Biomedical subjects

T Kishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Kishimoto.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Microsurgical penile revascularization in patients with pure arteriogenic erectile dysfunction].

BACKGROUND: We report the results of microscopic penile revascularization in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. METHODS: One patient with localized obstruction of the common penile artery underwent the Michal II penile revascularization, 13 patients underwent the Furlow-Fisher procedure, and 5 patients underwent the Hauri procedure. The mean age was 33.0 years and the mean follow-up period was 32 months (4-80 months). Eight patients were tobacco smokers, one patient was over 50 years old. Surgery was considered successful when the patients had a permeable anastomosis and were able to achieve satisfactory erection resulting in normal sexual intercourse. RESULTS: All surgery was successful except for one patient who had undergone the Furlow-Fisher procedure. In Spite of antithrombotic therapy, graft occlusion occurred in two patients. Post operative glans hypervascularity occurred in two patients. CONCLUSION: Penile revascularization surgery is a highly effective treatment for selected patients. There is a need for further study of graft occlusion and glans hypervascularity.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Ischemic heart disease in patients with erectile dysfunction].

BACKGROUND: Erection is an hemodynamic event and accordingly, erectile dysfunction is closely related with ischemic heart diseases. Sufficient study has yet to be made of this relation. METHOD: Fifty-eight patients with erectile dysfunction participated in the present study. Intracavernous injection tests and color Doppler examination were conducted for assessment of erectile function. For patients with history of ischemic heart disease, we referred to their doctor for data from their examinations. For patients otherwise, chest X-rays and electrocardiograms in the resting position were obtained and also electrocardiograms following exercise. Echocardiograms, treadmill test results, thallium exercise scintigrams, and coronary angiograms were obtained as requires for diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (31.0%) were diagnosed as ischemic heart disease or at high risk. Although 6 of them had been already diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, 12 were newly diagnosed by the exercise tests. Among these 18 patients 16 had one or more significant risk factors for ischemic heart disease such as age, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. 3.7% of patients whose peak systolic velocity in the cavernous artery was equal to or exceeded 35 cm/sec had ischemic heart disease or were at high risk. 54.8% of patients with peak systolic velocity of less than 35 cm/sec had ischemic heart disease or were at high risk. CONCLUSIONS: In erectile dysfunctional patients, incidence of complications with symptomatic or asymptomatic ischemic heart disease was found to be high. Therefore, in patients with risk factors or low peak systolic velocity in the cavernous artery, exercise tests should be implemented prior to treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Giant bladder stone: a case report].

An 88-year-old woman was hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, miction pain and pollakisuria. Radiographs showed a giant bladder stone shadow, 12.0 x 9.0 cm in size. Cystolithotomy was performed under the diagnosis of bladder stone. The extirpated stone weighed 510 g, and measured 10.0 x 7.5 x 6.0 cm in size. The stone had four compartments of stratified lamellae composed of calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. The postoperative course was uneventful and the bilateral hydronephrosis improved markedly on DIP.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Urethral injury with unusual clinical course: a case report].

A 20-year-old men fell from a ladder in 1995, striking his perineum strongly, and macroscopic hematuria with painful urination lasted for several days. Subsequently, swelling of the perineum on urination continued to occur. However, he did not seek medical treatment until July 1997, when he consulted our medical institution. A diverticulum-like change was found in the bulbous urethra on urethrocystography, and a tear in the same position on urethroscopy. On September 22, 1997, surgery was performed after constructing a cystostomy, the tear was located using a urethroscope, and closed through a perineal approach. At 14 days after surgery, there was extra-urethral leakage of contrast media on voiding cystourethrography, and at 28 days after surgery, the findings showed improvement. Since then, he has been free of the preoperative symptoms.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2000

[Prophylaxis with FK-506 for graft-versus-host disease after transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors].

