start of culture, the anchoring fibrils remained undigested by elastase. The mechanism of elastase influence on epidermis is assumed to depend rather on its proteolytic activity than on its elastolytic activity.

Acantholysis↗

PubMed1982

Acantholysis induced by proteolytic enzymes. II. Enzyme fractions produced by Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes produces three enzyme fractions of molecular weight 65,000, 92,000 and 18,000, respectively. Normal human skin was cultivated and the specimens were subjected to electron microscopy. Enzyme fraction I showed the capacity to induce epidermal acantholysis and dermo-epidermal separation, while the other two fractions showed no proteolytic nor keratinolytic action in cultivated skin.

Acantholysis↗

PubMed1982

Treponema pallidum in peripheral nerve tissue of syphilitic chancres.

Biopsies for electron microscopy were obtained from syphilitic chancres of 7 patients, 6 males and one female. In 4 of the patients, Treponemata pallida were seen gathering around peripheral nerves and invading the spaces between Schwann cells and their basal lamina. No definite degenerative changes were seen in the axons. In all patients, Treponemata pallida were gathering around the small blood vessels. The fine structure of Treponema pallidum in the lesions included a twined cytoplasmic cylinder with an inner and an outer lamina, an axial fibril consisting of three to five parallel filaments, each consisting of six microtubules, and a covering, outpouching periplastic membrane.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Lichen aureus: a case report.

Lichen aureus (LA) is a distinctive, rare disease occurring predominantly in males, characterized by solitary rust- or copper-coloured patches of lichenoid micropapules, often present on fingers and calves. A case of LA in a 41-year-old male is presented. Biopsy revealed the characteristic pattern of LA, including a dense dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes containing haemosiderin. No epidermal changes were present.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Desmosomes in pemphigus vegetans.

Desmosomes of a patient suffering from pemphigus vegetans were studied by electron microscopy and analysed by morphometry, The desmosomes were fewer in the patient's skin than in healthy individuals. The desmosomes of the patient were thin and short, showing pathological ultrastructures, viz. lack of median lines, single-sided attachment plaques and direct cell contact with some thickened cell membranes. These desmosomal changes were more manifest in the involved than in the uninvolved skin. The changes suggest deterioration or defective formation of desmosomes in pemphigus vegetans.

Desmosomes↗

PubMed1981

Size of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in normal human epidermis.

The dimensions of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in normal human epidermis, i.e. their length and thickness, were studied in ordinary ultrathin sections. The length of desmosomes in the inner and middle squamous cell layer was 310 nm and 300 nm, while the thickness was 31 nm and 30 nm, respectively. In the outer squamous cell layer the values increased to 340 nm and 35 nm, respectively. The percentage total desmosomal length in relation to the perimeter of a cell showed the same tendency.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva (Miescher-Leder)].

A case of granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva in a 75-year-old diabetic is reported. The dermatosis which was successfully treated with a high-potent local steroid preparation, today is regarded as a granulomatous variety of necrobiosis lipoidica. The present case shows, as originally described by Miescher and Leder, that the clinical findings as well as the histopathology represent an entity which may differ markedly from the common type of necrobiosis lipodica.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of cutaneous granulomas and mononuclear cells from patients with sarcoidosis.

Routine electron microscopy was carried out on biopsy material taken in an active stage from cutaneous sarcoid granulomas of 5 patients. In addition, mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood of 2 patients and 2 controls were studied prior to and after culture with phytohemagglutinin. The infiltrating cells of the sarcoid granulomas varied only slightly from patient to patient. The dominant cell types were macrophages and epithelioid cells rich in endoplasmic reticulum. Epithelioid cells with numerous secondary lysosomes were frequently seen. Typical as well as atypical lymphocytes, giant cells and epithelioid cells with many primary lysosomes were less frequent. No atypical lymphocytes were seen among the mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood, either before or after culture with phytohemagglutinin.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1980

Nuclear DNA-polymerase estimation in human epidermal cells.

A new technique which detects the presence of DNA-polymerase and primer-template DNA by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine-5'-triphosphate (3H-TTP) showed nuclear labelling of enzymatically liberated epidermal cells of human skin.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1980

Necrobiosis lipoidica in a patient with generalized scleroderma: a case report.

A 48-year-old woman with generalized scleroderma of the acrosclerosis type developed several lesions clinically, histologically and ultrastructurally, which were characteristic of necrobiosis lipoidica. The lesions were located to scar tissue. An increased collagen synthesis is suggested as a possible explanation.

Female↗

PubMed1980

Ultrastructural changes of zinc deficient rat epidermis: an electron microscopic study.

Zinc deficiency was produced in rats by feeding them a diet containing 0.5 mg zinc per kg. After 2 weeks the zinc-deficient rats showed markedly stunted growth as compared with control rats receiving an identical diet supplemented with 50 mg zinc per kg. After about 3 weeks all rats in the zinc-deficient group developed a greasy, coarse and scaly coat with dispersed, denuded, eczematous patches. After 32 days the animals were sacrificed and skin specimens were obtained from the abdominal area. Electron microscopy showed two different patterns of epidermal changes: (A) edematous cell bodies and cell organelles, degenerate nuclei, while desmosomes were well preserved: (B) parakeratotic and dyskeratotic cells with sparse keratohyalin granules, abnormal keratinosomes, poorly developed desmosomes, and disintegrated mitochondria in the upper part of the epidermis. In the lower part, keratinocytes contained numerous ribosomes and thick chromatin aggregates in the nuclei. Dendritic cells were disintegrated in pattern A, while they appeared normal in pattern B. In both patterns mitochondria showed vacuoles and a lack of DNA granules. A transient form of type A and B changes was also observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Adult human skin maintained in organ culture. II. The ultrastructure of the cellular compartment of connective tissue.

Dermal cells maintained in cultured human skin explants for up to 10 weeks were studied by electron microscopy. Common findings in the cell organelles were: 1) altered nuclear shapes and numerous nuclear bodies; 2) reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum; 3) a prominent Golgi complex; and 4) an increasing number of free ribosomes, mitochondria, glycogen granules, lysosomes and lipid droplets. The individual types of dermal cells showed various cytoplasmic changes according to duration of the culture. The fibroblasts displayed a moderately developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. The macrophages were filled up with lysosomes and residual bodies. The mast cells showed typical as well as atypical granules. The smooth muscle cells had a variable content of myofilaments. The pericytes and the smooth muscle cells, both surrounded by a basal lamina, became increasingly difficult to discern from each other as a consequence of the decreasing number of myofilaments in the latter. The endothelial cells were recognized because of the preserved blood vessel architecture. Besides the above-mentioned cell types, two other types appeared with the culture time. The unidentifiable cells were characterized by dense zones of the cell membrane and an adjacent extracellular basal lamina-like material. This cell type may be derived from the pericytes of the small blood vessels. The primitive cells had a large rounded nucleus and a cytoplasm with few organelles. This cell type is assumed to represent a precursor cell common to various cell types.

Adult↗