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Biomedical subjects

T Kano

Publications and source records attributed to T Kano.

357 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Electroanesthesia (EA) studies: EA produced by stimulation of sensory nerves of the scalp in Rhesus monkeys.

After it was learned that electroanesthesia (EA) could not be produced in a Rhesus monkey which had undergone a circumferential scalp block with 0.25% lidocaine, it was postulated that EA could be produced by electrostimulation of the sensory nerves of the scalp in the rhesus. The work reported here verifies that EA can be produced by this method in this species; it is not necessary to pass current through the head.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of multidrug resistance by immunosuppressive agents: cyclosporin analogues, FK506 and mizoribine.

It has recently been reported that an immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, shows a potent overcoming effect on multidrug resistance (MDR). We studied the presence of such a modulating effect of cyclosporin analogues and other immunosuppressive agents, FK506 and mizoribine, in human multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells (TAOV/A0.2). The intensity of the overcoming effect of cyclosporin analogues against adriamycin resistance was found to be in the other of cyclosporin D greater than A greater than C greater than H. It was found that cyclosporin D, which has relatively weak immunosuppressive activity, overcame adriamycin resistance in the multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells to a remarkable degree. On the other hand, it was found that FK506, a new potent immunosuppressant, could also distinctly modulate adriamycin-resistance. It was found that FK506 conferred chemosensitization upon adriamycin with reincreasing intracellular adriamycin accumulation in MDR cells which was far less than the parent strain. However, in the case of mizoribine, no modulation of drug resistance existed. Such modulation was not necessarily accompanied by immunosuppressive activity and the two functions were thought to be based on different mechanisms.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A retrospective study of the fluctuation in serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the fluctuation in serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) retrospectively in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Serum levels of anti-CCP were measured retrospectively in 131 patients with RA and 90 patients with non-RA rheumatic diseases using a commercially available kit. All sera were collected from patients during the 22-year period, 1982-2004. To analyze the fluctuation in anti-CCP levels, 17 RA patients were selected on the basis of showing a significantly higher anti-CCP level in a serum sample taken at the first visit (> 80 U/ml), and availability of preserved serum samples that had been taken from each patient at 10 time points. RESULTS: The test gave a sensitivity of 88% (115/131) and a specificity of 81% (73/90). The longitudinal study of 17 RA patients showed that anti-CCP levels were elevated at the first visit in 12 (71%) patients and then decreased gradually, whereas those in the other five (29%) patients fluctuated substantially. In both cases, anti-CCP levels tended to fluctuate in parallel with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level, reflecting the spontaneous aggravation of arthritis and the efficacy of anti-rheumatic drugs. The courses of three representative RA patients are illustrated in detail along with their therapeutic regimens, and these further confirm the correlation of anti-CCP levels with laboratory parameters (ESR and CRP) as well as the activity of arthritis. CONCLUSION: Measurement of serum anti-CCP levels was found to be useful for not only the diagnosis but also the management of RA.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a newly synthetized calcium antagonist, cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MPC-2101), on action potentials of rabbit's myocardial tissues in vitro.

Electrophysiological effects of cyclopropylmethyl 4-(3-nitrophenyl) 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MPC-2101), a newly synthetized compound, were examined in the rabbit SA node and papillary muscle, using a conventional microelectrode technique in vitro. In the SA node, MPC-2101 (10(-8) - 10(-6) M) showed dose-dependent negative chronotropic effects by depressing the slope of slow diastolic repolarization without significant effects on maximum diastolic potential and action potential duration. MPC-2101 (10(-7) - 10(-5) M) had no significant effects on the resting membrane potential, the amplitude and dV/dt of action potentials in papillary muscles, but induced a statistically significant reduction of the plateau phase of the action potential duration measured at 20% repolarization at a concentration of 10(-5) M. MPC-2101, at concentrations lower than 10(-6) M, had no significant effects on the amplitude, dV/dt, or duration of slow action potentials induced in 18 mM (K+]o and histamine at 10(-6) M, but at 3 x 10(-6) M significantly depressed all parameters of the slow action potentials. In higher Ca2+ solution, dose-response curves for MPC-2101 on dV/dt of slow action potentials were shifted to the right. MPC-2101, at a concentration of 3 x 10(-6) M, showed frequency-dependent depression in dV/dt of the slow action potentials. MPC-2101 showed less potent actions than nicardipine on electrophysiological activities of the SA node and papillary muscle.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of PSK on prohibited immunity of splenectomized mice.

