[An investigation on health conditions of South American workers of Japanese parentage].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kido
Publications and source records attributed to T Kido.
Dose-response relationship between dietary cadmium intake and metallothioneinuria in a population from a cadmium-polluted area of Japan.
An epidemiological study to examine the dose-response relationship for environmental cadmium exposure was performed in 1843 cadmium-exposed and 240 non-exposed inhabitants of the Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa, Japan. The average cadmium concentration in rice from each village was employed as an indicator of cadmium exposure and the individuals were grouped according to the length of residence in the polluted area. Metallothioneinuria was used as an index of renal tubular dysfunction produced by the chronic exposure to cadmium. A dose-related increase in metallothioneinuria was observed. The chronic total cadmium intake resulting in metallothioneinuria in this population was calculated to be approximately 2 g for both men and women. The cumulative lifetime dose of 2 g cadmium over a 50-year period, means an average daily intake of 110 micrograms. Thus, these values may be regarded as the maximum allowable lifetime and daily intake limits, respectively for chronic dietary exposure to cadmium.
Administration, Oral↗
Assessment of cadmium-induced osteopenia by measurement of serum bone Gla protein, parathyroid hormone, and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
To assess the osteopenia induced by environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure by measurement of serum bone Gla protein (BGP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25(OH)2D), 29 men and 41 women who lived in a Cd-polluted area and showed renal tubular dysfunction were selected. To evaluate the degree of osteopenia, microdensitometry (MD) was used. Compared with the non-exposed subjects, the levels of serum creatinine and BGP, urinary Cd and beta 2-microglobulin and blood Cd were higher, while the levels of serum inorganic phosphorus and MD indicators were lower in the Cd-exposed group. In simple correlation matrix, BGP showed significant correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (S-Al-p) and MD indicators in the Cd-exposed men, and also correlations with S-Al-p and 1 alpha-25(OH)2D in the Cd-exposed women. Applying multivariate analysis to the Cd-exposed subjects, BGP, %TRP and base excess were found to show significant associations with the MD indicators in the men. In the women, PTH, age, blood Cd and BGP were associated significantly with the MD indicators. Only serum BGP showed a significant correlation in both sexes of the Cd-exposed subjects, and a sex difference was found in the relationship between bone metabolic markers and osteopenia. These results suggest that serum BGP has a close independent association with the osteopenia induced by Cd exposure and that BGP, which has a different biological function from that of PTH or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, may be a useful indicator to detect bone damage in Cd-exposed subjects.
Adult↗
Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and metallothionein in a Japanese population environmentally exposed to cadmium.
The dose-response relationship between cadmium (Cd) exposure and renal dysfunction, as measured by urinary Cd and metallothoinein (MT), was evaluated in a population living in the Kakehashi River basin, a Cd-polluted area in Japan. Morning urine specimens were collected from 1397 men and 1713 women who were 50 years or older. In addition, urine specimens were collected from a control population consisting of 110 men and 130 women. The 97.5% upper limits for MT in the control population were used to determine the prevalence rates for MT-uria at various urinary Cd concentrations. Probit linear regression analysis showed significant dose-response relationships between MT and Cd. In the control population, prevalence rates of MT-uria for men and women were 1.8 and 3.1%, respectively. Based on the prevalence rates of MT-uria in the control population, the upper limits for the urinary Cd concentrations were calculated from the slopes of the regression lines to be 4.2 and 4.8 micrograms/g creatinine for men and women, respectively. These values, which are similar to those reported previously using urinary beta 2-microglobulin as the indicator, may be of use in establishing the biological threshold, i.e. maximum allowable concentration, for urinary Cd in the environmentally exposed Japanese population.
Age Factors↗
Significant increase of urinary mucoprotein in environmental-cadmium-exposed Japanese subjects.
