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Biomedical subjects

T Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to T Kelly.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Relationship of auditory middle latency response and stem-word completion test as indicators of implicit memory formation during general anesthesia.

Anesthesia providers are unable to objectively evaluate the amnesic status of an anesthetized patient. One purpose of the study was to evaluate the anesthetized patient's ability to process auditory information while receiving an inhalational or intravenous anesthetic regimen. The other purpose was to examine the relationship of the Pa latency of the auditory middle latency response (AMLR) with the stem-word completion test as an intraoperative indicator of implicit memory formation during general anesthesia. One hundred one adults were randomly assigned in a single-blinded design to either a midazolam or sevoflurane anesthetic regimen. Midazolam was administered at 0.540 microgram/kg per minute with fentanyl and 50% nitrous oxide. The other anesthetic regimen was 1.4% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane with fentanyl and 50% nitrous oxide. A list of 10 words was repeated 16 times. AMLRs were recorded intraoperatively. The difference between the midazolam groups borderlined statistical significance (P = .07) in illustrating that one may potentially process auditory information while anesthetized. Dissimilar findings were found between the sevoflurane groups (P = .77). An inverse correlation was demonstrated between the midazolam group and Pa latency of the AMLR (r = -0.40, P = .047). Multiple regression of the midazolam group demonstrated that the employment status (r2 = .297, P = .005) and the Pa latency (r2 = .238, P = .003) were the best predictors of the postoperative stem-word completion test (F = 12.61, P = .001). In contrast, no correlation was noted in the sevoflurane group (r = 0.43, P = .07). Thus, the continued evaluation of the AMLR as an intraoperative indicator of implicit memory formation is warranted. With the establishment of the AMLR as an indicator of implicit memory formation during general anesthesia, anesthesia providers could then address the occurrences of traumatic neurosis in the postoperative surgical patient and strive to avoid the medicolegal concerns that may face the healthcare team.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the ulnar forearm flap.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a generous fasciocutaneous ulnar forearm free flap in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. DESIGN: Tertiary referral center. SETTING: Private practice. PATIENTS: From September 1, 1991, to October 30, 1996, 20 ulnar forearm free flaps were used to reconstruct the pharyngoesophagus in 19 patients after surgery for squamous cell carcinoma. There were 13 circumferential defects and 7 near-circumferential defects (<2 cm of mucosa remaining). The reconstructions were performed primarily (at the time of tumor resection) in 16 cases and secondarily in 4 cases. INTERVENTION: A generous fasciocutaneous ulnar forearm flap with a minimum dimension of 9 x 22 cm was harvested to reconstruct the pharyngoesophagus. A 2-layer closure was performed in flap tailoring and proximal (pharynx to flap) and distal (flap to esophagus) anastomoses to minimize the risk of leakage. Also, portions of the flap were used to monitor flap viability, to cover cervical vessels, to obliterate dead space, and as skin coverage when the skin flaps were deficient. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 20 flaps transferred were successful. Swallow function was restored in 18 cases, and voice was rehabilitated in all the patients using either tracheoesophageal puncture and a voice device or an electrolarynx device. There was 1 perioperative mortality. Three fistulas occurred, all of which healed with nonsurgical treatment. One stricture developed that required intermittent dilatation. The donor site morbidity was minor. CONCLUSIONS: This versatile technique achieves excellent results with a decreased complication rate compared with other methods currently available in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (9E3 gene product): its angiogenic properties reside in the C-terminus of the molecule.

Chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (cCAF) is a 9 kDa protein that belongs to the C-X-C family of chemokines and shows high homology to IL-8 and MGSA/groalpha. It is produced abundantly shortly after wounding and in the granulation tissues of wounds, especially in areas of neovascularization, suggesting that it is important in angiogenesis. In the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo assay system, cCAF is chemotactic for monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes, is angiogenic, and can by itself trigger the formation of granulation-like tissue. We have further investigated the angiogenic properties of this protein to determine what part of the molecule is responsible for this function. Through pellet-release studies in the CAM we show that low doses of the C-terminal 28-aa peptide stimulate oriented blood vessel growth in the CAM without attracting leukocytes. At higher doses the peptide stimulated extensive tortuosity and sprouting of the tertiary blood vessels. Deposition of the peptide under the skin of the wings of newly-hatched chicks resulted in an increase of the number of microvessels in the tissue in the area of application without the presence of leukocytes. Therefore, the C-terminal peptide recapitulates all of the angiogenic properties of the full cCAF molecule, but does not have the chemotactic properties for leukocytes, and it does not cause development of granulation-like tissue. These results coupled with our earlier work in wounded chicks suggest that cCAF directly participates in angiogenesis and that the C-terminal portion of the molecule can perform this function.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1998

Antitumor effect of the nucleoside analogs 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine on human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors in the world. Although a wide range of therapeutic options is available, the efficacy of these methods and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma are still very poor. The nucleoside analogs 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (Cladribine, 2-CdA) and 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine, dFdC) have shown potent cytotoxic effects on various human tumor cell lines in vitro and marked therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and several solid tumors in vivo. In the present study we evaluated the antitumor effect of 2-CdA and dFdC on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. METHODS: HepG2 cells were grown in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of 2-CdA and dFdC. Antitumor activity was assessed by inhibition of cell growth, evaluated by counting cell numbers in a hemocytometer and by 3H-thymidine uptake, and by reduction of cell viability as determined by exclusion of 0.1% trypan blue. For rescue experiments, the natural pyrimidine deoxycytidine (dCyd) was added simultaneously or delayed. RESULTS: A strong antitumor activity was observed for both compounds. dFdC showed a more pronounced effect with an inhibition constant (IC50) of 3.98+/-0.03 nM in comparison to 2-CdA with an IC50 of 16.66+/-0.40 nM. Both drugs achieved their half-maximal antitumor activity after 31 h. With respect to dFdC, fractionated daily administrations showed a distinctly greater antitumor activity than a single transient administration. The cytotoxic effects of 2-CdA and dFdC were completely reversed by simultaneous addition of dCyd. CONCLUSION: In this paper we show strong antitumor effects of the nucleoside analogs 2-CdA and dFdC on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. These findings suggest that both compounds, but in particular dFdC, are promising substances for further evaluations in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1998

Proteolysis of extracellular matrix by invadopodia facilitates human breast cancer cell invasion and is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases.

Breast cancer cell lines vary in invasive behavior and one highly invasive cell line (MDA-MB-231) proteolytically degrades extracellular matrix with invadopodia (Thompson et al. 1992, J Cell Physiol, 150, 534-44; Chen et al 1994, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 31, 217-26). Invadopodial proteolysis of extracellular matrix is thought to be necessary for invasion; however, this has not been demonstrated directly. To obtain such evidence, normal (HBL-100) and malignant (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) breast cells were evaluated for invadopodial proteolysis of extracellular matrix and invasive behavior. We report that invadopodial proteolysis of immobilized fibronectin is positively correlated with invasion of cells into type I collagen gels. Moreover, reducing the proteolytic activity of invadopodia with the metalloproteinase inhibitor, batimastat (BB-94), also decreases invasion indicating that breast cancer cell invasion is dependent upon proteolytically active invadopodia.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Seprase, a membrane-bound protease, is overexpressed by invasive ductal carcinoma cells of human breast cancers.