The effect of PSK (Krestine, an anti-tumor drug prepared from Coriolus versicolor) on splenectomized experimental animals was investigated. Splenectomy was performed on both a tumor-free control group and a tumor-bearing group. The administration of PSK on the splenectomized control group significantly increased the immune state of the host. In the case of the tumor-bearing group, administration of PSK resulted in restoration of the immune function as observed in the control group. Recovery of the immunological function was accelerated when tumor-bearing animals were splenectomized at the terminal stage. The results suggest that the immunomodulating effects of PSK developed at the time of the splenectomy resulted in anticancer activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electroanesthesia (EA) studies: current applications to human volunteers to produce general and local anesthesia.

Electrical currents found to be of sufficient intensity to produce EA in animals were applied to human subjects several hundred times, to determine whether, and how, clinical general anesthesia, and local anesthesia in various parts of the body, could be obtained. General anesthesia was not produced in any subject in any test, the obstacle in every instance being pain. Local analgesia of the arm was obtained in one subject, but in all other subjects muscle spasm and vibration pain prevented application of enough current to produce analgesia or anesthesia in the arm. Anesthesia of the hand was produced several times in all subjects, with a total loss of pain sensation.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystic neoplasms of the liver: a report of two cases with special reference to cystadenocarcinoma.

We herein present two cases with cystic neoplasms of the liver, both successfully treated by a surgical resection. One patient underwent a tumor enucleation, while the other had a left hepatic lobectomy and left caudate lobectomy. Although the follow-up period is still relatively short, both patients are doing well without any sign of recurrence. The specimens were histopathologically examined including immunohistochemical staining. Both tumors were unilocular-cystic and contained mucus. One tumor was considered to have originated from a cystadenoma with a mesenchymal stroma, which has been espoused by Wheeler and Edmondson, while the other tumor was considered to have originated from the bile duct. Therefore, the diagnosis of one patient was cystadenocarcinoma, while the other was considered to be a mucin-producing papillary adenocarcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct. No invasive growth to the liver parenchyma or the surrounding tissues was observed in either case. Thus, a surgical resection should be the first choice of treatment for cystic neoplasms of the liver. Furthermore, a malignant transformation of cystadenoma with a mesenchymal stroma should be given a special entity in cystadenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a perioperative steroid pulse on surgical stress in hepatic resection.

Little has been reported on the control of cytokine release, which is induced by surgical stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a perioperative short-term steroid pulse on surgical stress. Seventeen patients with a non-cholestatic liver, who underwent hepatic resection, were included in this study. The patients were classified into two groups consisting of a control group (n = 11) and a steroid pulse group (n = 6), in whom 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone was intravenously administered 3 hours before the operation, and thereafter 1 gram of methylprednisolone was also intravenously administered both immediately after operation and on postoperative day 1. Interleukin 6 was serially measured, and the perioperative clinical parameters including C-reactive protein were compared between both the control and the steroid pulse groups. The IL-6 values immediately after operation, as well as at postoperative days 1 and 3 in the steroid pulse group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The value of the C-reactive protein at postoperative day 3 in the steroid pulse group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the postoperative peak value of bilirubin as well as the incidence of postoperative complications in the control group tended to be higher than those in the steroid pulse group. In addition, the steroid pulse demonstrated no adverse side effects. A perioperative short-term steroid pulse using methylprednisolone is thus suggested to reduce surgical stress by decreasing cytokine release.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge: how should it be treated?

In this study, 26 cases of nonpalpable breast cancer with nipple discharge treated at our department were reviewed. Their discharge was either bloody or serous with a positive hematest, but all except for one were negative for cytology, while CEA value of the discharge was high in 72.7%. Mammograms were found to be unreliable for diagnosis, while abnormal findings were observed in 84.6% by ductography. However, final diagnosis was determined histopathologically from surgical specimens, showing 14 intraductal and 12 invasive ductal cancers, none with components of comedo carcinomas. Seventeen patients underwent mastectomy following duct-lobular segmentectomy and a small remnant of intraductal carcinoma was found microscopically in only one patient. All patients except for one have survived for 98 months on average with no symptoms of metastasis. These findings suggest that duct-lobular segmentectomy with an adequate surgical margin should be adopted as the final operation for selected patients with nonpalpable breast cancer involving nipple discharge.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic resection for icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma.

