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Biomedical subjects

T Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to T Kelly.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk biliary operations: multicenter trial of single preoperative ceftriaxone versus multidose cefazolin.

A prospective, double-blind trial of a single preoperative dose of ceftriaxone, a new long-acting cephalosporin, versus one preoperative and three postoperative doses of cefazolin was carried out in 81 patients at high risk of infection after biliary surgery. Indications for antibiotic prophylaxis included recent or ongoing cholecystitis (52 patients), common duct stones (14 patients), common duct obstruction (3 patients), and age greater than 70 years (22 patients). Intraoperative bile cultures were positive in 7 of 41 patients (17.1 percent) given ceftriaxone and 12 of 40 patients (30 percent) given cefazolin, but there were no wound infections in either group. Neither regimen was associated with significant antibiotic resistance. Side effects, such as proteinuria and elevated liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase levels, were transient and not definitely related to the antibiotics. We conclude that a single preoperative dose of ceftriaxone is as effective as multiple perioperative doses of cefazolin in the prophylaxis of infection associated with biliary tract surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Abnormality of cartilage collagen in a patient with unclassified chondrodystrophy.

We have described a previously unrecognized chondrodystrophy characterized by short-limbed dwarfism, blue sclera, severe cardiopulmonary problems, and failure of postnatal growth. The first of two siblings thus affected died at age 6 months following attempted correction of an atrial septal defect. Growth plate cartilage from multiple sites obtained at autopsy showed a marked abnormality of architecture on the light microscopic level. Biochemical studies demonstrated an absence of normal alpha 1(II) collagen in costochondral junction growth plate cartilage and an appearance of the major collagen in a band which comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 3 alpha collagen. Cartilage extracted from structural rib appeared to be normal.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1983

Isodicentric X chromosome in a girl with gonadal dysgenesis.

Chromosomal analysis on a 15-year-old girl with amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual development showed a normal X chromosome and an isodicentric X chromosome, 46,X, idic(x) (pter leads to q23::q23 leads to pter). Thus the patient has duplicated and deleted X chromosome material. There was no evidence of 45,X mosaicism. Brd U-labeling revealed the abnormal X to be late-replicating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Proteins involved in the attachment of actin to the plasma membrane.

Proteins that may be involved in two types of actin-membrane association are discussed. The first set includes alpha-actinin, vinculin, fimbrin and a new cytoskeletal protein that are all concentrated in adhesion plaques, those regions of cultured fibroblasts where bundles of actin microfilaments terminate and where the plasma membrane comes close to the underlying substrate. The properties of non-muscle alpha-actinin suggest that it functions to cross-link actin filaments and thereby stabilize microfilament bundles rather than functioning in their attachment to the membrane. Fimbrin also appears to be involved in bundling of filaments rather than in attachment. In contrast, vinculin binds to the ends of actin filaments in vitro and is probably the best candidate for a role in the attachment of actin to membranes at the adhesion plaque. The discovery of a new protein, 215k, of unknown function, in the adhesion plaque suggests that many more proteins remain to be identified in this region. Attachment of actin filaments to other regions of the plasma membrane is also considered and a protein is described that seems to be a spectrin in brain and other tissues. The brain protein resembles erythrocyte spectrin in its physical properties, in binding actin, in being associated with cell membranes and in cross-reacting immunologically. We suggest that the brain protein and erythrocyte spectrin both belong to a family of related proteins (the spectrins) which function in the attachment of actin to membranes in many different cell types.

Actinin↗
PubMed1982

Alterations of spontaneous quantal transmitter release at the mammalian neuromuscular junction induced by divalent and trivalent ions.

The present studies have demonstrated that Ca and Sr have a similar ability to support the release of spontaneous quanta of transmitter at the rat neuromuscular junction. The foreign ions Co, Pb, Zn and La have also been shown to support spontaneous release, although the time course of the increase in miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) caused by these ions is much slower than that caused by Ca and Sr. However, Sr, Co, Pb and Zn were unable to sustain m.e.p.p.s for prolonged periods. High extracellular K (10--15 mM) inhibited the steady state m.e.p.p. frequency in Ca and Sr concentrations above 1 mM, and also delayed the m.e.p.p. frequency increase induced by 1 mM Pb. It is suggested that K ions directly inhibit divalent ion entry into the nerve terminal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Nonerythrocyte spectrins: actin-membrane attachment proteins occurring in many cell types.

