Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Karlsson

Publications and source records attributed to T Karlsson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Patterns in sharp force fatalities--a comprehensive forensic medical study.

A ten-year series of 142 homicidal fatalities caused by sharp force injury was studied with the aim to systematize information inherent in the characteristics of the victim and the pattern of injuries. The population of victims consisted of 112 males (79%) and 30 females (21%); among perpetrators, 125 (88%) were males. Among victims as well as among perpetrators, persons of non-Swedish origin were overrepresented in relation to their share of the nonselected population. In 82 cases (58%), one or two wounds had been inflicted; in 23 cases (16%), ten or more wounds. In the latter group, eleven victims but no perpetrators were female. In the majority of cases victim and perpetrator were known to each other, and in instances of multiple wounding, a close relationship between the two was clearly more common than in the group of one- to two-wound fatalities. Tests for blood alcohol were positive in 86 of 116 victims (74%), the majority being in elimination phase. Furthermore, 96 of 120 perpetrators (80%) had positive tests or were known to be drunk at the time of the killing. In multiple wound fatalities, alcohol inebriation was less common both among victims and perpetrators. In these cases, the two persons involved were usually closely related or intimately known to each other, and in the absence of psychiatric disorder in the assailant, the motive was of a passionate type.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

Structure and evolution of the heavy chain from rat immunoglobulin E.

The nucleotide sequence of the rat epsilon-chain mRNA has been determined by sequencing cloned cDNA copies of the mRNA. The established sequence covers the coding region, the 3'-non coding region and most of the 5' non-coding region. A comparison with the nucleotide sequence of the human epsilon-chain constant region reveals that C3 and C4 are the most highly conserved domains. The rat epsilon-chain contains a C-terminal decapeptide which is not present in the human counterpart.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of the mouse and rat IgE antibody responses to timothy pollen by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.

The IgE antibody responses to timothy pollen allergens in one rat strain and five mouse strains were investigated by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The rodent strains were selected for their capacity to respond with IgE antibody production. When sensitized parenterally with the antigen mixed in alum, the animals produced IgE antibodies to essentially the same antigens in timothy pollen as timothy sensitive patients have been shown to do. Thus, the allergenicity of the complex mixture of antigens in a timothy extract is similarly expressed in animals immunized parenterally with alum as in patients sensitized by inhalation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nonimmune complexes of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein explain its heterogeneity.

Nonimmune complexes of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) explain its heterogeneity. Two proteins reacting with antisera specific to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) have previously been detected in serum from pregnant women by use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The major SP1-reactive protein, SP1 beta, has a molecular weight of about 90,000 and the minor, antigenically deficient protein, SP1 alpha, about 200,000. In this study, gel filtration of serum on Ultrogel AcA 34 and Sephacryl S-300 has revealed that classical radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques of two types only measure SP1 beta. With RIAs specially designed to detect complexed SP1 two higher molecular weight, SP1-containing complexes could be identified. CIE of serum or fractions from gel filtrations revealed a loss of the anodal part of the SP1 precipitate. However, when 4% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was incorporated in the anti-SP1-containing gel an antigenically deficient precipitate developed in the alpha-region. Incorporation of antialbumin in an intermediate gel in CIE reduced the anodal loss of the SP1 precipitate in anti-SP1-containing gels without PEG which resulted in a homogeneous peak. In addition, in anti-SP1-containing gels with PEG the anodal precipitate was reduced. This SP1-albumin complex fulfills all criteria for the previously described SP1 alpha. For measuring low levels of SP1 RIAs can be used. For higher values nephelometry is preferable. Although the amount of complexed SP1 is small in comparison with the amount of native SP1 methods employing electrophoresis are not recommended. In such tests SP1 complexed to fast-moving proteins like albumin might influence the results.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

IgE production in vitro by two rat myeloma tumor lines (IR2 and IR162).

Two IgE-synthesizing rat myeloma tumor lines (IR2 and IR162) were maintained in growing cultures that were viable for prolonged periods of up to three months in the presence of primary fibroblasts. The production of IgE by explanted tumor cells was studied in short-term and long-term cultures. The IR 162 tumor line retained expression of both IgE heavy (H) and light (L) chain synthesis for up to three months under in vitro conditions, while the IR2 tumor line initially lost H chain expression after approximately one month in culture, followed by subsequent loss of L chain about one month later. Total polysomal RNA extracted from IR2 cells, before and after loss of IgE-expression, was separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and gradient fractions were analysed for poly(A)-containing mRNA by a [3H]poly(U)binding assay. The results for the long-term IR2 cultures showed a disappearance of mRNA sedimenting at 18-20 S and 15 S, found to represent H and L chain mRNAs, respectively. Furthermore, no IgE L chain mRNA sequences could be detected in long-term IR2 cultures when analysed by hybridization assays, using as a probe a 3H-labelled DNA complementary to IgE L chain mRNA, L chain mRNA sequences were also absent from the nuclear RNA in long-term IR2 cultures. The loss of IgE synthesis in long-term cultures of IR2 cells therefore appears to be correlated with a concomitant loss of IgE mRNA sequences indicating a dedifferentiation in vitro modulated at the transcriptional level.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of sensitization and non-antibody IgE on 48/80 induced histamine release from isolated rat mast cells.

Histamine release from isolated rat mast cells from non-immunized and immunized Hooded Lister rats was induced by compound 48/80. The histamine release was decreased with a lower maximum at the optimal concentration of 48/80 when using cells from immunized rats compared to non-immunized control rats. The stimulation of IgE antibody production, after immunization using B. pertussis as an adjuvant was also accompanied by an elevation of total serum IgW. The 48/80 induced histamine release from Sprague Dawley mast cells was not inhibited by immunization. Non-antibody IgE showed a non-competitive inhibition of 48/80 induced histamine release when myeloma IgE was incubated with mast cells from both Hooded Lister and Sprague Dawley rats. The results indicate the existence of different receptors for IgE and 48/80.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Adjuvants in the induction and enhancement of rat IgE responses.

