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T Kitajima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kitajima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Possible association of beta-arrestin 2 gene with methamphetamine use disorder, but not schizophrenia.

Recent investigations suggest that the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling cascade may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and methamphetamine (METH) use disorder. One important molecule related to this cascade is beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2). We therefore conducted a genetic case-control association analysis of the gene for ARRB2 with schizophrenia and METH use disorder in a Japanese population (547 people with schizophrenia, 177 with METH use disorder and 546 controls). A possible association of 'tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)' was found in METH use disorder (rs1045280: P(genotype) = 0.0118, P(allele) = 0.00351; rs2036657: P(allele) = 0.0431; rs4790694: P(genotype) = 0.0167, P(allele) = 0.0202), but no association was found with schizophrenia. We also evaluated the gene-gene interactions among ARRB2, AKT1, and GSK3B, which we previously reported for each of these diseases. However, no interaction was seen in our samples. This is the first association analysis of ARRB2, and our results indicate that ARRB2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of METH use disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison between intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation and abdominal wall lift on QT dispersion and rate-corrected QT dispersion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This study compared the effect of intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation with abdominal wall lift on RR interval, QT interval, the rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval, QT dispersion (QTD), and the rate-corrected QTD (QTcD) using computerized measurement during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to 2 groups: intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation (CO2 group) or abdominal wall lift (lift group). A 12-lead electrocardiogram was monitored to measure parameters. The RR interval, QT interval, and QTc interval did not change significantly during the study in both groups. The QTD and QTcD in the CO2 group increased significantly during CO2 insufflation, and were significantly higher than those of the lift group. Statistically significant increases of QTD and QTcD, which are associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias and cardiac events, occur during CO2 insufflation, and QTD and QTcD in the CO2 group were significantly higher than those of the lift group.

Abdominal Wall↗
PubMed2006

Association study between kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population.

Several lines of evidence suggest that metabolic changes in the kynurenic acid (KYNA) pathway are related to the etiology of schizophrenia. The inhibitor of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is known to increase KYNA levels, and the KMO gene is located in the chromosome region associated with schizophrenia, 1q42-q44. Single-marker and haplotype analyses for 6-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KMO were performed (cases = 465, controls = 440). Significant association of rs2275163 with schizophrenia was observed by single-marker comparisons (P = 0.032) and haplotype analysis including this SNP (P = 0.0049). Significant association of rs2275163 and haplotype was not replicated using a second, independent set of samples (cases = 480, controls = 448) (P = 0.706 and P = 0.689, respectively). These results suggest that the KMO is unlikely to be related to the development of schizophrenia in Japanese.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

No association of serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Japanese patients: association analysis based on linkage disequilibrium.

Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is one of the most promising candidate genes for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Two functional polymorphisms, 5HTTLPR and 5HTTVNTR, have been a focus for genetic association analyses; however, no conclusive results have been obtained. We conducted, 1) a mutation search of SLC6A4, 2) LD mapping to select 'tagging' markers (10 SNPs and 5HTTVNTR, while 5HTTLPR was treated as an independent marker because of its allelic form), and 3) association analysis of these 'tagging' markers and independent markers (5HTTLPR and Asn605Lys) with SCZ and BP in Japanese patients. In this mutation search, a nonsynonymous SNP, Asn605Lys, was detected. No associations of 'tagging' markers and independent markers with such conditions were found. These results indicate that SLC6A4 might not play a major role in SCZ and BP in Japanese patients, a finding that agrees with both the common disease-common variant hypothesis and common disease-rare variant hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

No association with the calcineurin A gamma subunit gene (PPP3CC) haplotype to Japanese schizophrenia.

Calcineurin, one of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase, comprises more than 1% of the total protein content in brain. This evidence points towards important roles of calcineurin in neural function. Miyakawa et al. reported that forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout mice showed the behavioral abnormalities that are often observed in schizophrenia patients. Based on this evidence, they suggested that calcineurin dysfunction could be involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Thereafter this report, Gerber et al. performed transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies and showed an evidence for a nominally significant over-transmission of a common haplotype of the human calcineurin A gamma subunit gene (PPP3CC). We performed association analysis of PPP3CC in Japanese sample of 457 schizophrenia cases and 429 controls. To our regret, we could not confirm the association with Japanese schizophrenia to PPP3CC including core at-risk haplotype. Our result suggests that PPP3CC may not play a major role in Japanese schizophrenia.

