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Biomedical subjects

T Kirchner

Publications and source records attributed to T Kirchner.

231 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Free cecum perforation with peritonitis as a rare complication of Crohn disease].

Perforation and peritonitis as complications of severe Crohn's disease are rare. Case reports of two young female patients are given who have been treated in 1983 because of peritonitis after perforation of Crohn's disease. The only therapeutic approach making sense is elimination of the intestine affected by the disease and repeated control laparotomies with for treatment of peritonitis and controlling sufficiency of the anastomosis. These patients are at high risk because of treatment with cortisone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Propranolol potentiates leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhances antagonism by FPL 55712.

Aerosol LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing guinea pigs was potentiated by either pretreatment with propranolol or bilateral adrenalectomy, whereas bilateral vagotomy did not affect the LTD4 response. The dose-response curve describing LTD4-induced changes in dynamic lung compliance (CDYN) and pulmonary resistance (RL) [as reflective indices of bronchoconstriction] was shifted to the left by approximately 20-fold by propranolol. Against an equal degree of LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction, the leukotriene antagonist, FPL 55712, had an apparent 20-fold greater potency in propranolol-pretreated animals vis a vis saline-treated controls. The duration of action of aerosol FPL 55712 was similar in both propranolol-treated and saline-treated animals. These results demonstrate that aerosol LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction is modulated by an adrenergic compensatory bronchodilator mechanism that is apparently dependent upon the adrenals and independent of vagal influences. Inhibition of the effect of this reflex with propranolol also enhances the apparent potency of an aerosol leukotriene antagonist, FPL 55712, presumably reflecting a constant LTD4 to antagonist ratio in the saline-treated and propranolol-pretreated guinea pigs.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

Modulation of sulfur dioxide-induced airways hyperresponsiveness in the conscious dog.

Brief exposure of conscious dogs to 30 ppm SO2 directly into the lungs resulted in a transient bronchoconstriction followed by a period of hypersensitivity to aerosolized methacholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The hypersensitivity was maximal 4 h after exposure to SO2. Both Wy-41,195 and disodium cromoglycate, two antiallergic drugs, inhibited the hypersensitivity to methacholine when administered just prior to methacholine challenge. Neither drug significantly influenced SO2-induced bronchospasm nor influenced methacholine hypersensitivity when administered just prior to SO2 exposure. Furthermore, Wy-41,195 was ineffective against methacholine hypersensitivity when administered orally for 4 days. SO2-induced airway hypersensitivity in the dog may thus provide a useful model for exploring mechanisms and pharmacologic modulation of bronchial hyperreactivity, a common feature of asthma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Myxofibrosarcoma].

The myxofibrosarcoma is presented as a special entity of soft tissue tumors and differentiated from the myxoid variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma to which it was often related in the past. Four own cases are described showing the important aspects of this neoplasm. The myxofibrosarcoma can be characterised as a nodular, myxoid tumor which arises in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities of elderly people (age-range: 68-72 years) and commonly has a favourable prognosis. The histological appearance is dominated by fibroblast-like cells which are usually embedded in a mucoid matrix or less often form highly cellular, sharply delineated areas. A coarse plexiform capillary pattern and an onion-like arrangement of cells around small arteries contribute to the typical histological picture and are helpful diagnostic features. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between the myxofibrosarcoma and other soft tissue tumors are discussed in detail.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Ascaris-induced allergic asthma in the conscious dog: a model for the pharmacologic modulation of immediate type hypersensitivity.

A noninvasive method has been described for producing and assessing Ascaris-induced bronchospasm in the conscious dog and the bronchial responsiveness of a colony of Ascaris-sensitive dogs has been examined over a 2 year period. Both individual and dog-to-dog variation are apparent from the study but the results differ from those of equivalent studies performed by others using anesthetized dogs in that sudden death is not observed. Furthermore, the responses to antigen are not influenced by anesthesia, a procedure that suppresses airway reactivity and pulmonary reflexes. The histamine sensitivity also varied considerably with the different dogs and this corresponded to the sensitivity of the dogs to Ascaris antigen. This model of immediate type hypersensitivity has been used to investigate the effects of bronchodilator and antiallergic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of ciramadol, dezocine, morphine and pentazocine in the anesthetized dog.

The effects of bolus and infusion of ciramadol, dezocine, morphine and pentazocine were examined in anesthetized dogs. Cardiopulmonary parameters, blood PCO2, PO2 and pH and plasma histamine determinations were made. Ciramadol (2 and 8 mg/kg) did not exhibit any major activity. Dezocine produced slight respiratory depression at 2 mg/kg but no cardiopulmonary effects were observed at this dose. At 8 mg/kg there were also reductions in pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) and resistance (RL), tidal volume (VT) and a marked arterial hypotension. Morphine (2 mg/kg) elicited significant effects on all parameters examined: marked bronchoconstriction, increased arterial PCO2 and pH and corresponding decrease in PO2, slight increase in heart rate and dramatic arterial hypotension. Morphine was the only agent studied to elevate plasma histamine. Histamine (0.015 mg/kg) mimicked the cardiopulmonary actions of morphine but was virtually devoid of effect on blood gases and pH. Pentazocine (8 mg/kg) did not produce bronchoconstriction but did increase VT and reduce respiratory frequency. It produced increases in arterial PCO2 and reductions in pH and PO2. There was a slight bradycardia and hypotension within this dose. These results demonstrate that both ciramadol and dezocine possess less potential than either morphine or pentazocine for producing bronchoconstriction, respiratory depression, hypotension and histamine release.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific sample preparation in colorectal cancer.

