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Biomedical subjects

T Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawashima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A human case of hypoplastic external iliac artery and its collateral pathways.

During a student dissection course held at the Tokyo Women's Medical University, in a 91-year-old human female cadaver we encountered a very rare case of a hypoplastic right external iliac artery. It continued into the normal femoral artery by anastomoses formed with the enlarged obturator and deep circumflex iliac arteries. While the obturator artery originated from the anterior branch of the internal iliac artery, the deep circumflex iliac artery was supplied by the iliolumbar artery, which in turn formed a common stem to arise from the lateral sacral artery. Whether the hypoplastic external iliac artery arose developmentally or secondarily could not be discerned, but the case nevertheless provides important information regarding the arterial anlage between the pelvis and lower extremity. The case is also clinically significant in that it indicates a possible collateral pathway if the external iliac artery is occluded or ischaemia.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2005

Measurement of neutrino oscillation with KamLAND: evidence of spectral distortion.

We present results of a study of neutrino oscillation based on a 766 ton/year exposure of KamLAND to reactor antineutrinos. We observe 258 nu (e) candidate events with energies above 3.4 MeV compared to 365.2+/-23.7 events expected in the absence of neutrino oscillation. Accounting for 17.8+/-7.3 expected background events, the statistical significance for reactor nu (e) disappearance is 99.998%. The observed energy spectrum disagrees with the expected spectral shape in the absence of neutrino oscillation at 99.6% significance and prefers the distortion expected from nu (e) oscillation effects. A two-neutrino oscillation analysis of the KamLAND data gives Deltam(2)=7.9(+0.6)(-0.5)x10(-5) eV(2). A global analysis of data from KamLAND and solar-neutrino experiments yields Deltam(2)=7.9(+0.6)(-0.5)x10(-5) eV(2) and tan((2)theta=0.40(+0.10)(-0.07), the most precise determination to date.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Concomitant off-pump coronary artery bypass and left lower lobectomy for lung cancer with pneumoconiosis].

Surgical strategy for patients for lung cancer with coronary disease remains controversial. We performed concomitant off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (off-pump CABG: OPCAB) and left lower lobectomy with ND 2a lymph nodes dissection for lung cancer with pneumoconiosis. After CABG, due to fixed adhesion of peribronchial lymph node, left lower lobectomy was hard to carry out. Postoperative management was done with much difficulty for massive sputum and pneumonia caused by chronic inflammatory lung disease. As a result, postoperative course has been uneventful for 2 years after operation. In the concomitant OPCAB and lung resection with chronic inflammatory lung disease, whether the synchronous or 2 periods operation was appropriate was still unknown. We think that careful pre- and intraoperative assessment for this disease is important.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

High sensitivity search for nu;e's from the sun and other sources at KamLAND.

Data corresponding to a KamLAND detector exposure of 0.28 kton yr has been used to search for nu;(e)'s in the energy range 8.3<E(nu;(e))<14.8 MeV. No candidates were found for an expected background of 1.1+/-0.4 events. This result can be used to obtain a limit on nu;(e) fluxes of any origin. Assuming that all nu;(e) flux has its origin in the Sun and has the characteristic 8B solar nu(e) energy spectrum, we obtain an upper limit of 3.7 x 10(2) cm(-2) s(-1) (90% C.L.) on the nu;(e) flux. We interpret this limit, corresponding to 2.8 x 10(-4) of the standard solar model 8B nu(e) flux, in the framework of spin-flavor precession and neutrino decay models.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

An anatomical study of an electric organ and its nerve supply in the electric ray (Torpedinidae Narke japonica).

Despite anatomist's great interest in the electric organ (EO) of the electric ray, its detailed morphology remains unclear. In order to understand more completely the architecture of the EO and the branchial organ, it is necessary to examine detailed relationships regarding the origin, course and distribution of nerves innervating the EO. We thus carried out a macroscopic and microscopic anatomical study, focusing on issues, using the 18 sides of nine electric rays. The following results were obtained: (i) the EO was innervated exclusively by the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves; (ii) although these three cranial nerves consistently innervated the EO, variation in the number of the nerves innervating the EO was observed; (iii) cranial nerves innervated the EO in a segmental manner, at both entry and in the area of distribution. These results suggest that the EO of the electric ray might have differentiated from a non-constant branchial muscle anlage but preserves the branchial segments in terms of the craniocaudal, dorsoventral and proximodistal axes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Systematic genome-wide approach to positional candidate cloning for identification of novel human disease genes.

BACKGROUND: Recent large-scale genome projects afford a unique opportunity to identify many novel disease genes and thereby better understand the genetic basis of human disease. Functional Annotation of Mouse (FANTOM) 2, the largest mouse transcriptome project yet, provides a wealth of data on novel genes, splice variants and non-coding RNA, and provides a unique opportunity to identify novel human disease genes. AIMS: To demonstrate the power of combining the FANTOM 2 cDNA dataset with a positional candidate approach and bioinformatics analysis to identify genes underlying human genetic disease. RESULTS: By mapping all FANTOM 2 cDNA to the human genome, we were able to identify mouse clones that co-localised on the human genome with mapped but uncloned human disease loci. By this method we identified mouse and corresponding human genes mapping within the loci of 100 different human genetic diseases (mapped interval of <5 cM). Of particular interest was the elucidation through FANTOM 2 novel mouse gene data of candidate human genes for the following: (i) developmental -disorders: neural tube defect, Meckel syndrome, Wolf--Hirschhorn syndrome and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi; (ii) neurological disorders: benign familial infantile convulsions 3, early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes, infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia and vacuolar neuro-myopathy and (iii) cancer-related syndromes: tylosis with oesophageal cancer and low-grade B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia. CONCLUSIONS: The FANTOM 2 data will dramatically accelerate efforts to identify genes underlying human disease. It will also facilitate the creation of transgenic mouse models to help elucidate the function of potential human disease genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Involvement of the noradrenergic system in performance on a continuous task requiring effortful attention.