Forty-eight patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from serologically HLA-matched unrelated donors received tacrolimus (FK506) alone or with methotrexate (MTX) and/or methylprednisolone (mPSL) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We analyzed retrospectively the efficacy of FK506 for GVHD prophylaxis, and its toxicity, by comparing three groups of patients: those given FK506 alone, those given FK506 + mPSL, and those given FK506 + MTX + mPSL. Grade III and IV acute GVHD occurred in five of 10 patients given FK506 alone and in 11 of 30 patients given FK506 + mPSL. In these groups, severe acute GVHD was commonly seen in the patients who discontinued FK506 administration early after BMT and in those who received bone marrow from genotypically HLA-mismatched donors. Early withdrawal of FK506 was due mainly to severe nephrotoxicity. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was very high in patients who received high-dose FK506 as well as melphalan-containing preconditioning (80% and 50%). None of eight patients who received FK506 + mPSL + MTX developed grade III-IV acute GVHD even though five of them received bone marrow from genotypically HLA-mismatched donors. In patients receiving bone marrow from unrelated donors, adjustment of the initial dose of FK506 seems essential in order to avoid severe nephrotoxicity, and combination of MTX and FK506 is useful for preventing severe acute GVHD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Urethral diverticula surrounding the urethra in women: report of 2 cases].

We report two cases of female urethral diverticula. A 49-year-old woman (case 1) complained of perineal pain when she voided urine. A 36-year-old woman (case 2) complained of perineal pain. In both cases, intravenous pyerography and urethrography revealed diverticula around their urethra, and we diagnosed them with urethral diverticula which surrounded their urethra by magnetic resonance imaging. We treated them by transvaginal diverticulectomy. Case 2 was successfully treated, but the diverticulum recurred after one year in case 1. There are over 200 reported cases of female diverticula in the Japanese literature, but a urethral diverticulum surrounding the urethra is rare.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Urological procedures for progressive renal dysfunction due to polycystic kidney disease].

Urological procedures for progressive renal dysfunction due to polycystic kidney disease (PKD) such as percutaneous puncture of renal cysts are merely symptomatic treatments and have little effect on renal function. At present, the two most effective methods of preventing renal dysfunction are blood pressure management and dietetic therapy, which are more effective with early initiation. Moreover, as PKD is an autosomal dominant disease, there is a high risk that family members of the patient may have asymptomatic PKD. It is essential to identify and treat such potential patients at an early stage in order to prevent progressive renal dysfunction. In place of the traditional nephrectomy, we attempted transcutaneous renal arterial embolization (TRAE) for hemorrhage into renal cysts, hematuria and obstruction of intestine due to proliferation of cysts after the introduction of hemodialysis. When TRAE was carried out on one kidney, the cysts in the other kidney proliferated and even though the renal arteries were completely embolized, it required 5 to 6 weeks for the kidney to contract. Our conclusions are TRAE is effective with no adverse reactions for PKD. These results suggest that in the future TRAE may become the preferred treatment for PKD in place of nephrectomy.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗

PubMed2000

[Immunology in the 20th century--progress made in research on infectious and immunological diseases].

The new era of the modern medicine was opened 100 years ago by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur who demonstrated that various infectious diseases were caused by their respective microbes. Koch discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. The first breakthrough in the modern medicine to combat against infectious diseases was the discovery of anti-diphtheria toxin antibody by E.A. von Behring and S. Kitasato. The concept of immunity--immune from disease--has thus been established. The immune response between antigen and antibody sometimes provides the host with a harmful effect. The concept of allergy was introduced by Richet and later by Prausnitz and Küstner. Why the same immune response leads to the different outcome, immunity or allergy had not been made clear until the discovery of IgE by Drs. Kimishige and Teruko Ishizaka in 1968: The IgG antibody plays a role in immunity whereas IgE antibody is involved in allergy. Tuberculin skin reaction which is well known as the diagnostic tool for mycobacterial infection was studied by M. Chase in 1945 demonstrating that it was able to be transferred to the healthy individual by immune cells but not by antibody. The immune response is now categorized into two; soluble immunity--immediate type allergy and cell-mediated immunity--delayed type allergy. The rapid progress in the molecular biology in the past decades has also accelerated the progress in immunology, several of which include discovery of two types of lymphocytes; T and B cells; concept of two T cells; Th1 and Th2 cells; and the discovery of cytokines which regulate immune cell responses. The mechanism of the immune response is now understood at the gene level. Several immunological diseases can now be successfully treated by controlling the levels of cytokines involved. For example, refractory rheumatoid arthritis is now under control by the administration of recombinant soluble TNF receptor molecules to the patients. The complete human genome sequence is currently under investigation. We can now envisage the advent of the days when every disease can be diagnosed and intervened at the gene level.

