Biomedical subjects

T Kitagawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Kitagawa.

908 records · Page 51Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Extended intestinal metaplasia. A survey of 1392 gastrectomies from dwellers of the Pacific basin.

BACKGROUND: To assess the extent of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) in gastrectomy specimens in populations of the Pacific basin having different incidence of gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand three hundred and nine-two gastrectomies were investigated: 1088 had a gastric carcinoma and 304 miscellaneous gastric diseases. Twenty-one thousand three hundred and fourteen histological sections were reviewed under low-power (4X). IM was either spotty (SIM) or extended (EIM= encompassing one or more entire low-power fields/section). Widespread IM (WIM) was regarded as EIM if present in > or =5 histological sections. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The percent of gastrectomies harboring a carcinoma increased significantly with increasing age more notably in those with diffuse carcinomas (DC) than in those with intestinal carcinomas (IC). The percent of gastrectomies with EIM was significantly higher in specimens with IC than with DC, particularly among elderly patients, and in specimens from countries with a high cancer incidence. The percent of gastrectomies with WIM was higher in specimens having IC than in those having DC. Migration per se did not influence the frequency of specimens with EIM in elderly Japanese patients: Japanese migrants to Hawaii had a similarly high frequency of EIM as those dwelling in Japan. Japanese patients with a gastric carcinoma showed atypical mitoses in areas with EIM far from the tumor, suggesting that cellular mutation(s) play a role in the evolution of EIM towards gastric dysplasia and carcinoma in that ethnic group. The drawback of gastric biopsies in assessing the extent of gastric intestinal metaplasia and, thereby, estimating possible cancer risk in long-term studies has been stressed.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute skin reactions observed in fractionated proton irradiation.

Between May 1985 and July 1987, 49 skin reactions of 43 patients treated by proton irradiation were observed at the Particle Radiation Medical Science Center (PARMS), The University of Tsukuba. Taking the peak skin score as an endpoint, the radiobiological effects [relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and time-dose relationships] of the proton beam in multi-fractionated treatments were estimated. Factors influencing the skin dose, such as the prescribed tumor dose, tumor site, and number of applied fields, were also analyzed. The following conclusions regarding acute skin reactions to the clinical use of proton irradiation were obtained: 1) the physical skin-sparing effect of proton irradiation in single-field irradiation, especially in superficial regions, is not large compared with that of high-energy photon irradiation; 2) multidirectional proton irradiation significantly reduced the skin dose and severity of acute reactions; 3) the radiobiological effects of the proton beam, RBE and the time factor, estimated in human skin in multi-fractional treatment were slightly smaller than those of X-rays, i.e., 0.92 and -0.25 +/- 0.09, respectively.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitive enzyme immunoassay of cephalexin residues in milk, hen tissues, and eggs.

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for cephalexin (CEX) was developed using the rabbit antiserum to CEX, beta-D-galactosidase-labeled CEX, and a double-antibody separation method. The immunogen of CEX was prepared by coupling the amino group of CEX to thiol groups introduced into bovine serum albumin by the use of N-(m-maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide as a cross-linker. Highly titered antiserum to CEX was produced in rabbits immunized with the immunogen. Enzyme labeling of CEX with beta-D-galactosidase was done by using N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide as the cross-linker. The limit of detection was 30 ng CEX/mL sample solution. Application of the method to CEX drug residues detected 30 ng/mL in milk, 60 ng/g in egg yolk, and 400 ng/g in hen tissue.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Classification of the 16,471 patients treated by radiation therapy from 1962 to 1986, and crude five-year survival rates of patients in each category of radiotherapy treatment from 1962 to 1978 in the National Cancer Center Hospital.

The summation and classification of patients registered for planned radiation therapy in the 24-year period from 1962 to 1986, in the Department of Radiation Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital, are reported. Patients numbered 16,471, and total sessions of treatment were 26,175. The ratio of the two figures, 1.58, is the average number of treatment sessions per patient. Peak age was 61-65 years' old and 56-60 years old, respectively for males and females. The most frequent primary site of disease for radiation therapy was the head and neck, followed by trachea, bronchus and lung, crevix uteri, breast, and esophagus. Frequency of squamous cell carcinoma was 38.0%; that of adenocarcinoma was 20.9%. Radical treatment was performed in 32.0% of patients in the first session, but this figure decreased to 24.7% for all sessions. There were many cases of secondary and primary palliative treatment, i.e., 31.8%. Radiotherapy was done in 70% of patients by megavoltage X-ray, with 9.4% treated by electron beam. Crude 5-year survival rates for each classification of malignant disease respective to the category of treatment policy from 1962 to 1978 were obtained. Among the radical treatment group, head and neck tumors, skin cancer, and Hodgkin's disease showed 5-year survival rates greater than 50%.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitive enzyme immunoassay of colistin and its application to detect residual colistin in rainbow trout tissue.