The increased cell surface expression of the serine integral membrane protease, seprase, has been associated with the invasive behavior of human melanoma cell lines in vitro. The present study investigates the expression of seprase in malignant, premalignant, benign, and normal human breast tissues. The 170-kDa gelatinase activity of seprase was identified in extracts of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC). Protein bands corresponding to the proteolytically active 170-kDa seprase dimer and its 97-kDa seprase subunit protein were identified by immunoblot analysis of IDC extracts using an antiserum elicited against immunoaffinity-purified seprase. Immunohistochemical analysis of seprase expression in 41 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of human breast tissue revealed preferential immunoreactivity with the malignant cells of IDC (27 cases). Within individual IDC specimens, the stromal cells or morphologically normal epithelium revealed low labeling that was always significantly less than the labeling of neoplastic cells. Lymph node metastases of IDC cells were also strongly positive, but the lymphoid tissue in affected nodes was not stained. Neoplastic cells in DC in situ (5 cases) exhibited variable levels of staining. Epithelial cells of benign fibroadenoma specimens (2 cases) and benign proliferative breast disease (5 cases) exhibited little or no immunoreactivity. Epithelial cells of normal breast tissue (1 case) were not stained. The overexpression of seprase by DC cells is consistent with seprase having a role in facilitating invasion and metastasis of IDC of the breast. The cell surface localization of seprase could be used to target therapeutic agents to malignant breast cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Elevated levels of shed syndecan-1 correlate with tumour mass and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma.

Sera from 20 myeloma patients and 12 normal controls were analysed for the presence of syndecan-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The level of syndecan-1 in the serum was elevated in 7/20 (3 5%) myeloma patients whilst 6/19 patients (31%) had decreased serum MMP-9 activity. The presence of increased syndecan-1 was associated with decreased serum MMP-9. Both elevated syndecan-1 and decreased MMP-9 were associated with higher marrow plasmacytosis, serum beta-2 microglobulin and paraprotein levels. These data provide evidence that the syndecan-1 ectodomain is shed in vivo. Quantitation of serum syndecan-1 may be a useful measure of tumour mass and may have important implications for myeloma biology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reproducibility of retrospective assessment of outdoor time-activity patterns as an individual determinant of long-term ambient ozone exposure.

BACKGROUND: Long-term effects of ambient ozone pollution are not clearly established to date. Epidemiological assessment of these effects might benefit from improved exposure measures. Tools to retrospectively assess long-term time-activity patterns as a potentially important co-predictor of true exposure have not yet been developed. METHODS: Three self-completed questionnaires for the retrospective assessment of outdoor time-activity patterns were tested in 168 lifelong residents (ages 17-21) of California. A test-retest design (within 5-7 days) was employed. (1) Based on a set of questions (AQUES) on outdoor 'heavy' and 'moderate' activity, h/day engaged in activity were derived. Definition of activity levels was based on published data regarding energy expenditure of physical activities. (2) A table format (ATAB) asked quantitative questions for each activity engaged in. (3) A 24-hour-log (A24H) had to be completed to indicate time spent outdoors in four levels of activity (heavy, moderate, light, at rest) on a 'typical day' (n = 44). Test-retest reliability was assessed. Comparison across approaches was restricted to the subgroup of 44 students that completed all three approaches. RESULTS: All approaches yielded reasonably reliable results (between-test variance 13-39% of total variance, Spearman rank correlations: 0.68-0.86 for time spent in outdoor activities). Population mean values differed across approaches, ranging from 1.0 (ATAB) to an unrealistically high estimate of 3.5 (A24H) h/day. The ATAB mean values were close to expectations when compared to published data. CONCLUSIONS: The structure of ATAB has major advantages and mean results were the most valid estimates compared to California population data. The AQUES is a less transparent 'black box' measure of exposure. For long-term retrospective time-activity assessment, we propose to use ATAB. For shorter recall periods the easier AQUES may be a reasonable alternative, yielding similar results as ATAB. The A24H was of limited value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The 75-kilodalton antigen of Bartonella bacilliformis is a structural homolog of the cell division protein FtsZ.

