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Biomedical subjects

T Karpathios

Publications and source records attributed to T Karpathios.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radiation dose to the bladder wall and the gonads from direct radionuclide cystography in children.

A dynamic spherical bladder model, previously developed in our laboratory, was implemented to evaluate the absorbed dose to the bladder wall from 99mTc-pertechnetate and direct radionuclide cystography (DRC). This model takes into account the flow rate of normal saline into the bladder and the bladder volume as a function of the filling time. The DRC examinations of 36 children were analysed and calculations were carried out in order to estimate (a) the absorbed dose to the bladder during and following the DRC examination and (b) the gonadal dose. It is shown that the estimated dose to the bladder wall is much greater than that estimated by static models. It is also shown that the absorbed dose to the bladder due to the activity in the residual urine following the examination is even greater than the dose received during the DRC procedure. Our results indicate that in order to reduce the radiation burden, besides the so far proposed precautions, concerning the shortening of the DRC procedure, the patient should also be well hydrated and encouraged to void frequently after the examination.

Child↗
PubMed1986

RES phagocytosis in children with homozygous beta-thalassemia in relation to blood transfusion.

In order to investigate the effect of blood transfusion on the RE cell function in thalassemia major, 14 children with homozygous beta thalassemia were studied prior to and 7 to 10 d following blood transfusion, when, according to previous studies, spleen reaches its minimum size. The denatured human albumin (DHA) low and large dose clearance techniques were used in order to estimate the maximum RES phagocytic capacity. It is shown that, despite the confirmed post-transfusion high hepatosplenic circulation, the RE cell phagocytic capacity is not significantly affected. Furthermore the RES phagocytic capacity of beta-thalassemics is shown to be significantly higher than that of normal controls, and this can probably be attributed to the RES hyperplasia accompanying the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Statistical aspects of hydatid disease in Greek adults.

A retrospective study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of hydatidosis among Greeks over 18 years of age. Discharge and operating room records in all community and private hospitals during the period 1 January 1969 to 31 December 1975 were reviewed, and new hydatid patients were registered. Hydatid disease was diagnosed in 4,202 adults. The average annual incidence of all hospital cases was 9.77 per 100,000 population. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery in 3,397 patients (80.84%). The average annual surgical incidence was 7.89 per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of the disease varied among different geographic areas in the country; its percentage was highest in rural areas. In this series, both sexes were equally involved (P greater than 0.1). Solitary organ involvement occurred in 95.88% of cases. Cysts were localized in the liver in 69.64% and in the lungs of 23.43% of the cases with single organ involvement. Liver involvement was more frequent in women, while lung involvement was more frequent in men (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Burkitt-like lymphoma in a hemophilic boy with impaired cellular immunity.

Burkitt-like lymphoma was seen in a hemophilic boy with impaired cell-mediated immunity, of the type described in healthy hemophiliacs. The coexistence of two rare diseases, hemophilia and Burkitt's lymphoma in an immunosuppressed patient is suggestive of a blood-borne agent transmitted with factor VIII concentrates which might be an immune modifier and/or oncogenic at the same time.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Fitting of radioactivity data to exponential functions by weighted least squares analysis.

The weighted least squares analysis ( WLS ) was compared with the commonly used least squares analysis in the fitting of radioactivity data to an exponential equation. The results show that the two methods present the same accuracy in estimating the parameters of exponential functions, while the WLS analysis offers a much higher reliability, permitting a considerable shortening of the sample counting time.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Grading of vesicoureteral reflux by radionuclide cystography.

Thirty-six children with urinary tract infection aged 6 months to 14 years (mean age 4 1/2 years) were studied sequentially using direct radionuclide (RNC) and conventional voiding cystourethrography (VCU). Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was detected equally well by both methods. Twenty-seven refluxing ureters were found by RNC, 23 by VCU and 22 by both methods. Radiologic grade of reflux may be determined approximately with the isotope technique from the volume of regurgitating urine and duration of reflux, at a much decreased radiation exposure. Residual urine was also measured by RNC and found to be higher in children with VUR. RNC is a reliable method for detecting and grading VUR and should effectively replace VCU as the follow-up examination of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Estimates of dose to the bladder during direct radionuclide cystography: concise communication.

We estimate the absorbed dose to the bladder walls, Db, due to [99mTc]pertechnetate direct radionuclide cystography, with due consideration to the dynamic nature of the examination. Our analytical method resulted in Db values expressed as functions of the bladder filling time. These values are compared with published data based on a static bladder model. It is shown that the Db value depends strongly on the protocol under which the examination is carried out. It is also shown that the normal saline flow rate and the time of the administration of the radioactive material can be adjusted so that the radiation burden may be greatly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hydatid disease in Greek children.

The surgical incidence of hydatidosis in the Greek population aged 0-18 years was investigated. Discharge and operating room records from 1 January 1969 through 31 December 1975 in all hospitals of the country were reviewed. Data were statistically analyzed according to geographical and annual distribution of the disease, age, sex, and organ affected. Of a total of 4,566 patients with hydatidosis, 534 (11.7%) were 0-18 years old. By extrapolation, operations in this age group were performed at a rate of 2.7/100,000 population per year. Surgical incidence of hydatidosis varies among different geographical areas in Greece; its percentage is highest in rural areas. The disease is more frequent in boys than in girls (P less than 0.01). Lungs and liver are the most commonly involved organs (94.2%). Lung involvement is more frequent in boys (73.0%) than in girls (50.5%) (P less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hydatid disease in asymptomatic young carriers in northern Greece.

An epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of echinococcosis in children and adolescents was made in Grevena County of northern Greece. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used to screen 2,736 school children whose ages ranged from 6-18 years; among them, three asymptomatic carriers were identified. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by liver radioisotope scanning. By extrapolation, we estimate that the point prevalence of hydatid disease in the asymptomatic population of the study area is 110 per 100,000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Spleen size changes in children with homozygous beta-thalassaemia in relation to blood transfusion.

18 thalassaemic children, aged 3.5 to 13 years comprise our clinical material. In 14 of them clinically elicited spleen markings, haematocrit, blood platelet count and red cell morphology were studied daily for the whole period between transfusions. In 10 patients considerable changes in spleen size were noticed. According to out clinical observations the spleen size starts decreasing 1 to 3 d after blood transfusion up to the 10th posttransfusion day fluctuating thereafter to reach its maximum size again prior to the next blood transfusion. The decrease of spleen size was followed by an increase of haematocrit and blood platelet count and vice versa. 4 additional children were studied clinically only twice: prior to and 7 to 10 d after blood transfusion. A definite decrease of the spleen size following blood transfusion was observed. Spleen and liver 99mTc-sulfur colloid uptake was studied in 10 of the above children prior to and 7 to 10 d after blood transfusion. Statistically significant post-transfusion increase of the spleen uptake was demonstrated. Our findings suggest that (a) splenic size is relevant to blood volume sequestrated int this organ, (b) splenic radioactive uptake increases with its post-transfusion reduction in size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Renal-vertebral index in normal children.

The renal-vertebral index is a simple method of evaluating the renal length in children and is convenient for everyday clinical work. The results of 822 normal children aged between 3 days and 14 years are reported. Infants of up to 1 year were found to have an index of about 4 to 5, pre-school children are an index of 3 1/2 to 4 1/2, and schoolchildren an index of 3 1/2 to 4. There was no significant difference in renal-vertebral index between boys and girls.

Adolescent↗