Urinary mucoprotein (U-MP) was determined in 169 Japanese environmental-cadmium-exposed and 81 non-exposed subjects. Urinary total protein, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), cadmium (Cd) and creatinine were also measured. Significant increases in U-MP and other proteins were found in the Cd-exposed subjects. Significant correlations between each protein were seen in the Cd-exposed and the total group of subjects. U-MP was highly correlated with urinary beta 2-MG and their correlation coefficient was the highest in the total group of subjects. beta 2-MG was the most sensitive indicator among them to detect Cd-induced renal dysfunction, although beta 2-MG is degraded in urine with a pH less than 5.5 U-MP is an acid-soluble protein. Therefore, U-MP is also available for studies on renal dysfunction caused by exposure to Cd, in conjunction with beta 2-MG.
Albuminuria↗
Alcohol, high blood pressure, and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level.
The influence of the level of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a biological marker of alcohol consumption, on elevations of blood pressure and on the development of hypertension related to increases in alcohol consumption was determined in a cross-sectional study of 1,492 middle-aged male workers and in a subsequent 5-year follow-up study of 1,393 workers. Blood pressure levels, as well as the prevalence and incidence of hypertension, were higher in the subjects with serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels above 50 units/l than in those with normal levels. These differences were more marked in drinkers who consumed 30 ml or more of alcohol per day. Thus, elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity may identify drinkers at higher risk for the development of alcohol-related hypertension.
Adult↗
[Significance of urinary cadmium concentration as an indicator of cadmium exposure in a population exposed to cadmium in a general environment].
Study was made on the significance of urinary cadmium concentration as an indicator of internal dose in a general environment polluted by cadmium. As an index of external dose, the mean rice cadmium concentration in each of 23 villages was employed. Morning urine samples were collected from 3,178 inhabitants of 23 cadmium-polluted villages of Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa Prefecture and 294 inhabitants of two nonpolluted villages. Cadmium concentration in urine was determined. In addition, their residential history and intake of cadmium-polluted rice were obtained. All the subjects were 50 years of age or over. Participation rates were 91% for the polluted area and 94% for the nonpolluted area. Urinary cadmium concentrations were higher in the inhabitants of the cadmium-polluted area than in those of the nonpolluted area. Among the inhabitants in the cadmium-polluted area, urinary cadmium concentrations were higher in the subjects who had consumed cadmium polluted rice than in those who had not. The mean urinary cadmium concentrations in each village increased proportionally to increase in mean village rice cadmium concentration (intensity of exposure) when the inhabitants were classified according to period of residence at their present address. The mean urinary cadmium concentrations in each village were also significantly correlated with period of residence at the present address (duration of exposure) when the inhabitants were classified according to mean rice cadmium concentration of their village. It is concluded that urinary cadmium concentration mainly reflects the body burden of cadmium in a general environment polluted by cadmium.
Adult↗
[Significance of blood pressure at the time of work place health checkup in comparison with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure].
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Blood Pressure↗
Glycoconjugates in the otolithic organ of the developing chick embryo.
The presence of glycoconjugates in the otolithic organ of developing chick embryos was investigated histochemically using lectins. On the 6-day-old chick embryo, intense labelling with lectins was observed in the sensory epithelium, on the surface of the epithelium and on the immature otoconia. The otoconia were intensely labelled with lectins at every stage of the chick embryos, while the labelling with lectins in the sensory epithelium became weaker with the maturing of the otoconia. In TEM observation, the secretory granules of the supporting cells of the sensory epithelium were labelled with lectin. The reaction of lectin was more intense in the electronic dense zone of the otoconium than in the electronic lucent zone at every stage of the chick embryos. These findings indicate that the precursors of the otoconia are secreted by the supporting cells of the sensory epithelium and that glycoconjugates play an important role in otoconial formation.
Animals↗
Embolization of arteriovenous malformations with peripheral aneurysms using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Report of three cases.