A genomic library of Bartonella bacilliformis was constructed and screened with human anti-Bartonella serum from a patient with the chronic, verruga peruana phase of bartonellosis. An immunoreactive clone isolated from this library was found to code for a 591-amino-acid protein with a high degree of sequence similarity to the FtsZ family of proteins. The degree of amino acid identity between the B. bacilliformis protein (FtsZ[Bb]) and the other FtsZ proteins is especially pronounced over the N-terminal 321 amino acids (N-terminal domain) of the sequence, with values ranging from 45% identity for the homolog from Micrococcus luteus (FtsZ[Ml]) to 91% identity for the homolog from Rhizobium melliloti, (FtsZ[Rm1]). All of the functional domains required for FtsZ activity are conserved in FtsZ(Bb) and are located within the N-terminal domain of the protein. FtsZ(Bb) is approximately twice as large as most of the other FtsZ proteins previously reported, a property it shares with FtsZ(Rm1). Like the Rhizobium homolog, FtsZ(Bb) has a C-terminal region of approximately 256 amino acids that is absent in the other FtsZ proteins. Evidence is presented that implicates this region in the protein's antigenicity and suggests that, unlike most other FtsZ homologs, FtsZ(Bb) is at least partly exposed at the cell surface. PCR analysis revealed that an ftsZ gene similar in size to the B. bacilliformis gene is present in Bartonella henselae, a bacterium that is closely related to B. bacilliformis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The protective effect of beta-carotene and retinol on ventilatory function in an asbestos-exposed cohort.

The association between serum beta-carotene or retinol concentration and level of ventilatory function was investigated in a population of asbestos-exposed men with a high rate of current and former cigarette smoking. The study population consisted of 816 subjects enrolled in the pilot component of the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), a placebo-controlled trial of supplemental beta-carotene and retinyl palmitate for the chemoprevention of lung cancer. Data available for analysis included baseline questionnaire, spirometry, chest X-ray, food frequency questionnaire, and serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations. Serum beta-carotene concentration was associated with FEV1 (p < 0.05) and FVC (p < 0.05), with an approximately 100-ml increase over predicted values associated with raising the serum concentration from the 25th to the 75th percentile of the distribution in the study population (absolute difference = 155 ng/ml), even after adjustment for the confounding effects of asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking. Raising the serum retinol concentration from the 25th to the 75th percentile (absolute difference = 211 ng/ml) was associated with an approximately 70 ml increase in FVC (p < 0.05) over the predicted value. These results provide support for the hypothesis that beta-carotene and retinol have a protective effect on loss of ventilatory function.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effects of ozone on normal and potentially sensitive human subjects. Part I: Airway inflammation and responsiveness to ozone in normal and asthmatic subjects.

We report here the results of a multiphase project to assess the significance of airway responsiveness and airway injury in ozone (O3)* sensitivity. In Phase I, we measured the preexposure methacholine responsiveness of 66 normal subjects and then exposed these subjects to 0.2 ppm O3 for 4 hours with moderate exercise. Preexposure methacholine responsiveness was weakly correlated with O3-induced increases in specific airway resistance (sRaw) but not O3-induced declines in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC). In addition, O3-induced lower respiratory symptoms were not well correlated with O3-induced changes in lung function. In Phase II, we exposed 23 normal subjects to O3, following an identical protocol to that of Phase I, and then performed bronchoscopy with proximal airway lavage (PAL), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and bronchial biopsy at 18 hours after exposure. Ozone-induced increases in percentage of neutrophils and total protein concentration were observed in both bronchial fraction and BAL fluids; increased percentage of neutrophils also was observed in PAL fluid. These increases were correlated with O3-induced increases in sRaw, but not with O3-induced declines in FEV1 or FVC. Ozone also appeared to increase expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, an important mediator of neutrophil recruitment, in bronchial mucosa. In Phase III, we exposed a group of 19 asthmatic subjects to O3, following a protocol identical to that of Phase II. We then compared the lower respiratory symptom and lung function responses of the asthmatic subjects to those of the 81 normal subjects who participated in Phase I, Phase II, or both. The changes in the PAL and BAL fluids of the asthmatic subjects were compared with those of the normal subjects who participated in Phase II. Although both the asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects showed significant O3-induced changes in lower respiratory symptoms, FEV1, FVC, and sRaw, no significant differences were found between the groups. For sRaw, however, a nonsignificant trend toward a greater O3-induced increase was noted for the asthmatic subjects. In contrast, the O3-induced increases in percentage of neutrophils and total protein concentration in BAL fluid were significantly greater for the asthmatic subjects than for the nonasthmatic subjects. These data suggest that although the lower respiratory symptom and lung function responses to O3 are not markedly greater in asthmatic subjects than in healthy subjects, the inflammatory response of the asthmatic lung may be more intense.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Complete hydatidiform mole with a coexistent embryo.