Allergy and Immunology↗

PubMed2000

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones using the Dornier Lithotripter Compact: an experience in Japan.

Between May 1997 and February 1998, 40 cases of renal stones and 40 cases of ureteral stones in 60 males and 20 females were treated with the Dornier Lithotripter Compact. The size of the stones ranged from 5 mm to 80 mm. Three patients required epidural anesthesia and 4 patients required a ureteral stent. Fragmentation of the stones was observed in all patients. After 1 month, the efficacy and stone free rates were 91% and 54%, respectively. After 3 months, they were 91% and 68%, respectively. There were no serious side effects such as pyelonephritis, perirenal hematomas, and massive hematuria. In conclusion, the Dornier Lithotripter Compact proved to be a safe and highly effective lithotripter for the treatment of renal and ureteral stones.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Successful treatment using low-dose carbamazepine for a patient of personality change after mild diffuse brain injury].

A 19-year-old male had a traffic accident while driving his motorbike and suffered an injury to the left frontotemporal part of the head. He remained conscious, had no focal neurological signs, and brain-computed tomography was unremarkable at the prefectural hospital, department of neurosurgery. Six months later he demonstrated a personality change, which was marked by irritability, aggression, labile moods, childishness, irresponsibility, and a lack of motivation. He sometimes made trouble for those around him, and he consulted our hospital 2 years and 9 months after the accident. He was diagnosed as having posttraumatic personality disorder and was treated with clonazepam, a dosage of up to 1.5 mg/day. Although his symptoms were moderately improved, he complained of sleepiness as an adverse effect. Carbamazepine (100 mg/day) was added in expectation of further improvement. Within a few days he improved to his preaccident personality. After the administration of clonazepam was discontinued, he maintained his good mental status. Now about two years after the initiation of therapy, he works in social welfare facilities and has no relapses. Even if a head injury is mild without definite organic signs in brain, it may have a possibility of causing personality change, which may be treatable.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1999

A new member of a hepatoma-derived growth factor gene family can translocate to the nucleus.

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and HDGF-related proteins (HRP) belong to a gene family with a well-conserved amino acid sequence at the N-terminus (the hath region). A new member of the HDGF family in humans and mice was identified and cloned; we call it HRP-3. The deduced amino acid sequence from HRP-3 cDNA contained 203 amino acids without a signal peptide for secretion. HRP-3 has its 97-amino-acid sequence at the N-terminus, which is highly conserved with the hath region of the HDGF family proteins. It also has a putative bipartite nuclear localizing signal (NLS) sequence in a similar location in its self-specific region of HDGF and HRP-1. Northern blot analysis shows that HRP-3 is expressed predominantly in the testis and brain, to an intermediate extent in the heart, and to a slight extent in the ovaries, kidneys, spleen, and liver in humans. Transfection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged HRP-3 cDNA showed that HRP-3 translocated to the nucleus of 293 cells. GFP-HRP-3 transfectants significantly increased their DNA synthesis more than cells transfected with vector only. The HRP-3 gene was mapped to chromosome 15, region q25 by FISH analysis. These findings suggest that a new member of the HDGF gene family, HRP-3, may function mainly in the nucleus of the brain, testis, and heart, probably for cell proliferation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

