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Biomedical subjects

T Kawano

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawano.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A multicenter randomized trial of high frequency oscillatory ventilation as compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory failure.

A multicenter randomised trial was conducted in nine neonatal centers in Japan to re-evaluate the safety and the efficacy of high frequency oscillatory ventilation using the piston type oscillator (Hummingbird) in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants weighing between 750 and 2000 g at birth. A total of 92 infants were enrolled in the study. Forty-six infants were allocated to high frequency oscillatory ventilation and 46 infants to conventional mechanical ventilation. There were no differences in sex, birth weight, gestation and Apgar score between groups. The study was begun 2.0 +/- 1.6 h (mean +/- S.D.) after birth in the high frequency oscillation group and 1.7 +/- 1.5 h after birth in the conventional mechanical ventilation group. The absence of intraventricular hemorrhage was confirmed by echography in all cases before beginning ventilation. Mortality was similar in high frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation (0 and 2%). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was also similar in the high frequency and conventional mechanical ventilation groups (15 and 13% overall; 4 and 2% in grades III and IV, respectively). Nine percent of the infants in high frequency oscillatory ventilation and 13% in conventional mechanical ventilation developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the difference was not significant. The frequency of air leaks was also equal in both groups. Periventricular leukomalacia was detected in 9% of infants on conventional mechanical ventilation and 2% on high frequency oscillation, but the difference was not significant. Mean airway pressure was significantly higher in the high frequency oscillatory ventilation group and the infants on high frequency oscillation showed a significantly higher arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio after 6 h of treatment. These results suggest that high frequency oscillatory ventilation does not increase the risk of severe complications such as air leaks, intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia when it is used by experienced neonatologists. Indeed high frequency oscillatory ventilation helps provide better oxygenation with higher mean airway pressure without increasing the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe complications such as air leaks and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of ganglioside expression in human melanoma cells: immunological and biochemical analysis.

The expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc)-containing gangliosides in human melanoma cells grown both in culture and as xenografts in athymic (nu/nu) mice was analyzed extensively with specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Three MAbs (GMR8, GMR14, and GMR3) specific for GM3(NeuGc), GM2(NeuGc), and GD3(NeuGc-NeuGc-), respectively, were used. Significant differences were observed in the ganglioside compositions between the cultured cells in vitro and the tumors grown in vivo. The major difference was that the cells cultured in serum-free medium did not express any NeuGc-containing gangliosides, whereas those grown in nude mice expressed a number of NeuGc-containing gangliosides, namely GM3(NeuGc), GM2(NeuGc), GD3(NeuAc-NeuGc-), GD3(NeuGc-NeuAc-), and GD3(NeuGc-NeuGc-). The structures of these gangliosides were also determined chemically. No activity of CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase was demonstrated either in the melanoma cells cultured in vitro or in those grown in nude mice, suggesting that these cells incorporated NeuGc-containing glycoconjugates from the mouse sera and converted them to other NeuGc-containing gangliosides. The mouse sera contained only GM2(NeuGc), but not the other NeuGc-containing gangliosides or any NeuAc-containing gangliosides.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Performance test of PDM-101 electronic pocket dosimeters using a 60Co source.

The performance tests of one type (named PDM-101) of silicon semiconductor dosimeter were carried out by using a 60Co point source (approximately 500 kBq). The dosimeter responds to dose equivalents on the order of 0.02 microSv although measured data show a large error for values < 0.08 microSv. The deviation of measured dose equivalents from calculated ones was < 10% in the region > or = 0.08 microSv. The deviation of measured dose equivalent rates from calculated ones was generally < 10%. The average value of measured dose equivalents for 31 directional exposures without underside exposure was 0.92 +/- 0.06 of the calculated value. The difference of measured data for the front and back exposure was < 10%. The background and noise level of the dosimeter was 0.092 +/- 0.005 microSv h-1. All measured data showed that dosimeter response for radiation was symmetric between the front (left) and the back (right) sides of the dosimeter within 10% tolerance.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1993

Microcirculatory response of the pancreas to feeding, sham feeding, and truncal vagotomy in conscious dogs.