The authors report three cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) with aneurysms arising from the feeding artery; all were successfully treated with a new nonadhesive liquid embolic material, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL). In two patients the AVM's were totally removed without difficulty, and in one the AVM was managed conservatively after embolization. No new neurological deficits appeared during or after embolization. After road-mapping techniques, EVAL was injected slowly until the feeding artery and aneurysm were completely obliterated. This embolic agent is easy to handle and is considered safe compared with other adhesive liquid embolic agents, such as isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate or n-butyl cyanoacrylate. It is concluded that EVAL is an excellent agent for embolizing an AVM with a peripheral aneurysm on the feeding artery.
Adult↗
Elevations of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in hypertensive drinkers.
Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in 70 middle-aged male drinkers with or without elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) activity and high BP. Serum ACE activity in hypertensive drinkers with elevated serum gamma-GTP was higher than that in drinkers, both normotensive and hypertensive, with normal serum gamma-GTP. Serum ACE levels were strongly correlated with alcohol consumption and serum gamma-GTP levels. Since the induction of ACE by alcohol in hepatic cells has been disputed, the coincident elevation of serum ACE and gamma-GTP activities in hypertensive drinkers may support the contention that the close association between gamma-GTP levels and BP found in drinkers is not mainly related to the induction of gamma-GTP in the hepatic cells, but related to the hepatic cell damage caused by alcohol.
Adult↗
[Acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus].
A very rare case of acute subdural empyema due to peptostreptococcus was reported. A 11-year-old-girl was admitted to our hospital with high grade fever, unconsciousness and rt hemiparesis. CT scans showed the mass effect caused by the subdural empyema over the left frontotemporal region. Subdural empyema was evacuated by the craniotomy. Peptostreptococcus was found in the pus obtained during the operation. However, CT scans 10 days after the operation revealed another subdural empyema in the left frontal base and interhemispheric fissure, which was removed again by the craniotomy using coronal incision 14 days after the first operation. Frontal sinusitis was also demonstrated by CT scan. Killian's operation to the frontal sinusitis was performed by otorhinolaryngologists at the same time. Six weeks after the second operation, she was discharged without any neurological deficits. Peptostreptococcus is one of the indigenous microflora of the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system and may be a causative microorganism in every type of human infection due to its abnormal localization. There is a controversy concerning surgical management subdural empyema. Both the burr hole drainage of pus and the craniotomy are advocated. Associated otorhinologic lesions must not be overlooked. Otorhinologic consultation should immediately be obtained so that the drainage of an infected paranasal or mastoid sinus can be performed at the time of craniotomy. This is critical to prevent the recurrence of the subdural empyema from further extension of the extracranial disease.
Acute Disease↗
[Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma: a case report].
A 55-year-old man was shot at the age of 50. At that time CT revealed a mass near the spleen. Thereafter, CT did not reveal any growth of the mass, but to examine the mass in detail he was hospitalized to our department. The mass was diagnosed as left adrenal cavernous hemangioma, since, on aortography, it was typical cavernous hemangioma and fed mainly from the left inferior phrenic artery. The mass was resected with the spleen, thoracic wall, and part of diaphragma. At the operation the left adrenal gland was identified to be intact. Histopathological diagnosis was retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma. This is the 19th case of retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma in the Japanese literature.
Hemangioma, Cavernous↗
Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding bovine thymus poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase: evolutionarily conserved segments and their potential functions.
The primary structure of bovine thymus poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, indicated that this enzyme is composed of 1016 amino acids (aa) with an Mr of 113,481. An abundance of Lys and Arg residues was in accord with the known basic nature of this protein. A comparison with reported sequences of human counterparts revealed: (1) three functional domains separated by partial proteolysis, i.e., DNA-binding (N-terminal), automodification (central), and NAD-binding (C-terminal) domains, have, in this order, increasing degrees of homology; (2) the DNA-binding domain is composed of two distinct regions: one, less conserved, containing zinc-binding fingers and the other, more conserved, containing helix-turn-helix motifs; (3) all Glu and Asp residues in the automodification domain are conserved; and (4) a 78-aa stretch encompassing the nucleotide-binding fold in the NAD-binding domain is completely conserved. These results are compatible with specific features of each domain, i.e., complex DNA-enzyme interactions, multiple automodification at acidic aa residues, and a stringent specificity for the substrate, NAD.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Serum vitamin D metabolites in cadmium-exposed persons with renal damage.
Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1 alpha,25(OH)2D] were measured in ten cadmium (Cd)-exposed subjects and five non exposed subjects. The Cd-exposed subjects were divided into two groups according to serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D levels. No significant differences for 25(OH)D were found between the Cd-exposed group with low or normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D and the non exposed group. The concentrations of 24,25(OH)2D were the lowest in the Cd-exposed group with low serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, highest in the non exposed group, and significantly lower in the Cd-exposed group with normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D than in the non exposed group. Renal function was much worse in the Cd-exposed group with low serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D than in the group with normal serum 1 alpha,25(OH)2D. These findings indicate that Cd initially disturbs hydroxylation from 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D and then disturbs hydroxylation from 25(OH)D to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D. The decrease of serum 24,25(OH)2D and 1 alpha,25(OH)2D in Cd-exposed subjects is not due to a decrease of the serum 25(OH)D level.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
Prevalence of metallothioneinuria among the population living in the Kakehashi River basin in Japan--an epidemiological study.
An epidemiological study to evaluate cadmium-induced renal dysfunction by urinary metallothionein levels was carried out in an environmentally-exposed Japanese population. The study population consisted of 3168 men and women from a cadmium-polluted area who were 50 years and older and 291 individuals from a non-polluted area. The mean metallothionein levels in urine of the control population were 138.2 +/- 2.1 and 198.6 +/- 1.9 microgram/g creatinine for men and women, respectively. The corresponding values for the cadmium-exposed population were 157.8 +/- 2.2 and 248.0 +/- 2.2. The 97.5% upper limits for men in the control population was determined to be 638 and for women 693 microgram MT/g creatinine. Based on these values as the cut-off levels, the prevalence of metallothioneinuria was calculated to be 4.6% in men and 8.4% in women from the cadmium-polluted area. Further selection of the population, based on life-time residence in the polluted area accompanied with the consumption of cadmium-containing rice, showed an even greater prevalence of metallothioneinuria: 5.4% in men and 10.9% in women of all ages. The prevalence of metallothioneinuria increased with age and duration of residence in the polluted area. These results suggest that metallothioneinuria can be used as an indicator of renal dysfunction due to environmental cadmium exposure.
Age Factors↗
The association between renal dysfunction and osteopenia in environmental cadmium-exposed subjects.
Two hundred and three cadmium (Cd)-exposed subjects with renal dysfunction and 80 non-exposed subjects were examined to reveal the relationship between Cd-induced renal dysfunction and osteopenia. As biological indicators of renal function, urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-mg), and serum creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus were selected. Cd in the urine and blood was also measured. The results indicated that significant differences exist between both sexes in Cd-exposed as well as nonexposed subjects. To evaluate the degree of osteopenia, a microdensitometrical (MD) method was used. The relationships between biological parameters and each index of the MD method were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Age, urinary beta 2-mg, and serum creatinine were significantly associated with indices of osteopenia in Cd-exposed men. In contrast, age showed the most significant association with MD indices in women of both groups. However, urinary beta 2-mg was significantly associated with MD indices only in Cd-exposed women. In Cd-exposed subjects, after the number of predictor variables was increased, urinary beta 2-mg was also strongly associated with osteopenia. These results suggest a causal relationship between renal dysfunction and osteopenia in Cd-exposed subjects.
Age Factors↗
[Prevalence of pleural thickening observed in chest X-ray films of workers in a non-asbestos industry].
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Adult↗