In vivo gene transfer of an extracellular domain of platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor by the HVJ-liposome method ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

A number of investigators have reported augmented expression of PDGF in lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or with other types of pulmonary fibrosis. To accomplish such a regulation of PDGF activity, we constructed an expression plasmid of the extracellular domain of PDGF receptor beta chain (XR), which lacks intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and transmembrane portions, and estimated the therapeutic effects of XR gene transfer through the trachea on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis of C57BL/6 mice using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan(HVJ)-liposome method. The XR gene transfer ameliorated the increases in the wet weight and hydroxyproline content and the histopathologic changes of the lung induced by bleomycin. These findings suggest that PDGF plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and that XR gene transfer using the HVJ-liposome method may limit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

IL-6 plays a crucial role in the induction phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glucoprotein 35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

We investigated the role of IL-6 in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using IL-6-deficient mice and found that IL-6-deficient mice were resistant to active induction of EAE, but that the treatment of those mice with IL-6 during the preclinical phase caused typical EAE. We also found that both wild-type and IL-6-deficient mice were resistant to passive transfer of EAE by lymphocytes from IL-6-deficient mice, but that passive transfer of lymphocytes from wild-type mice induced typical EAE in IL-6-deficient mice. Histological abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) in those IL-6-deficient mice with EAE were similar to those in wild-type mice with EAE. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed no difference in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in the CNS of IL-6-deficient mice with EAE as compared to the CNS of wild-type mice with EAE. These results indicated that IL-6 might be an important factor in the induction phase, but might have little influence on the effector phase of EAE. We further estimated the production of cytokines in MOG-stimulated lymph node (LN) cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased IL-4 and IL-10 production and reduced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production were observed in LN cells from IL-6-deficient mice as compared to LN cells from wild-type mice. These results suggested that a shift of T cell responses from Thl to Th2 might explain the resistance of IL-6-deficient mice to EAE. Taken together, IL-6 may play a crucial role in the induction phase of EAE by modulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Augmentation of antitumor activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine by thymosin fraction 5 in mouse bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd) is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) activated by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyN Pase), mainly by uridine phosphorylase (Urd Pase) in rodents and by thymidine phosphorylase (TdR Pase) in humans, which is preferentially located in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. It has been reported that PyN Pase is induced by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interferon (IFN). Thymosin is a glycoprotein extract obtained from the calf thymus and is a potent immunopotentiating preparation. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of 5'-dFUrd used in combination with thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) was investigated in mouse bladder cancer cell line MBT-2 in vitro and in vivo. In vitro TF5 enhanced the activity of 5'-dFUrd by up to 4.11-fold, whereas the activity of other cytostatics such as 5-FUra, mitomycin C, adriamycin, cis-platinum, etoposide, vinblastine and methotrexate was not changed. In vivo when the effects of combination therapy with 5'-dFUrd and TF5 in C3H/HeN mice implanted with MBT2 were studied, tumor growth was not suppressed by TF5 alone while tumor growth was suppressed to some degree by 5'-dFUrd alone. However, tumor growth suppression was enhanced when 5'-dFUrd was used in combination with TF5. In order to investigate this mechanism, Urd Pase in MB2 was measured, and it was found that TF5 increased enzyme activity by up to 1.8-fold in MBT2. This increased susceptibility might be a result of the induction of Urd Pase, which is the essential enzyme for the conversion of 5'-dFUrd to 5-FUra. These results suggested that the therapeutic benefit of 5'-dFUrd would be improved by its use in combination with TF5 and the modulation of converting enzymes for antitumor prodrugs could be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating human cancers.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Glutelin basic subunits have a mammalian mucin-type O-linked disaccharide side chain.