Calcineurin↗
PubMed2005

Association study of the frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene with schizophrenia and mood disorders.

Two research groups have recently reported a significant association between schizophrenia and genetic variants of Frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene. We examined a possible association in a Japanese sample of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression and controls with four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), tested in previous reports. We failed to find significant association in the four SNPs or haplotype analysis. The FZD3 gene might not play a role in conferring susceptibility to major psychosis in our sample.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Haplotype association between GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit gene (GABRG2) and methamphetamine use disorder.

Psychostimulant use disorder and schizophrenia have a substantial genetic basis. Evidence from human and animal studies on the involvement of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in methamphetamine (METH) use disorder and schizophrenia is mounting. As we tested for the association of the human GABA(A) receptor gamma 2 subunit gene (GABRG2) with each diagnostic group, we used a case-control design with a set of 178 subjects with METH use disorder, 288 schizophrenics and 288 controls. First, we screened 96 controls and identified six SNPs in GABRG2, three of whom we newly reported. Next, we selected two SNPs, 315C>T and 1128+99C>A, as representatives of the linkage disequilibrium blocks for further case-control association analysis. Although no associations were found in either allelic or genotypic frequencies, we detected a haplotypic association in GABRG2 with METH use disorder, but not with schizophrenia. This finding partly replicates a recent case-control study of GABRG2 in METH use disorder, and thus indicates that GABRG2 may be one of the susceptibility genes of METH use disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Access to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

This study attempted to identify the factors associated with the access to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) among HIV/AIDS patients in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. We collected medical and sociodemographic data from the medical charts of adult patients living in the province who received medical services at two public hospitals in the province. The study period was from December 1, 2001 to February 28, 2002. Total 593 outpatients were included in the analysis. One hundred and forty-six patients (24.6%) received ARV. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the use of ARV. Patients who were covered by the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme were significantly more likely to receive ARV than those who were covered by the Universal Coverage Scheme (UC), a publicly-funded medical insurance (OR = 12.43; 95% CI = 6.03-25.62). The results of this study indicated that there were inequalities in access to and use of ARV among HIV/AIDS patients by health insurance status. The current government announced that they would include ARV in the benefits package of UC. It would be important to monitor how this policy will improve the access to ARV among HIV/AIDS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Experimental study on pathogenesis and histomorphology of early carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in the Syrian hamster.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of carcinomas in the extrahepatic bile duct, we investigated the histomorphological characteristics of adenomas and early carcinomas induced in the extrahepatic bile duct of hamsters. Syrian hamsters underwent a cholecystoduodenostomy along with a dissection of the common duct, while also being administered N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP). The tumors that arose from the extrahepatic bile duct included 10 adenomas and 55 early carcinomas in 56 of the 156 hamsters sacrificed. All the adenomas were found to be polypoid in shape. The early carcinomas, which were restricted within the mucosal layer of the bile duct, showed the following three different growth patterns: (1) protruding type in 41 (75%), consisting of 27 polypoid and 14 papillary tumors; (2) superficial spreading type in 9 (16%); and (3) periductal glandular type in 5 (9%). There were no depressed tumors observed. Carcinomas existing either alone or associated with adenomas were evident in 12 (22%) tumors, and 11 of these were polypoid. Atypical papillary hyperplasia within the tumor mass was noted in 22 early carcinomas (40%) and was particularly prominent in papillary type tumors. These results support the concept of an adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the majority of polypoid tumors of the extrahepatic bile duct. Atypical papillary hyperplasia might also be premalignant, and these precursor lesions should reflect the growth patterns of tumors, at least in the early stage of tumorigenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Association analysis of the -308G>A promoter polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Two research groups have thus far reported a significant association between schizophrenia and a promoter polymorphism (-308G > A) of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), while contradictive negative results have also been reported. We examined the possible association in a Japanese sample of 297 schizophrenia cases and 458 controls. Allele frequencies of both the patients and controls were very low (1.5% and 0.8%, respectively), and the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that the effect of the -308G > A polymorphism on the development of schizophrenia is, if any, weak and the majority of Japanese schizophrenics are unrelated to the -308G > A polymorphism of the TNF-alpha gene.

