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T Kawana

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Susceptibility to acyclovir of herpes simplex virus isolates obtained between 1977 and 1996 in Japan.

The susceptibility of genital herpes to acyclovir (ACV) in immunocompetent women was examined, as was the frequency of ACV-resistant viruses by analyzing 56 clinical isolates in Japan between 1977 and 1996. The mean susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 were 0.13+/-0.74 and 0.42+/-0.14 microg/ml, respectively, assessed by the 50% inhibitory concentration of plaque formation. The susceptibility to ACV of clinical isolates did not changed since 1977, and also that of nine pairs of HSV-1 and HSV-2 isolates was not affected by ACV treatment. In order to characterize the change in the virus population, the quantitation of the ACV-resistant virus in 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU) of clinical isolates was adopted. The mean frequencies of ACV-resistant viruses per 10(4) PFU for all strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 0.31+/-0.41 and 9.74+/-14.83, respectively, and were not influenced by ACV treatment. Additionally, the phenotypes of ACV-resistance were not influenced by ACV treatment, and more than 90% of ACV-resistant viruses were found to be thymidine kinase-deficient. This study characterized clinical isolates with respect to ACV susceptibility as a population and the quantitative and qualitative characterization of ACV-resistant virus in the virus population of clinical isolates was also studied. The susceptibility of isolates from genital lesions, the frequency of ACV-resistant viruses, and also the phenotypic characterization of ACV-resistant viruses was maintained between 1977 and 1996, even after the introduction of ACV treatment for genital herpes in Japan.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2000

Molecular epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 genital infection in association with clinical manifestations.

The antigenic types of herpes simplex virus (HSV), HSV-1 and HSV-2 are considered to be the etiology of genital herpes. Symptoms of primary HSV-1 and HSV-2 genital infections are similar, however, recurrence of the infection is less frequent after the HSV-1-related genital infection. We determined genotypes of 79 HSV-1 strains isolated from genital lesions in women (43 from primary and 36 from recurrent infections), by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism of the HSV-1 strains. Each proportion of genotypes of F1, F12, and F41 in strains isolated from recurrent genital lesions was higher than the corresponding proportion in strains from primary genital lesions. Genotypes of HSV-1 strains isolated two or more times from recurrent genital lesions of each of three subjects were genotype F1, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the F1 genotype is closely associated with recurrence. While the possibility of a genotype preference at the site of infection was not ruled out, genotypes of more than half the number of HSV-1 strains from genital lesions were the same as those from non-genital (mainly oral-facial) lesions analyzed in our foregoing studies, thus indicating that most HSV-1 genotypes are apparently shared by genital and non-genital lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Vertical transmission of alpha herpes virus].

Alpha herpes viruses which infect human being are Herpes simplex virus(HSV) and Varicella zoster virus(VZV). Both are known to infect fetus or neonate when their mothers are infected by these viruses. However, the pathogenesis of these two is quite different; HSV infection is usually limited to local area while VZV infect systemically. Intrauterine infection of HSV occurs very rarely whereas that of VZV at the rate of as much as 2.0% when mothers are infected during 13-20 weeks of gestation. Half of newborns are infected by HSV when their mothers are primarily infected around the delivery. About 30% of these infected babies are mortal. Neonatal varicella, caused by transplacentally transmitted VZV, sometimes results in serious prognosis especially when maternal varicella has an onset between 5 days before and 2 days after delivery.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed2000

[Sexually transmitted diseases of alpha herpes virus in women].

Among two alpha herpes viruses, Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) and Varicella Zoster virus(VZV), HSV infects genital sites and is frequently transmitted by sexual contact while VZV has quite different mode of transmission and rarely infects genital site except herpes zoster at the vulva. Genital herpes is the second and the third leading cause of STDs in women and men respectively. While 90% of male genital herpes was caused by HSV-2, 55% of female genital herpes was by HSV-2 and the remaining 45% by HSV-1. As for primary infection of female genital herpes, 60% was caused by HSV-1 and 40% by HSV-2. On the otherhand about 90% of recurrent infection was by HSV-2 suggesting that HSV-2 is closely related to latent infection of the female genital tract.