Large tissue samples from ten patients operated for colorectal cancer were prepared in the operating room in iced phosphate buffered saline, containing ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and protease inhibitors. After cutting the specimens into small fragments, the tissues were gently pressed through a steel mesh. Membranes were permeabilized in chilled ethanol 70% to allow cytosolic fluoresceine isothiocyanate labeling, performed with anti-cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) antibodies. Samples were quantitatively sorted with a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and denatured before processing separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. This procedure made it possible to sample about 4 x 10(7) viable normal and tumoral cells before fixation, and up to 4 x 10(6) cells after FACS. The gels run before and after fixation showed no major differences. The rate of cytokeratin-positive cells in the samples was the following (mean, CI 5-95%): mucosa 29.5% (8.9-66.7%), tumor 44.3% (6.6-94.8%). The epithelial cell content in colorectal cancer and normal mucosa shows important intersample variations. This is important for any comparison of fresh samples, whether at DNA, RNA, or at the protein level. We propose a method allowing the preparation of pure epithelial cell samples from normal and tumoral colonic fresh mucosa.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II].

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mismatch repair deficiency in sporadic synchronous colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) patients frequently develop synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC) which also occurs sporadically in other patients. Recent studies on microsatellite instability (MSI) in sporadic SCRC diverge completely in their findings (0%-100%). In the present study MSI and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins were evaluated according to standardised criteria (exclusion of a family history, MSI analysed according to NCI recommendations) METHODS: Paraffin embedded sections of SCRC of 30 patients were evaluated for MSI and the loss of protein expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2. RESULTS: 3 out of 30 (10%) patients exhibited MSI-H which 5 out of 30 (17%) showed MSI-L. Loss of protein expression of either hMLH1 or hMSH2 was found in all cases of MSI-H and none of the MSI-L cancers. CONCLUSION: MSI is found in sporadic cases of SCRC to about the same extent as it is mentioned in the literature on sporadic single colorectal cancers. Immunohistochemistry with mismatch repair proteins could be used as a pre-screening for MMR deficiency in sporadic SCRC.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ki-67 expression and residual tumour (R) classification are associated with disease-free survival in desmoid tumour patients.

BACKGROUND: In order to evaluate prognostic factors in the long-term survival of desmoid tumour patients, analysis of clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and follow-up data was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1969 and 1998, 54 patients underwent resection of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid) and 33 of them (10 patients with FAP and 23 sporadic) were followed-up with a median time of 130 months (range 10-355 months). Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis of the desmoid tumours using Ki-67 was performed. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, curative resection (R0) (p<0.001) and low proliferation of Ki-67 (p=0.002) were of significant positive prognostic value concerning disease-free survivaL R0 and absence of Ki-67 staining were significantly associated with each other (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Ki-67 seems to serve as a predictive marker concerning disease-free survival of desmoid tumour patients. In patients presenting with Ki-67 positive desmoids, which are unlikely to be resected in a curative manner, alternative treatment (e.g. sulindac) may be preferable.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between microsatellite instability, response and survival in palliative patients with colorectal cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI), treatment response and survival in palliative patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing first-line treatment with weekly 24-hour infusion (24-h inf.) of high-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumour material from the colorectal primary carcinomas was analysed for 43 patients. MSI analysis was carried out and immunohistochemistry was performed with hMLH1 and hMSH2. RESULTS: Tumours of 7 patients (16%) were highly instable (MSI-H). These patients had a better response rate (72% vs. 41%; p = 0.072) and a significantly better median survival (33 months, [95% CI 20-46] vs. 19 months, [95% CI 10-28]; p = 0.021) than microsatellite stable (MSS) patients (n = 36). Furthermore, MSI status was shown to be an independent predictive marker for survival (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: These data provide further support for the hypothesis that MSI-H CRC might have a better response and survival than (MSS) CRC in palliative first-line treatment.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of serum specific immunoglobulin antibodies to determine Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis.

A prospective study in 169 consecutive patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was initiated to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum Helicobacter pylori (HP) specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) an excellent correlation between serologic evidence of HP and the demonstration of this organism by histology and urease test in 79 HP-positive patients was found. Serum IgG also correlated with the histological degree and the activity of gastritis. Our results demonstrate that serum IG G antibodies, as determined by ELISA, are highly useful for diagnosis of HP-associated gastritis.

Adolescent↗