To determine the effects of noradrenergic neuronal activity on performance in continuous tasks requiring effortful attention, the performance of 23 male students in the Uchida-Kraepelin test (UKT) was examined. The UKT requires continuous arithmetic addition of single-digit figures for 25 min. The relationship of performance with saliva levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (sMHPG) was analyzed. Saliva samples were taken before, during and after test performance, and sMHPG levels determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There was no significant change in mean sMHPG as a result of test performance. However, when initial effort was calculated, defined as number of items completed during the 1st min subtracted from the average completed per minute in the 1st and the 2nd halves (blocks) of the test, significant correlations with sMHPG (p = 0.0002 for the 1st block and p < 0.0001 for the 2nd block) were found. Thus the data indicate that noradrenergic neuronal activity affects the performance on continuous tasks requiring effortful attention.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

First results from KamLAND: evidence for reactor antineutrino disappearance.

KamLAND has measured the flux of nu;(e)'s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer nu;(e) events than expected from standard assumptions about nu;(e) propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton.yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse beta-decay events to the expected number without nu;(e) disappearance is 0.611+/-0.085(stat)+/-0.041(syst) for nu;(e) energies >3.4 MeV. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except for the "large mixing angle" region are excluded.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Reoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery for restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention as a part of hybrid revascularization chronic renal failure on hemodialysis; report of a case].

60-year-old man on chronic hemodialysis had hybrid revascularization. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for right coronary artery (RCA) combined with left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending artery anastomosis through left anterior small thoracotomy were performed. But, frequent re-stenosis after PCI necessitated 4 repeated PCI. Finally, the patient agreed to re-do, and underwent reoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass through midsternotomy. Right internal mammary artery-saphenous vein lengthened composite graft was successfully anastomosed to heavily calcified RCA without heart-lung machine. Strategy of revascularization for hemodialysis patient was discussed.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed2001

Syntheses and physical properties of quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged Cu(II)(-)Pt(IV) mixed-metal complexes [Cu(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4).

Quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged Cu(II)-Pt(IV) mixed-metal complexes of the form [Cu(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4), where chxn = 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane and X is either Cl or Br, have been synthesized. The crystal structures of these compounds have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cl-bridged compound crystallizes in the space group I222 with dimensions a = 24.237(1) A, b = 5.103(1) A, c = 6.854(1) A, and V = 847.7(1) A(3) and with Z = 1. The Br-bridged complex crystallizes in the space group I222 with dimensions a = 23.700(8) A, b = 5.344(5) A, c = 6.978(8) A, and V = 883.8(8) A(3) and with Z = 1. These structures are isomorphic to each other and to homometal [Pt(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4) complexes. In these complexes, the planar [Cu(chxn)(2)] and the octahedral [PtX(2)(chxn)(2)] groups are stacked alternatively with the axial bridging halogen ions, forming linear chain structures. The neighboring [Cu(chxn)(2)] and [PtX(2)(chxn)(2)] moieties along the chains are linked by hydrogen bonds between amino hydrogens and the counteranions (X). Moreover, there are hydrogen bonds among the neighboring chains that form a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network parallel to the bc plane. Therefore, the Cu(II) and Pt(IV) units are two-dimensionally ordered. The b axes correspond to the Cu(II)-Pt(IV) separations, which are shorter than those of [Pt(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4) due to the smaller ionic radius of the Cu(II) ions. In the XP spectra, the Pt(IV) 4f(7/2) and Pt(IV) 4f(5/2) binding energies in homometal [Pt(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4) are lower than those of [Cu(chxn)(2)][PtX(2)(chxn)(2)]X(4) (X = Cl and Br), indicating that the electron-phonon interaction in Cu(II)-Pt(IV) compounds is stronger than that in Pt(II)-Pt(IV) compounds. In the Raman spectra, nu(Pt(IV)(-)X) of the homometal Pt(II)-Pt(IV) complexes is lower than that of the Cu(II)-Pt(IV) complexes, indicating again that the electron-phonon interaction in Cu(II)-Pt(IV) compounds is stronger than that of Pt(II)-Pt(IV) compounds. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities of the Cu(II)-Pt(IV) complexes show weak antiferromagnetic interactions between Cu(II) components along the chain axes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The first direct oxidative conversion of a selenol to a stable selenenic acid: experimental demonstration of three processes included in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase.

[structure: see text]. A stable selenenic acid was synthesized by direct oxidation of a selenol bearing a novel bowl-type substituent with H2O2, and its structure was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Selenenyl sulfides obtained by the reaction of the selenenic acid with 1,4-dithiols were reduced to the corresponding selenol by treatment with a tertiary amine, thus achieving the experimental demonstration of three processes included in the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase.

Catalysis↗