We describe a case of a complete hydatidiform mole with a coexistent embryo. A 19-year-old Hispanic woman presented with an intrauterine pregnancy at 7 weeks gestational age. An ultrasound evaluation at that time showed a gestational sac and fetal heart activity was observed. Four weeks later, subsequent ultrasound study revealed no evidence of an embryo, and a pattern consistent with a hydatidiform mole. Dilation and curettage was subsequently performed that showed a classic hydatidiform mole on histological examination. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46,XX karyotype. DNA was extracted from the placental tissue, as well as maternal and paternal blood. Molecular genetic analysis was; performed with four variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) probes and showed the placental tissue to consist of only paternal DNA with two genomic copies of each allele studied. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole and its origin from an empty ovum fertilized by a single sperm. This is the first reported case of a living embryo coexistent with a complete hydatidiform mole documented by genetic analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pyridoxine-dependent seizures: demographic, clinical, MRI and psychometric features, and effect of dose on intelligence quotient.

A regional population-based survey identified six patients with pyridoxine dependency. Four presented on the first day of life and the other two at 1 and 8 months of age. Apart from multiple seizure types, other presenting features included jitteriness; encephalopathy, at first thought to be hypoxic-ischaemic; hepatomegaly, and abdominal distension with bilious vomiting. Later problems included break-through fits with fever; transient visual agnosia; squint; severe articulatory apraxia; motor delay with later dyspraxia; macrocephaly, and post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed variable structural abnormalities in all the early onset cases. Psychometric assessment revealed a stereotyped pattern of intelligence scale subtest scores, with a specific impairment of expressive verbal ability. In a prospective open study over one year, an increased dose of pyridoxine was associated with an improvement in IQ, particularly in performance subtests. Pyridoxine dependency is more common than has been thought. It has a wider range of clinical features than the classical neonatal seizures and causes specific impairments of higher function, some of which may be reversible. The dosage of pyridoxine should be optimal for IQ as well as seizure control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ozone-induced decrements in FEV1 and FVC do not correlate with measures of inflammation.

In order to test the hypothesis that changes in lung function induced by ozone (O3) are correlated with cellular and biochemical indices of respiratory tract injury/inflammation, we exposed 20 healthy subjects, on separate days, to O3 (0.2 ppm) and filtered air for 4 h during exercise. Symptom questionnaires were administered before and after exposure, and pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, and SRaw) were performed before, during, and immediately after each exposure. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with isolated left main bronchus proximal airway lavage (PAL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; bronchial fraction, the first 10 ml of fluid recovered) of the right middle lobe, was performed 18 h after each exposure. The PAL, bronchial fraction, and BAL fluids were analyzed for the following end points: total and differential cell counts, and total protein, fibronectin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) concentrations. The study population was divided into two groups, least-sensitive (n = 12; mean O3-induced change in FEV1 = -7.0%) and most-sensitive (n = 8; mean O3-induced change in FEV1 = -36.0%). We found a significant O3 effect on SRaw (p<0.001) and lower respiratory symptoms (p<0.001) for all subjects combined, but no significant differences between the least- and most-sensitive groups. Ozone exposure increased significantly percent neutrophils in PAL (p=0.01); percent neutrophils, total protein, and IL-8 in bronchial fraction (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively); and percent neutrophils, total protein, fibronectin, and GM-CSF in BAL (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01, p=0.05, respectively) for all subjects combined; there were no significant differences, however, between least- and most-sensitive groups. Our results indicate that levels of O3-induced symptoms and respiratory tract injury/inflammation were not correlated with the magnitude of decrements in FEV1 and FVC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Greater ozone-induced inflammatory responses in subjects with asthma.