In Hooded Lister rats the primary IgE antibody response induced by immunization with antigen and adjuvant may be enhanced either specifically by a further dose of antigen (booster response) or non-specifically by infection with helminth parasites (potentiated response). The initial immunizing technique can influence the occurrence and level of these enhanced responses and here we describe the effect of using different adjuvants in the priming event. Although the level of the primary response was broadly similar following immunization with egg-albumin and the adjuvants Bordetella pertussis aluminium hydroxide or Freund's complete adjuvant, the booster response was inhibited and the potentiated response intensified in animals immunized with the latter two adjuvants. A significant IgE booster response could only be obtained if B. pertussis had been used in the initial immunization. When aluminium hydroxide was adsorbed to B. pertussis it was found to have the same inhibitory effect on subsequent booster responses as when it was adsorbed to antigen. These results are discussed in relation to the intricacies of IgE production in the present model and to more general mechanisms of adjuvant action.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of the serum IgE levels in nonimmunized rats of various strains by a radioimmunoassay.

An assay, the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) for the measurement of total serum IgE in the rat, that allows the measurement of IgE down to a level of 0.25 ng/ml, is described. With this assay it has been demonstrated that significant differences exist in normal serum IgE levels in non-immunized rats. These differences are strain-dependent, and strains may be classified as to low (less than 50 ng/ml), medium (50--300 ng/ml) or high (greater than 300 ng/ml) serum levels. The serum IgE level is not sex-dependent. Environmental factors have a pronounced influence, optimal housing conditions resulting in low and stable levels while suboptimal conditions result in high levels with great fluctuations. Hybridization experiments suggest a multigenic control, with low IgE strains having a dominating suppressor effect.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A radioimmunoassay for evaluation of the IgE and IgG antibody responses in the rat.

An assay, the paper radioallergosorbent test (PRAST), for the measurement of specific serum IgE antibody in the rat is described in detail. This assay has been used, in conjunction with a modified PRAST for the determination of relative specific serum IgG antibody and the PRIST assay for total serum IgE [13], to measure specific IgE and IgG and total IgE immune responses in normal parasite infected rats immunized using various protocols. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the basic IgE level and the immune response, i.e. a rat strain with a low constitutive IgE level demonstrates a weak response whereas a high level strain reacts strongly. When PRAST and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were compared, using standardized IgE antibody containing sera, the results were in good agreement. However, PRAST is the preferable assay as it shows less intrinsic variation, is more sensitive than PCA, and is not influenced by high serum IgE levels in the recipient animal.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between serum IgE levels and anaphylactic histamine release from isolated rat mast cells.

Inbred Hooded Lister rats were immunized with egg albumin with B. pertussis vaccine used as an adjuvant. The serum levels of total IgE and IgE antibody (egg albumin specific) were determined by radioimmunoassay techniques before and after immunization. The basic level of total IgE in serum was 560 +/- 110 ng/ml. After immunization a maximal peak at day 11 of 1940 +/- 160 ng/ml was registered. Anti-egg albumin IgE antibody showed a maximum around day 13 of 75 +/- 11 units/ml. Pleural mast cells were isolated on Ficoll between day 14 and 20 after immunization. A significant negative correlation between the basic total IgE level and histamine release by antigen (egg albumin) was found and also a significant positive correlation of specific IgE antibody (determined at day 11) and histamine release. The correlation between IgE level and histamine release was slightly improved if instead the ratio of specific IgE antibody over total IgE was used.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum immunoglobulin A antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies was developed. An antigen consisting of purified adenovirus type 2 hexons or a crude lysate of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells was first adsorbed onto polystyrene beads. The coated beads were then incubated with dilutions of serum, and IgA antibodies which attached to the solid-phase virus antigen were subsequently detected with 125I-labeled anti-human alpha antibodies. The anti-human alpha antibodies used were isolated by immunosorbent chromatography from rabbit antiserum produced by immunization with IgA purified from serum of an IgA myeloma patient. A total of 46 serum specimens from 13 patients with respiratory syncytial virus infections and 10 patients with adenovirus infections were tested. Complement fixation, homologous IgG and IgM radioimmunoassay, and heterologous IgA radioimmunoassay testing were also done. Specific values higher than 10,000 cpm were often reached with convalescent serum specimens, and positive-to-negative serum binding ratios of 50 or more were frequently obtained with lower serum dilutions. IgA titers of convalescent sera were from 1,000 to 16,000, and with few exceptions a fourfold or greater rise in the IgA titer was detected in the homologous IgA radioimmunoassay.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti and Eimeria tenella in Georgia (USA) as demonstrated by immunity challenge techniques.

Eimeria acervulina, E. necatrix, E. brunetti and E. tenella were found to be widely distributed in north-east Georgia. 2. Using immunity challenge techniques 17 flocks from 12 to 72 weeks of age showed significantly lower lesion scores for the first three species compared with susceptible control flocks similarly challenged. Only one flock was found to be susceptible to E. tenella. No mortality occurred in the field flocks after challenge while 20 to 60% mortality occurred in the susceptible controls. 3. Partial immunity occurred more frequently in field flocks aged 28 weeks of age or less (62%) than in older flocks (30%). Lesion scores ranged from 0-1 to 2-2 with the former and 0-1 to 0-6 with the latter group. 4. A modification of the immunity challenge method was developed using lesion scores as the major criterion determining immunity. The method permits testing of four species infecting different parts of the digestive tract in one group of birds.

Animals↗