The properties of brain fodrin have been analyzed and compared with those of erythrocyte spectrin. Both proteins consist of high molecular weight polypeptide doublets on SDS polyacrylamide gels and in solution behave as very large asymmetric molecules. Both proteins show a characteristic increase in sedimentation coefficient in the presence of 20 mM KCl. Antibodies against the brain protein cross-react with erythrocyte spectrin and cross-react with similar high molecular weight doublet polypeptides in SDS polyacrylamide gels of other cell types and plasma membrane preparations. Both proteins bind actin. The brain protein and erythrocyte spectrin show specific and competitive binding to erythrocyte membranes and this binding is inhibited by antibodies against erythrocyte ankyrin. Several of these properties distinguish these proteins from the class of high molecular weight actin-binding proteins that includes filamin and macrophage actin-binding protein. We conclude that together with erythrocyte spectrin, the brain protein and equivalent, immunologically related proteins in other cell types belong to a single class of proteins with the common function of attachment of actin to plasma membranes. Based on the structural and functional similarities, the name spectrin would seem appropriate for this whole class of proteins.

Actins↗
PubMed1981

Spondylocostal dysostosis associated with anal and urogenital anomalies in a Mennonite sibship.

Spondylocostal dysostosis, anal atresia, and urogenital anomalies were observed in two male infants of a consanguineous Mennonite couple. A careful review of previously reported syndromes of severe vertebral abnormalities and/or imperforate anus suggests that our patients have a previously undescribed recessive disorder that should be included in the differential diagnosis of rib and vertebral anomaly syndromes.

Anus, Imperforate↗
PubMed1980

The van der Woude syndrome in a large kindred: variability, penetrance, genetic risks.

The van der Woude syndrome was studied in a seven-generation kindred. Lip pits were the most common manifestation of affected persons. They occurred in 88% of the affected and were the only manifestations in 64%; clefts of lip and palate occurred in 21%. Penetrance was 96.7%. Careful examination showed minor manifestations of the syndrome in several individuals who had considered themselves unaffected. The distribution of manifestations and the risk to off-spring differed appreciably from that reported in the literature. The implications of these findings for genetic counseling are discussed.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1980

Lower limb anomalies in the thrombocytopenia absent-radius (TAR) syndrome.

We report a case of the TAR syndrome with severe abnormalities of the lower limbs. The syndrome of thrombocytopenia and radial deformities occasionally presents diagnostic difficulties when severe limb anomalies are present. Based on this case and 2 additional cases from the literature, reduction anomalies of the lower limbs should be considered part of the TAR syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Chronic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration and schedule-induced aggression.

The effects of 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on key-pecking maintained by a response-initiated fixed interval (FI) schedule of food presentation and schedule-induced aggression in the pigeon were studied. Initially, following the administration of delta 9-THC both the rate of key-pecking and attack responding were markedly reduced. Over sessions, tolerance developed to the suppressant effect on key-pecking, with the rate returning to the predrug level. The suppressing effect of delta 9-THC on the rate of attack remained at or near zero throughout the series of delta 9-THC injections.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

A perspective for pediatric surgeons: chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction.

Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIIP) is a disorder of alimentary tract motility with onset of symptoms in adolescence or young adulthood, characterized by recurring attacks of abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation often leading to malnutrition and death. Starting with an adolescent patient, treated for a succession of life-threatening attacks of pseudoobstruction, the authors have identified CIIP in four generations of a Virginia family. Studies show characteristic dilation and diminished motility of the esophagus and intestine. Surgery's role in CIIP is palliative, and operation should only be offered when medical measures have failed to control symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Prognostic significance of endocardial viability ratio in aortocoronary bypass surgery.

Although aortocoronary bypass (ACB) for patients with stable angina carries a low mortality, some unexpected deaths do occur. Since in patients with normal coronary arteries the endocardial viability ratio (EVR) can be correlated with subendocardial perfusion, with a ratio of 0.7 or less indicating ischemia of the left ventricular subendocardium, and since the EVR postoperatively is useful in determining the need for intra-aortic balloon pump assist (IABPA), it was decided to ascertain whether the EVR might have prognostic value in patients with stable angina scheduled for standard ACB. Three groups of patients were studied: 50 with stable angina, 24 who had died after ACB, and 18 who required IABPA for cardiogenic shock after surgery for stable angina. No significant differences were found for cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and pre- and postoperative artery scores, but there were significant differences in the EVR between the first and second groups and between the first and third groups (P less than 0.01 in each instance). These findings suggest that the left ventricular EVR may indeed be of prognostic value in patients scheduled to undergo ACB and that use of IABPA, which produces an increase in EVR, may be useful in patients with EVRs of less than 0.7, even if other parameters of cardiac function are normal.

Angina Pectoris↗