In order to test the hypothesis that ozone (O3)-induced changes in lung function and respiratory tract injury/inflammation are greater in subjects with asthma than in normal subjects, we exposed 18 asthmatic subjects, on separate days, to O3 (0.2 ppm) and filtered air for 4 h during exercise. Symptom questionnaires were administered before and after exposure, and pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, and specific airway resistance [SRaw]) were performed before, during, and immediately after each exposure. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with proximal airway lavage (PAL) of the isolated left main bronchus and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; bronchial fraction, the first 10 ml of fluid recovered) of the right middle lobe, was performed 18 h after each exposure. The PAL, bronchial fraction, and BAL fluids were analyzed for the following endpoints: total and differential cell counts; total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibronectin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta 2) concentrations. We found a significant O3 effect on FEV1, FVC, SRaw (p < 0.04) and lower respiratory symptoms (p < 0.001) for the asthmatic subjects. Ozone exposure also significantly increased the percent neutrophils in PAL (p < 0.01); percent neutrophils, total protein, and IL-8 in the bronchial fraction (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively); and the percent neutrophils, total protein, LDH, fibronectin, IL-8, GM-CSF, and MPO in BAL (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively) for the asthmatic subjects. There were no significant differences in the lung function responses of the asthmatic subjects in comparison with a group of normal subjects (n = 81) previously studied using an identical protocol, although there was a trend toward a greater O3-induced increase in SRaw in the asthmatic subjects (p < 0.13). In contrast, the asthmatic subjects showed significantly greater (p < 0.05) O3-induced increases in several inflammatory endpoints (percent neutrophils and total protein concentration) in BAL as compared with normal subjects who underwent bronchoscopy (n = 20). Our results indicate that asthmatic persons may be at risk of developing more severe O3-induced respiratory tract injury/inflammation than normal persons, and may help explain the increased asthma morbidity associated with O3 pollution episodes observed in epidemiologic studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Neurobehavioral effects of low-level methanol vapor exposure in healthy human volunteers.

Methanol-powered vehicles are being introduced in the United States as a solution to air pollution. This study assessed whether acute exposure to methanol vapor at the current industrial threshold limit value of 200 ppm for 4 hr has adverse effects on human neurobehavioral performance. Twenty-six healthy subjects (15 men, 11 women; ages 26-51 years) were exposed to methanol or water vapor for 4 hr while seated in a chamber. The subjects served as their own controls in a randomized, double-blind study design. The variables assessed were serum and urine methanol and formate levels; visual performance (color discrimination and contrast sensitivity); and neurophysiological (auditory evoked potentials) and neurobehavioral performances. Exposure to methanol increased serum concentrations and urinary excretions of methanol, but did not affect formate levels. Overall visual, neurophysiological, and neurobehavioral test outcomes were not significantly affected, unless certain between-subject variables are considered. Slight effects on P-300 amplitude and Symbol Digit testing were noted. We conclude that acute exposure of healthy people to low concentrations of methanol had little effect on these measures of neurobehavioral performance.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

The impact of overinvolvement on burnout and job satisfaction.

A process model proposing that overinvolvement affects job satisfaction exclusively through its impact on worker burnout was tested. The model was supported strongly in both a current sample of social workers and an earlier study of helping professionals. Methodological limitations are discussed and implications for practice are examined.

Adult↗