Adenine↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of various cytological examinations by bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

To improve the efficacy of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, we evaluated the effectiveness of various techniques for obtaining samples for cytological examination. Between January 1984 and December 2000, flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy under fluoroscopic guidance was performed in 1372 patients with lung cancer having no visible endoscopic findings. Histological examination of specimens obtained by forceps biopsy and cytological examinations on imprints of biopsy specimens, brushing, selective bronchial lavage, curettage, transbronchial needle aspiration, rinse fluids of the forceps, brush, curette, and aspiration needle, and all fluids aspirated during the bronchoscopic examinations were evaluated for diagnostic power. Using these techniques, the overall diagnostic rate with bronchoscopy was 93.4%. The sensitivity of the histological examination was 76.9%; additional imprint cytology increased the sensitivity to 84.8% (P<0.0001), while additional cytology on the rinse fluid of the forceps increased the sensitivity to 83.7% (P<0.0001). The addition of both imprint cytology and cytology on the rinse fluid of the forceps increased the diagnostic rate to 86.2% (P<0.0001). Our results indicate that cytological examinations of the imprints of biopsy samples and the rinse fluids of the forceps and the brush improve the efficacy of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Association of a haplotype in the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor gene (HTR4) with Japanese schizophrenia.

The serotonin 5-HT(4) receptor (5-HT(4)) is implicated in cognitive function, of which impairment is hypothesized as one of the core disturbances of schizophrenia. Linkage analysis shows that 5q33.2, in which HTR4 is located, is schizophrenia-susceptibility loci. We therefore hypothesized that variation in the 5-HT(4) receptor gene (HTR4) modifies genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. HTR4 coding regions and introns that include the branch sites of HTR4 were investigated in 96 unrelated Japanese schizophrenics using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One silent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the coding region and six intronic SNPs were detected. 353 + 6G > A was located in the branch site that could be effect to RNA splicing. None of the four SNPs, in which rare-allele frequencies were more than 10% was associated with 189 schizophrenics, in comparison to 299 controls. However, a highly significant association between schizophrenia and haplotype A-T (OR = 0.13 [0.03-0.58]) was detected. These findings suggest that haplotype A-T itself may inhibit the occurrence of schizophrenia, or that another susceptible genetic variants may exist within linkage disequilibrium.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed2003

Effect of DRD2, 5-HT2A, and COMT genes on antipsychotic response to risperidone.