In this study, changes in the microcirculatory dynamics of the pancreas in response to normal feeding, sham feeding, and truncal vagotomy were investigated to elucidate the involvement of a neural mechanism in the physiological modulation of pancreatic blood flow in the conscious state. Continuous measurement of changes in the microcirculation of the pancreas was performed in conscious dogs by the thermoelectric method. A meat meal was given to six normal dogs, seven dogs constructed with external esophagostomy (sham feeding), and four dogs with truncal vagotomy. In response to normal feeding, pancreatic blood flow attained the peak increase of 65.2 +/- 6.2%, showing a significant and biphasic response until approximately 120 min. After sham feeding, pancreatic blood flow was significantly increased with peak values of 89.0 +/- 19.0%, but thereafter showed a rapid decrease, returning to the basal level already at 7.2 +/- 1.1 min. Although truncal vagotomy significantly and greatly reduced the peak increase of pancreatic blood flow to 28.2 +/- 5.1%, blood flow showed still a significant and sustained elevation above basal. This study provides evidence for the involvement of the neural mechanism in the physiological modulation of the microcirculation of the pancreas in the conscious state. The results strongly suggest that the cephalic phase of the increase in pancreatic blood flow is vagally mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical features and computed tomographic findings.

Clinicoradiological features were studied in 20 patients with 22 mass lesions of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinomas and findings of computed tomography in 12 of these patients with 14 hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas. Five of these patients also had single overt hepatocellular carcinomas. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma was 3.3% among the patients with primary liver cancer treated in our hospital. HBsAg was present in 25%, and increased levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (> 200 ng/ml) and carcinoembryonic antigen (> 5 ng/ml) were found in 25% and in 47%, respectively. Associated cirrhosis was present in 60%. Analysis of 14 hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas in 12 patients in whom the enhancement pattern on dynamic computed tomography and pathological findings could be studied and compared suggested three tumor types. Nine lesions (type A) were demonstrated only as areas with high-density peripheries in the early phase of enhancement that evolved into a pattern of peripheral low density and central high density in the late phase. Four masses (type B) were shown as hyperdense tumors (early phase) that changed to low density in the late phase. One mass (type C) was seen as a low-density lesion that did not change. Histopathologically, type A comprised hepatocellular carcinoma-predominant components in the peripheral area, cholangiocarcinoma-predominant components with abundant fibrous stroma in the central area and a tissue transitional between the two in the midzone. By contrast, two of four type B masses comprised hepatocellular carcinoma with scattered cholangiocarcinoma components throughout the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The effect of high dose nicardipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm was studied in 33 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intravenous infusion of nicardipine started before or immediately after early operation. The dosage was from 4 to 10 mg/h with an average of 7.4 mg/h. The duration was from 2 to 17 days with an average of 12.3 days. Symptomatic vasospasm was observed in only one (3%) out of 33 patients. The remaining 32 patients (97%) showed neither ischemic symptoms nor low-density areas on computed tomography. Severe angiographical vasospasm was diagnosed in 3 patients, who entered hospital on day 3 to 5 after initial attacks. They were operated upon on day 4 to 6 under the administration of nicardipine before or immediately after the operation. No patients showed symptomatic vasospasm and angiographical vasospasm was improved markedly. The present study demonstrated that high dose nicardipine appeared to prevent both brain ischemia and angiographical vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

cDNA cloning and sequence determination of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

We have identified the cDNAs encoding pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) using PCR technique. The nucleotide sequence showed that the PBAN gene encodes, besides PBAN, diapause hormone and three putative amidated peptides. These four peptides share with PBAN the C-terminal pentapeptide amide which is corresponding to the shortest fragment with pheromonotropic activity. The organization of the PBAN gene is characteristic of several short neuropeptides and has some degree of similarity to that of the gene for the insect neuropeptide FMRFamide. Thus, the PBAN gene products construct a family of structurally related peptides and have various biological functions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Prediction of ovulation by urinary LH surge].

To investigate the usefulness of a semi-quantitative assay of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) for predicting ovulation, the relationship among urinary LH, serum LH, serum estradiol (E2) and ultrasonographic observations of follicles were examined in 32 infertile women (35 cycles) at spontaneous (7), clomiphene (13) or cyclofenil (3) induced or hMG (12) induced cycles. Their urine samples were collected 3 times a day for LH assay, starting from about the 10th cycle day or when follicles having a diameter of 10mm or more were detected to the day of ultrasonographical confirmation of follicle ruptures. In the morning on these days, blood was taken twice daily for LH and E2 determination at intervals of 30 min. In spontaneous cycles, urinary LH was (P < 0.001) correlated to a significant extent with the serum LH and E2 levels, and follicle rupture was observed 1.9 days after the urine LH surge. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the urine LH and serum LH or E2 levels in the ovulation induced cycles. In addition, the period from urine LH positive to follicle rupture was significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged in those cycles compared with that in spontaneous cycles. These results suggested that the urine LH determination was good for predicting ovulation in spontaneous cycles, but it was also necessary to monitor the follicle sizes by ultrasonography in ovulation induced cycles.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Unusual diffuse liver fibrosis accompanying transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down's syndrome: a report of four autopsy cases and proposal of a hypothesis.

Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), an acute leukemia-like disorder in neonates with Down's syndrome, is characterized by spontaneous regression of abnormal blast growth. Because proliferating blasts frequently express phenotypes of megakaryocytic lineage and, as a result, this disorder resembles acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), it would be of interest to determine whether myelofibrosis, a common complication of AMKL, is also present in TMD. Pathologic observations of four autopsy cases of TMD showed that myelofibrosis was not present in any of them, whereas intralobular diffuse liver fibrosis was present in all of them. Laboratory data of four additional cases showed hepatic dysfunction in all of them, suggesting a close association between hepatic lesions and TMD. From these results, we propose a hypothesis that the abnormal blasts with megakaryocytic properties in TMD originate from the fetal liver and cause liver fibrosis, as AMKL cells are thought to cause myelofibrosis by producing collagen-stimulating cytokines in the bone marrow. This hypothesis also seems to explain some other unique aspects of TMD.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1992

High frequency oscillation.

The current state of high frequency oscillation (HFO) in Japan is reviewed. The discussion is focused on the following: (i) the repeated application of short duration SI (sustained inflation) is effective in recruiting lung volume and increasing PaO2; (ii) HFO can prevent the formation of granulocytes related to lung injury; and (iii) HFO does not increase the risk of severe complications such as air leaks, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or intraventricular hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of neonatal chronic lung disease in Japan.

A nationwide survey on the epidemiology of chronic lung disease (CLD) of the newborn was conducted. Questionnaires were sent to 391 level II and III neonatal centers in Japan and the registration of infants born in 1990 with chronic lung disease was requested. CLD was defined as an oxygen requirement greater than that obtainable in room air at 28 days after birth, with symptoms of persistent respiratory distress and a hazy or emphysematous and fibrous appearance on chest X-ray. A total of 301 neonatal centers (77.0%) responded and 50,290 infants at these centers were registered. Of these, 97% survived the first month and 1,135 of 48,762 neonatal survivors developed CLD. The mortality of infants with CLD was 6.2%. Survival rates at 28 days of age increased consistently with birthweight. Survival at 28 days of age in infants below 1,000 g at birth was 73.7%, but the rate was 93.9% in infants weighing 1,000-1,499 g. The incidence of CLD was inversely proportional to birthweight. Approximately one quarter of neonatal survivors with a birthweight below 1,500 g and approximately half of extremely small infants ( < 1,000 g) developed CLD. The analysis of CLD infants showed that 28.2% of them had a history of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and a typical fibrous appearance on chest X-ray (Type I), while 29.3% also had a history of RDS but had an atypical X-ray appearance (Type II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Reduced left ventricular diastolic asynchrony after captopril in single vessel coronary artery disease.

Impaired left ventricular diastolic function is often found preceding systolic functional abnormality in coronary artery disease. To assess whether captopril improves diastolic function, radionuclide ventriculography was performed before and 1 h after captopril administration in 10 stable effort angina patients with severe isolated stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery and in 8 controls. Resting global peak filling rate (PFR) was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in association with significantly (p < 0.01) increased left ventricular diastolic asynchronous index (delta t) in patients with angina pectoris. Neither global PFR nor regional cardiac function was affected by captopril, although delta t was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 70 +/- 18 (SD) to 51 +/- 25 ms in patients with angina pectoris. A significant (p < 0.01) correlation was observed between percentage changes in peak ejection rate and in PFR in all subjects. Thus, captopril improves left ventricular asynchrony in patients with stable angina, although global diastolic function affected by systolic function remains unchanged.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

High cervical intradural lipoma--case report.

A rare high cervical intradural subpial lipoma unassociated with spinal dysraphism manifested by a slowly progressive myelopathy simulating Brown-Sequard syndrome in a 37-year-old male. The diagnosis was based on neuroradiological imaging. Intraoperative recording of somatosensory evoked potentials showed recovery of the prolonged N20 latency, indicating adequate decompression was achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma responding to intraarterial infusion of epirubicin and mitomycin C].

A 64-year-old male was admitted for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. He was diagnosed as having many tumors in the area of S6 and the AFP level was elevated to 878 ng/ml. Initially, intraarterial infusion of Epirubicin only was not effective. After the first course of treatment, tumors increased in size and the AFP level was elevated. Next, intraarterial infusion of Epirubicin and Mitomycin C was performed. After the second course of treatment, the AFP level decreased from 5,006 ng/ml to 754 ng/ml and the tumors had almost completely disappeared on angiography. The tumors continued to decrease in size and thereafter the AFP level decreased to 10 ng/ml and was not elevated. The tumors almost completely disappeared in this case, and the coadministration of Epirubicin and Mitomycin C provided effective.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