An antibody against colistin (CL), an antibiotic effective for gram-negative bacteria, was produced in rabbits immunized with a colistin-protein conjugate. The conjugate was prepared by a novel and convenient procedure devised to couple an amino group of CL to thiol groups of bovine serum albumin (BSA) introduced by thiol exchange reduction of its disulfide bonds with dithiothreitol, using N-(m-maleimidobenzoyloxy)succinimide (MBS) as a cross-linker. Enzyme labeling of CL with beta-D-galactosidase was performed by utilizing another cross-linker, N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide, by means of a convenient labeling method. A double antibody enzyme immunoassay of CL, which could determine as little as 30 ng/mL of CL, was developed using labeled CL and anti-CL antiserum. With this assay, drug levels were easily determined in fish tissue after CL administration. The enzyme immunoassay should provide a useful tool for detection and quantitation of residual drugs in foods and related products.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. I: Quantitative analysis in gastric peptic ulcer and in incipient adenocarcinoma in Japanese subjects.

A novel method of quantitation of the extent of intestinal metaplasia (IM) was applied to 50 resected stomachs from Japanese subjects; 25 with peptic gastric ulcer, 25 with incipient adenocarcinoma. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.05) in incipient adenocarcinomas than in peptic ulcers; the total length of the gastric mucosa analyzed being similar in the two groups. The intestinal metaplasia index (IMI; i.e. the ratio between IM and the length of the gastric mucosa analyzed) in incipient adenocarcinomas was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in gastric ulcers. In incipient adenocarcinomas, the IMI decreased significantly (p. less than 0.001) from lesser towards greater curvature. In peptic ulcers, the decrease was less abrupt. In 12 of the 25 specimens, the incipient adenocarcinoma was classified as intestinal type, and in the remaining 13 specimens as diffuse type. The total length of the IM was significantly larger (p less than 0.01) in specimens with intestinal type adenocarcinoma than in specimens with diffuse type; the total length of the gastric mucosa investigated being similar in the two groups. The IMI was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in specimens containing intestinal type adenocarcinoma as compared to those with diffuse type adenocarcinoma. This was valid for the lesser curvature, for the mucosa adjacent to the lesser curvature, and for the mucosa by the greater curvature. From the results, it is apparent that intestinal metaplasia is a widely occurring phenomenon not only in specimens with intestinal type incipient adenocarcinoma or with diffuse type incipient adenocarcinoma, but also with benign peptic ulcer. The difference resides in that the metaplastic mucosa is more universally distributed in specimens with incipient intestinal adenocarcinomas (provided that longitudinal mucosal areas are considered in the comparison). The quantitative method herein reported will be applied in the future to compare the extent and distribution of intestinal metaplasia in gastric specimens from various geographical regions having disparate incidences of gastric ulcers and carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

ECG-ST level, maximal oxygen uptake, and ventilatory threshold during treadmill exercise test in athletes and non-athletes.

In order to define the relationships between ECG-ST level, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), and ventilatory threshold (VT), the treadmill running test was carried out in a symptom-limited manner by increasing the speed and gradient gradually. The ECG-V5ST level, O2 consumption (VO2), and minute ventilation (VE) were successively monitored with cardiorespiratory capacity-measuring equipment in 21 athletes and 10 non-athletes. There was no significant correlation between the lowest ST level and % VO2 max. However, a significant correlation was observed between the lowest ST level and the ratio of VO2 value at the lowest ST level to that at the VT point in both groups. Namely, the ST level showed a tendency to depress maximally after the exercise stress passed over the VT point, with a deeper depression in non-athletes. These preliminary results suggest that we should be careful of the cardiac condition when exercise stress over the VT point is loaded on both athletes and non-athletes.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clear demonstration of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater with ultrasonography.

We present a non-icteric case, in which an ampullary polypoid lesion was clearly demonstrated by ultrasonography, suggesting carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. The lesion was a 3 cm in diameter, spherical tumor with a polypoid surface, and internal hyperechogenicity. The patient underwent a curative pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