Alphaherpesvirinae↗
PubMed1999

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan.

Various risk factors were investigated in 167 cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) case and control pairs in Japan. CIN cases showed evidence of nine known risk factors including smoking and sexual behaviour. However, after adjustment for papillomavirus infection, the highest determinant, the only remaining risk factors were: being married, early age at first pregnancy and multiparity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum carotenoids and vitamins and risk of cervical dysplasia from a case-control study in Japan.

The relationships between risk of cervical dysplasia and dietary and serum carotenoids and vitamins were investigated in a case-control study. Cases were 156 women who attended Papanicolaou test screening in nine institutes affiliated with Japan Study Group of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer and had cervical dysplasia newly histologically confirmed. Age-matched controls were selected from women with normal cervical cytology attending the same clinic. Blood sample and cervical exfoliated cells were obtained for measuring serum retinol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene and alpha-tocopherol and for HPV detection. Higher serum level of alpha-carotene was significantly associated with decreased risk of cervical dysplasia after controlling for HPV infection and smoking status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.62 for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile). Decreased risk for the highest tertile of serum lycopene (OR = 0.28) was marginally significant. Decreased risks observed for the highest tertiles of beta-carotene (OR = 0.65) and zeaxanthin/lutein (OR = 0.53), were not statistically significant.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1999

Changes in prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies from 1973 to 1993 in the rural districts of Japan.

Using the gG-capture ELISA, changes in the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 from 1973 to 1993 were studied for 614 sera collected from general adults living in rural Japan. The HSV-1 seroprevalence for men and women decreased from 75.3 and 80.6% in 1973 to 54.4 and 59.6%, respectively, in 1993. The HSV-2 seroprevalence also decreased from 10.2 and 9.9% in 1973 to 1.8 and 1.2%, respectively, in 1993. Although the decrease in HSV-2 prevalence seemed to be correlated with the general decrease of sexually transmitted diseases in Japan since the 1950s, these findings should not be interpreted as typical, as HSV-2 infections are particularly known to distribute unevenly among populations, according to sexual activity and cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acyclovir treatment of skin lesions results in immune deviation in mice infected cutaneously with herpes simplex virus.

Clinical observations indicate that the antibody response to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in patients undergoing acyclovir treatment is reduced and, although the exact mechanism is not clear, some authors interpret it as immunosuppression. In order to clarify the mechanism, we cutaneously infected mice with HSV-1 and treated the resulting skin lesions with acyclovir. The immune response to infection and treatment in these mice was then analysed. Acyclovir treatment was given orally (20 mg/kg, three times daily), starting on day 0 (D0), 2 (D2) or 4 (D4) after infection and continuing until day 10. The serum antibody titre and the severity of skin lesions were significantly higher in the shortest treatment group (D4) than in the longer treatment groups (D0 and D2). In contrast, a skin test analysing delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to HSV antigen showed that the D0 and D2 groups exhibited stronger DTH than the D4 group. Acyclovir treatment failed to cause a dissociation between DTH and antibody production in mice immunized with inactivated HSV antigen. However, acyclovir treatment in infected mice suppressed the development of skin lesions and resulted in a dissociation between DTH response and antibody production, indicating a typical immune deviation. This was supported by a change in the ratio of the isotype antibody IgG2a to IgG1. The treatment of skin lesions with acyclovir reduced the level of antibody response, as observed clinically. This indicates that the reduced antibody response in patients treated with acyclovir may be, at least in part, due to immune deviation and not immunosuppression.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1999

Enzymatic synthesis of (-)- and (+)-acetoxyhexamides and (-)- and (+)-hydroxyhexamides.

The enantioselective hydrolysis of (+/-)-4-(1-acetoxyethyl)-N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-benzenesulfona mides 3 with lipase Amano P from Pseudomonas sp. in a water-saturated solvent gave (R)-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)benzenesulfonamide 2 (39%, > 99% ee) and unchanged (S)-3 (50%, 62% ee). On the other hand, enantioselective esterification of (+/-)-2 with lipase Amano P in the presence of vinyl acetate provided (R)-3 (41%, > 99% ee) and unchanged (S)-2 (46%, 78% ee).