Characterization was done on the sugar chains of glutelin, a major storage protein in rice seeds. The basic subunits of glutelin were shown to be glycoproteins by staining with PAS and the lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA). The binding of PNA to the basic subunits was substantially reduced by treatment of the glutelin with NaIO4, NaOH, or O-glycanase. The sugar chains of the subunits, obtained by hydrazinolysis and O-glycanase, were pyridylaminated and subjected to 2-dimensional HPLC analysis using C(18) and acrylamide-derivatized columns. It was found that the Galbeta-1,3GalNAc disaccharide, which was previously identified as a core 1 structure of mucin-type sugar chains, is conjugated to the glutelin subunits. Furthermore, amino acid sequencing of an 11-kDa peptide of the subunits, recognized by both PNA and Con A, suggested that both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation occurs in the carboxy-terminal region of these subunits.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Neurofilaments of aged rats: the strengthened interneurofilament interaction and the reduced amount of NF-M.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an age-related neurological disease, characterized by neurofilament (NF) accumulation in primary axons followed by degeneration of motor neurons. To elucidate age-related factors that might lead to pathological NF accumulation, NFs were compared between young and aged rats. Electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve axons revealed that NFs were more than twice as densely packed in aged rat axons (542 +/- 180 NFs/mm2) as in young adult rat axons (211 +/- 73 NFs/mm2). The NFs isolated from aged rats also appeared to be more aggregated than those from young rats. Phosphorylation at the head or tail domains was studied as a possible candidate affecting NF organization. Western blotting with phosphorylation-dependent antibodies showed higher phosphorylation of NF-H in the tail domains of aged rat spinal cord NFs, but dephosphorylation did not diminish the differences in aggregation between aged and young rat NFs. On the other hand, when NFs were phosphorylated by A-kinase on their head domains, the extent of phosphorylation in NF-M of aged rat NFs was only one-third of young rat NFs. We found that aged rat NFs contained only 60% of the NF-M of young rat NFs in molar ratio compared to NF-L. These results raise a possibility that the decreased amount of NF-M induces the aggregates of isolated NFs and the higher packing density of NF in aged rat axons.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

"Decoy" of androgen-responsive element induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells.

BACKGROUND: In an androgen-dependent manner, the androgen receptor (AR) binds to the androgen-responsive element (ARE) in the regulatory region of target genes. We hypothesize that an "ARE decoy, " a double-stranded oligonucleotide containing the same DNA sequence as ARE, can inhibit prostatic proliferation by competitive inhibition of AR transcriptional activity. METHODS: We synthesized a 23-mer ARE decoy based on the deduced ARE sequence at the promoter region of the human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. The nuclear extract was prepared from LNCaP cells, and DNA-protein interactions were examined by gel shift assay. Then the antiandrogen effect of the ARE decoy was studied in LNCaP cells transfected with the ARE decoy by lipofection. After 24-hr incubation with 10(-9) M dihydrotestosterone (DHT), induction of apoptosis was examined by DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: The gel shift assay demonstrated specific binding of the ARE decoy to the LNCaP nuclear protein which is most likely AR. The transfection experiment showed DNA fragmentation in the ARE decoy-transfected cells despite the presence of DHT, though not in the cells transfected with the control decoy. CONCLUSIONS: The ARE decoy had an antiandrogen effect and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. This ARE decoy may become a potential therapeutic tool for prostate cancers when combined with a highly efficient transfection method.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

Activation of MPF at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes.

Although maturation or M-phase-promoting factor (MPF) was originally identified as a cytoplasmic activity responsible for induction of maturation or meiosis reinitiation in oocytes, MPF is now thought to be the universal trigger of G2/M-phase transition in all eukaryotic cells, and its activity is ascribed to cyclin B. Cdc2 kinase. Here, the activation process of cyclin B. Cdc2 at meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes is compared with that at G2/M-phase transition in mitotic somatic cells. Based on this comparison, the role of cyclin B. Cdc2 in the original cytoplasmic MPF activity is reexamined.

Animals↗