Risperidone is a widely used atypical antipsychotic with certain advantages over typical antipsychotics. Although variations in the efficacy of treatment with risperidone have been observed, no specific predictable marker has been identified as of yet. In all, 73 Japanese patients with schizophrenia were given risperidone for 8 weeks, and clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Six candidate polymorphisms (HTR2A -1438G>A, 102T>C, H452Y; DRD2 -141delC, Taq I A; COMT V158M) were genotyped. The diplotype configuration for each individual was estimated by the maximum-likelihood method. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the effects of these haplotypes/genotype and other prognostic factors on PANSS scale performance. After adjustment for the effects of patient-related variables, HTR2A diplotype and COMT genotype, as well as other potential prognostic factors, did not significantly influence the clinical performance. A DRD2 haplotype tended to correlate with better clinical performance. Compared with patients who had Ins-A2/Ins-A2 diplotype (n=25), PANSS total scores of patients with Ins-A2/Del-A1 diplotype (n=10) showed 40% greater improvement (P=0.03). The PANSS total scores of patients with HTR2A A-T/A-T diplotype (n=22) tended to show 15% worse improvement compared with A-T/G-C diplotype (n=33) (P=0.06). These results should be treated with caution because of limitations due to small sample size, heterogeneity of patients with respect to past antipsychotic use history, and no correction for multiple corrections. However, the present findings generate important hypotheses in a sample of Japanese schizophrenia patients that may lay the foundation for future pharmacogenomics investigations in other populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A combination of heparin and an intermittent pneumatic compression device may be more effective to prevent deep-vein thrombosis in the lower extremities after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of a combination of heparin and an intermittent pneumatic compression device on thrombogenesis and platelet activation in the upper and lower extremities after laparoscopy. METHODS: A blinded study was performed on 30 patients. Patients were randomly injected with either heparin or physiological saline solution (PSS) subcutaneously. The intermittent compression boot was used during surgery. Plasma D-dimer (D-D), a marker of thrombogenesis, and b-thromboglobulin (b-TG), a marker of platelet activation, were measured in the upper and lower extremities. RESULTS: In the heparin group, D-Ds in the upper and lower extremities increased significantly 24 h after surgery, but they were significantly lower than those of the PSS group. b-TG in the lower extremities of patients in the PSS group increased significantly 24 h after surgery. CONCLUSION: A combination of low-molecular-weight heparin and intermittent pneumatic compression may be more effective to prevent deep-vein thrombosis in the legs.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Smoking behavior, initiating and cessation factors among Japanese nurses: a cohort study.

The prevalence of smoking among Japanese nurses, specially in their twenties, is higher than that among the general female population. To examine smoking behavior, smoking initiating and cessation factors, we conducted a cohort study through questionnaire survey, targeting nurses (n=1572) working at 11 hospitals located in Tokyo metropolitan area. The first survey was conducted using a confidential questionnaire on smoking, followed by a second survey conducted in the same manner on the same subjects two years later. As to smoking status after two years, 8% (95%CI=1.5%) started smoking and 6% (95%CI=1.4%) quitted resulting in a 2% increase in the prevalence of current smoking. The average nicotine dependence for nurses who were smokers in the two surveys rose from 3.9 to 4.3 (P<0.05). Smoking behavior of mother, friends, or superiors at work had a significant influence on smoking behavior of nurses. As to smoking cessation factors, the idea that women and medical workers should not smoke, and living with family each had a significant influence. Considering the fact that 6% of nurses in this study succeeded in quitting smoking within two years, it is required that anti-smoking education be conducted at medical institutions to decrease the prevalence of current smoking among the nurses in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

High concentration sevoflurane induction of anesthesia accelerates onset of vecuronium neuromuscular blockade.

PURPOSE: To investigate neuromuscular block using accelography after administration of vecuronium under sevoflurane 8% induction and maintenance with sevoflurane 2% in adults. METHODS: Patients were allocated to three groups: (1) group I: anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and fentanyl (n= 15), (2) group II: anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with N2O(66%)-O2-sevoflurane 2% (n = 15), (3) group III: anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane 8% using a vital capacity inhalation induction and maintained with N2O(66%)-O2-sevoflurane 2% (n = 15). 0.1 mg x kg(-1) vecuronium was used for paralysis three minutes after anesthetic induction and reversed using intravenous 0.04 mg x kg(-1) neostigmine with 0.02 mg kg atropine when the train-of-four (TOF) ratio returned to 25%. RESULTS: The onset time from initial administration of vecuronium to maximal block in the group III was shorter than that in the groups I and II (139 +/- 35, 193 +/- 35 and 188 +/- 47s, respectively: P < 0.05). The clinical duration from maximal block to 25% recovery of TOF ratio in group II and III was longer than that in the group I (47 +/- 15, 48 +/- 14 and 36 +/- 10 min, respectively: P < 0.05). The reversal times from administration of neostigmine to 75% of TOF ratio in groups II and III were longer than that in the group I (196 +/- 53, 208 +/- 64 and 136 +/- 28s, respectively: P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vital capacity inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane accelerates onset and prolongs duration of vecuronium neuromuscular block compared with propofol-fentanyl anesthesia.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