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Biomedical subjects

T Kennedy

Publications and source records attributed to T Kennedy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nifedipine.

Nifedipine is a potent slow channel calcium antagonist and systemic vasodilator recently reported to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in man. Other systemic vasodilators have also been shown to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, but their effects in some species may be mediated by reflex beta-adrenergic discharge. We evaluated the effect of nifedipine on the relation between pulmonary arterial pressure and blood flow during hyperoxia (inspired partial pressure of oxygen [PO2] 200 mm Hg) and hypoxia (inspired PO2 50 mm Hg) in denervated ventilated pig lungs perfused in situ with the animal's own blood. Ten lungs were ventilated with alternating 15 minute periods of hyperoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia shifted the pulmonary artery pressure (x axis)-blood flow (y axis) relationship to the right and decreased its slope, indicating vasoconstriction. Nifedipine, given as a 0.1, 1, or 10 microgram/kg bolus into the pulmonary artery, caused a dose-dependent reduction of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. It is concluded that nifedipine is a potent pulmonary vasodilator acting locally within the lung and that it might be useful in the therapy of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension from chronic lung disease in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Entrapment neuropathy of the inferior branch of the suprascapular nerve by ganglia.

In a 37-year-old man, bilateral infraspinatus muscle weakness was associated with compression of the suprascapular nerve. The compression occurred at the spinoscapular angle by bilateral development of ganglia. The lesion was confirmed by electromyography. Surgical approaches to the area are described along with a review of the literature on different diagnosis. Complete recovery of neurologic function was documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Airway response to sublingual nitroglycerin in acute asthma.

To test the efficacy of sublingual nitroglycerin as a bronchodilator, we studied ten patients with acute asthma. After a baseline spirogram, each patient was given 1.2 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin, and subsequent spirograms were obtained a five-minute intervals for 15 minutes. Each patient was then given three subsequent doses of epinephrine (0.5 mg) subcutaneously at 15-minute intervals. Spirograms were obtained 15 minutes after each epinephrine dose. Forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) did not change significantly following sublingual nitroglycerin, but both FEV1 and FVC improved significantly after epinephrine administration. Three patients experienced transient but severe hypotension after receiving sublingual nitroglycerin. The results suggest that sublingual nitroglycerin is not adequate initial therapy for asthmatic attacks and that the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin in acute asthma may be dangerous.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Running a weight control group: experiences of a psychologist and a general practitioner.

A weight control group is described, led jointly by a general practitioner and a clinical psychologist. Approaches employed included dietary advice, behavioural advice, and group support. Of the original 16 members (including one group leader), seven dropped out at an early stage and the reasons for this are discussed. All members were re-weighed at intervals up to 18 months after the beginning of the six-month intensive period. They were also interviewed by a psychological research worker a year after the start of the group. The results suggest that a combined dietetic and psychological approach to weight control is of value.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Proximal gastric vagotomy, fundoplication, and lesser-curve necrosis.

Out of 400 patients who underwent proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV), three developed lesser-curve necrosis (LCN) leading to perforation within the first seven days. In each case diagnosis was delayed but the patient survived after a second operation. In each an associated Nissen fundoplication had been carried out; we used the combined operation in only 33 patients. Delayed LCN occurred in a patient who had undergone splenectomy at the time of the PGV and in a fifth patient treated elsewhere who had also undergone fundoplication. These findings indicate that early postoperative gastric distension with gas, not readily voided after fundoplication, may aggravate local vascular factors and predispose to LCN. We suggest that PGV combined with fundoplication may be dangerous.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A computer program for testing average partial association in three-way contingency tables (PARCAT).

PARCAT is a computer program which implements alternative tests for average partial association in three-way contingency tables within the framework of the product multiple hypergeometric probability model. Primary attention is directed at the relationship between two of the variables, controlling for the effects of a covariable. This approach is essentially a multivariate extension of the Cochran/Mantel-Haenszel test to sets of (s x r) tables. A set of scores such as uniform, ridits, or probits can be assigned to categories which are ordinally scaled. In particular, if ridit scores with midranks assigned for ties are utilized, this procedure is equivalent to a partial Kruskal-Wallis test when one variable is ordinally scaled, and is equivalent to a partial Spearman rank correlation test when both variables are ordinally scaled.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Cimetidine for recurrent ulcer after vagotomy or gastrectomy: a randomised controlled trial.

In a randomised controlled trial cimetidine 1 g daily for six weeks was compared with placebo in the treatment of recurrent ulcers after gastrectomy or vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Healing, assessed endoscopically, was seen in seven out of 12 patients given cimetidine and in five out of 12 controls. Four of the controls whose ulcers did not heal were subsequently treated with cimetidine, and in two the ulcers healed after six weeks. Pain recorded by the patient and consumption of alkalis were each slightly but not significantly less in the cimetidine-treated patients. When cimetidine is to be used for recurrent ulceration probably the dosage and duration of treatment should be increased.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1978

Closure of gastrojejunostomy for the relief of post-vagotomy symptoms.

When dumping, diarrhoea or bile vomiting follows vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, simple closure of the stoma, without alternative drainage, has been performed in 19 patients. Thirteen patients, 5 with truncal, 7 with selective and 1 with proximal gastric vagotomy, have been followed up for 1-6 years. Five were completely relieved of symptoms, 7 improved and there was only 1 complete failure. Bile vomiting was more often relieved than dumping or diarrhoea. The procedure is safe and significant gastric retention does not occur provided that at least one year is allowed to elaspse after the primary operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Roux diversion for bile reflux following gastric surgery.

Regurgitation of bile into the stomach after gastric surgery often causes severe and distressing symptoms, though the onset may be delayed for some years. We have used a Roux loop diversion as a secondary procedure for bile reflux in 36 patients, making the anastomosis from 18 to 40 cm below the stomach. There were no deaths and the clinical results were good in 20 of 27 patients followed up from 1 to 10 years. Vagotomy was omitted in 13 patients, 2 of whom subsequently developed jejunal ulceration. One patient developed an unexplained gastric ulcer and 2 operations failed because the loop was too short. The optimum length may well be 40 cm and vagotomy should be added in all cases. In 3 patients with associated dumping the upper 10 cm of the Roux loop was reversed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of tocopherol on photooxidation rate of human erythrocyte membrane in vitro.

Study indicates that tocopherol's ability to prevent erythrocyte photohemolysis is a result of selective chemical trapping of the photooxidation-generated oxidant, singlet oxygen, before it can cause peroxidation of the essential unsaturated lipids in the erythrocyte membrane. The data provide fundamental information that support the purported clinical efficacy of tocopherol in the treatment of congenital erythrocyte membrane oxyhemolysis.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