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1999

Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of moronic acid purified from Rhus javanica in vitro and in vivo.

Rhus javanica, a medicinal herb, has been shown to exhibit oral therapeutic anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity in mice. We purified two major anti-HSV compounds, moronic acid and betulonic acid, from the herbal extract by extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10 followed by chromatographic separations and examined their anti-HSV activity in vitro and in vivo. Moronic acid was quantitatively a major anti-HSV compound in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The effective concentrations for 50% plaque reduction of moronic acid and betulonic acid for wild-type HSV type 1 (HSV-1) were 3.9 and 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively. The therapeutic index of moronic acid (10.3-16.3) was larger than that of betulonic acid (6.2). Susceptibility of acyclovir-phosphonoacetic acid-resistant HSV-1, thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, and wild-type HSV type 2 to moronic acid was similar to that of the wild-type HSV-1. When this compound was administered orally to mice infected cutaneously with HSV-1 three times daily, it significantly retarded the development of skin lesions and/or prolonged the mean survival times of infected mice without toxicity compared with the control. Moronic acid suppressed virus yields in the brain more efficiently than those in the skin. This was consistent with the prolongation of mean survival times. Thus, moronic acid was purified as a major anti-HSV compound from the herbal extract of Rhus javanica. Mode of the anti-HSV activity was different from that of ACV. Moronic acid showed oral therapeutic efficacy in HSV-infected mice and possessed novel anti-HSV activity that was consistent with that of the extract.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Cervicitis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1998

A surface immunodeterminant of human papillomavirus type 16 minor capsid protein L2.

We used human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) particles composed of capsid proteins L1 and L2 (L1/L2 capsids) as an antigen to produce mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Of 18 MAbs recognizing surface epitopes of L1/L2 capsids, 1 was an anti-L1 MAb and 17 were anti-L2 MAbs. Seven of 11 anti-L2 MAbs recognizing linear epitopes wer found to bind to a synthetic peptide with an HPV-16 L2 sequence of amino acids (aa) 69-81, which is within a highly conserved region among different HPVs. The synthetic peptide reacted with the human sera that had been shown to be positive for an antibody against HPV-16, -18, -58, or -6b capsids composed of L1 alone. The data suggest that the HPV-16 L2 region of aa 69-81 contains a type-common immunodeterminant exposed on the surface of HPV virions.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Oral glucose challenge effects on growth and sex steroid hormones in normal women and women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the serum levels of ovarian and adrenal sex steroid hormones in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). METHODS: A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 12 normal women and 16 women with stress-related or weight-loss-related amenorrhea. RESULTS: Significant progressive declines in GH, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were observed during the OGTT in the normal and HA groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between GH and T, E2 and DHEAS. The area under the curve (AUC) for the GH response was significantly greater in the HA group than in the normal group. The ratio of the AUC of insulin-like growth factor to that of GH was significantly lower in the HA group. CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone may modify ovarian and adrenal sex steroidogenic responses to tropic hormones. A significant degree of GH resistance exists in HA patients. This GH resistance may be related to an ovulatory disturbance.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1998

Suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by Rhus javanica in guinea pigs.

Rhus javanica has been shown to exhibit anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity and potentiate the anti-HSV activity of acyclovir in vitro and in vivo. This extract was examined for its suppressive efficacy on recurrent genital infection in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were primarily infected intravaginally with HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Prophylactic oral administration, at the dose corresponding to human use, of R. javanica significantly reduced the incidence, severity and/or frequency of spontaneous and severe skin lesions as compared with latently infected guinea pigs administered with water. This prophylactic efficacy was confirmed by the crossover administration, for more than 2 months, of R. javanica and water to the infected guinea pigs. Toxicity, such as weight loss, from R. javanica administration was not observed in the guinea pigs. When recurrent HSV-2 disease was induced by ultraviolet irradiation 3 months after primary infection, the prophylaxis with R. javanica was also significantly effective in reducing the severity of ultraviolet-induced skin lesions. Thus, prophylaxis of recurrent genital HSV-2 infection with R. javanica may preserve the efficacy of acyclovir by reducing both the use of acyclovir and the appearance of acyclovir-resistant viruses.

Administration, Intravaginal↗