Biomedical subjects

T Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to T Kaneda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Coronary artery bypass grafting in octogenarians.

The aging of the Japanese population and improvements in surgical techniques have resulted in an increasing number of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We reviewed the records of 11 patients 80 years of age or older (mean age 82+/-0.38 years, range, 80 to 85 years) who had undergone a CABG at our institution between August 1989 and February 1999. Eight patients were males and 3 were females. Preoperatively, 4 of 11 patients were categorized as New York Heart Association class II, 4 as class III, 3 as class II. The operations were elective in 8 cases, and emergent in 3. Three patients presented with neck and cerebrovascular disease. One patient experienced chronic renal failure. No patients died within 30 postoperative days and no in-hospital deaths occurred. A total of 11 were followed up for an average of 35+/-11 months (range, 1 to 105 months). One patient died due to unknown causes. There was a significant decrease in overall anginal symptoms after CABG among the survivors, with the average decrease being from NYHA class 3.1 to 1.5. In conclusion, CABG is a safe and effective surgical procedure in the treatment of octogenarians with heart disease.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Successful treatment of MRSA mediastinitis after aortic arch replacement.

An aortic arch graft replacement was successfully performed for a true aneurysm on the distal aortic arch. However, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) mediastinitis occurred after surgery. Following reoperation for debridement and irrigation of the mediastinal space, antibiotics were administered and continuous irrigation of mediastinal space with saline containing appropriate antibiotics and intermittently short duration irrigation with a large quantity of saline containing popidone-iodine were carried out with good results. This paper presents the successful treatment of mediastinitis after replacement of the aortic arch without removing the graft, followed by a brief review of the literature regarding infection of prostetic grafts for the thoracic aorta.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

An effective device to keep the sternum open.

Delayed sternal closure following cardiothoracic surgery facilitates the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias caused by sternal closure, and also allows access to treat uncontrollable bleeding. The present study examines the use of stents made from disposable syringes for keeping the sternum open. The syringes demonstrated good strength, as well as resistance to tapping during pulmonary physical therapy and stability against body movement necessary to prevent the formation of decubitus ulcers. Thus, the proposed stent provides an inexpensive, easy, and effective method for keeping the sternum open.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMed1999

Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment on the recovery of cardiac function after cold storage of hyperlipidemic rats.

Cardiac effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were studied in female Wister rats fed a standard diet (control [C] diet) or a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Subgroups of rats from these groups were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid-E (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid-95E (DHA) for 5 weeks. Although plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in each group fed the HC diet versus each group fed the C diet, EPA administration with the HC diet (HC + EPA) significantly (P < .05) reduced these levels. An isolated working-heart preparation was used to determine cardiac function. Cardiac output (CO) was lower in rats fed the HC diet and HC + DHA versus any of the groups fed the C diet (P < .05). In addition, left ventricular (LV) maximum differentiation of pressure-time curve (dp/dt) was lower in the rats fed the HC diet versus any of the C diet groups (P < .05). After evaluation of cardiac function in each rat, the heart was stored in a histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for 8 hours at 4 degrees C. The heart was then reperfused, and recovery of cardiac function was evaluated. No significant differences were observed for post-preservative cardiac function within the C diet groups. However, within the HC diet groups, HC + EPA significantly (P < .05) improved the recovery of cardiac function. In addition, HC + DHA also significantly (P < .05) improved the recovery of coronary flow (CF) and LV dp/dt. No significant differences were observed for plasma TC and TG concentrations in the C diet groups. EPA administration significantly decreased cardiac levels of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in the HC diet groups. No significant differences were observed for cardiac levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) within the C diet groups. Cardiac EPA and DHA levels were significantly (P < .05) elevated in EPA- or DHA-treated rats compared with the other diet-fed rats. Cardiac EPA levels were also elevated in DHA-treated rats compared with untreated rats (P < .05). These results suggest that EPA attenuates coronary and myocardial preservation injuries through an increase in serum lipids and an accumulation of myocardial FFAs resulting from a HC diet.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

The study of PSA gene expression on urogenital cell lines.