Icteric-type hepatocellular carcinoma, which initially presents as jaundice, is known to be rare. Furthermore, the number of such cases that undergo hepatic resection is also very small. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss the efficacy of hepatic resection in this condition. Herein, we present five cases of icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma which were among a study of 438 patients who underwent hepatic resection. Most of these cases were in the advanced stages, and a high incidence of early death was recognized. However, two patients are doing well, without further recurrence (8 years and 7 months, and 13 months, respectively). It is important to consider icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma whenever a patient has a potential risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, it is also important to understand that in diagnosing icteric type HCC, sometimes neither choledocholithiasis nor cholangiocellular carcinoma can be clearly ruled out. Extensive examinations of the biliary tract, including percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography as well as endoscopic retrograde cholangiography are indicated for such patients when they exhibit either temporary cholangitis or jaundice, as well as when there is biliary dilatation within the liver. Furthermore, hepatic resection is also considered to be a viable alternative for such cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroenterological surgery for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to clarify the surgical indications for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. METHODOLOGY: Fourteen patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency who underwent abdominal surgical procedures, were retrospectively studied. The surgical indications were carefully determined based primarily on the performance status (PS) of each patient and cardiopulmonary function tests. A PS of equal to or less than 3, which meant the patient's status required bed rest > 50% of the time, and the need for assistance in performing normal activities were all factors considered for surgical indications. RESULTS: During the period studied, two patients were excluded from the surgical indications due to the fact that one was at a terminal stage of pulmonary disease and was completely bedridden (PS = 4), while the other demonstrated active pneumonia with a considerable amount of purulent sputa. Regarding the pulmonary function tests for patients who underwent surgery, the lowest limits of those examinations were as follows: 810 ml of vital capacity (VC), 23.8% of predicted VC, 610 ml of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), 38.6% of predicted FEV1.0, 50.5 mmHg of PaO2 while inhaling 4 liters of oxygen and 73.8 mmHg of PaCO2. No surgery related mortality or hospital death within 30 days after operation was observed. Only two patients had cardiopulmonary complications (consisting of pulmonary edema with atrial fibrillation in one patient, and acute myocardial infarction in another patient). However, neither pneumonia, prolonged ventilatory support for more than 2 days, nor the need for a tracheostomy after surgery was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroenterological surgery is thus considered to be indicated even for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, as long as the PS can be maintained (PS of equal to or less than 3) and no active pneumonia with a considerable amount of purulent sputa is present.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A branched chain amino acid-enriched solution does not induce any beneficial effect on the postoperative intestinal functions.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was conducted in order to clarify the significance of using a branched chain amino acid-enriched solution on surgical patients, especially regarding the postoperative nitrogen balance as well as such intestinal functions as permeability and immunity. METHODOLOGY: Eight patients were prospectively and randomly divided into 2 groups. Consisting of a control group (n = 4) who all received conventional postoperative hyperalimentation using the branched chain amino acid-enriched solution; and a high-dose group (n = 4), who received an additional amount of branched chain amino acid-enriched solution immediately after operation up until postoperative day 7. No significant differences were observed in the background variables between the two groups. RESULTS: The nitrogen balance in the high dose group from postoperative day 1 to day 4 was significantly better for all compared to those of the control group. The ratio of the branched-chain amino acids to aromatic amino acids at postoperative day 3 in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in the high-dose group tended to be lower than that in the control group. However, regarding the intestinal functions, no significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding the lactulose-mannitol test, the rate of positive Candida antigen, and the serum level of secretary immunoglobulin A, or the serum activity of diamine oxidase. CONCLUSIONS: A high dose branched chain amino acid-enriched solution can improve immediately postoperative nitrogen balance and may also lead to the prevention of a breakdown in the skeletal muscles. However, no beneficial effects were observed in the postoperative intestinal functions, which play an important role in preventing bacterial translocation.

Aged↗