PURPOSE: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) offers a potentially more sensitive assay for detecting cells expressing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA in peripheral circulation. But the sensitivity and specificity are variable depending on the position of the PSA amplification. To increase sensitivity and specificity, the whole PSA cDNA (1466 bp) was separated into eight different parts. METHODS: We examined RT-PCR on 12 urogenital cell lines, including three prostate cancer (LNCaP, PC3, DU145), five human renal cell carcinoma (SMKT-R3, TOS-1, TOS-2, R4, ACHN), two urinary bladder cancer (YTS-1, KK-47) and two testicular cancer (NEC8, NEC14) cell lines. The sizes of the eight fragmented PSA used in the experiment were PSA-1 (1-257bp), PSA-2 (1-322bp), PSA-3 ( 172-507bp), PSA-4 (172-851 bp), PSA-5 (595-1347 bp), PSA-6 (682 967 bp), PSA-7 (682-1347 bp) and PSA-8 (863-1466 bp). RESULTS: All cell lines had positive signals from PSA-6, PSA-7 and PSA-8. The positive signals from PSA-1, PSA-2 and PSA-3 were detected in some other cell lines in addition to the three prostate cancer cell lines. Only LNCaP which produces the PSA protein had a positive signal from PSA-5. PC3 and DU145 (which do not produce PSA) and LNCaP had a positive signal from PSA-4. Therefore, the inner primer PSA-4' (578-782 bp) used to increase sensitivity and specificity. Nested RT-PCR on the 12 cell lines, using the PSA-4 and 4' primers, detected more clear bands in the three prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Nested RT-PCR using PSA-4 (outer primer) and PSA-4' (inner primer) may be useful for detecting prostate cancer cells in the peripheral blood.

DNA Primers↗

PubMed1999

Pituitary adenoma showing intermittent secretion of high molecular weight adrenocorticotropin without evidence of Cushing's disease.

A 29-year-old woman was admitted in March 1998 due to high plasma ACTH levels, amenorrhea and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) which had persisted since 1991. Plasma ACTH levels showed a wide range of changes: they were usually high (59-240 pg/ml), intermittently very high (336-942 pg/ml), and sometimes normal or low. Plasma cortisol levels were usually normal but were sometimes high when the ACTH levels were very high. However, even when the plasma ACTH levels were very high, she did not show any cushingoid features. DM was diagnosed as non-insulin-dependent DM. Plasma ACTH showed an excessive response to CRH, while cortisol showed a delayed response. Plasma cortisol showed a poor response to ACTH-(1-24). ACTH receptor gene analysis revealed no mutations in the ACTH receptor-coding region. MRI showed a nonenhancing mass on the left side of the pituitary. Cavernous sinus sampling showed a very high plasma ACTH level in the left cavernous sinus compared with the levels in the right cavernous sinus and peripheral blood. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration of plasma ACTH immunoreactivity in plasma obtained by cavernous sinus sampling showed mainly high molecular forms of ACTH, probably proopiomelanocortin and ACTH-beta-lipotropin. This case is a very rare form of pituitary adenoma showing intermittent secretion of high molecular ACTH unaccompanied by cushingoid features.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1999

Dose-dependent intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism of midazolam, a cytochrome P450 3A substrate with differently modulated enzyme activity in rats.

The dose-dependent first-pass metabolism of midazolam, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A substrate, was separately estimated in the intestine and liver after administration into a jejunal loop of rats with differently modulated enzyme activity. Modulation of CYP3A enzyme activity of Sprague-Dawley rats was performed by pretreating the rats with inducers such as dexamethasone or by co-administering ketoconazole (an inhibitor) with midazolam. Bioavailabilities of midazolam administered into the jejunal loop at a dose of 10 micromol were 12% in untreated (control) rats, and 2% in dexamethasone-pretreated rats. Co-administered ketoconazole (2 micromol) significantly increased the bioavailability to 53% and 7%, respectively, in these rats. The intestinal first-pass metabolism of midazolam administered into the jejunal loop at a dose of 50 nmol in untreated and dexamethasone-pretreated rats, estimated by the mesenteric blood-collecting method in-situ, was 25% and 49% of absorbed amount, respectively. The intestinal first-pass metabolism of midazolam was reduced when ketoconazole (0.5 micromol) was co-administered or when the dose of midazolam was increased to 0.5 micrommol in these rats. Assuming that the contribution of intestinal first-pass metabolism could be negligible when midazolam was administered at a much higher dose of 10 micromol, the estimated hepatic first-pass metabolism of midazolam at a dose of 10 micromol in untreated rats, dexamethasone-pretreated rats, untreated rats given ketoconazole, and dexamethasone-pretreated rats given ketoconazole was, respectively, 86, 97, 46, and 92% of the amounts absorbed. In conclusion, the dose-dependent intestinal first-pass metabolism and the hepatic first-pass metabolism of midazolam in rats with differently modulated CYP3A activities was quantitatively estimated by in-vivo and in-situ absorption studies.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

In-vivo and in-vitro metabolic clearance of midazolam, a cytochrome P450 3A substrate, by the liver under normal and increased enzyme activity in rats.

The metabolic clearance of midazolam, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A substrate, by the liver under normal and increased enzyme activity in rats was determined in-vivo and in-vitro to elucidate the reproducibility of the in-vivo hepatic extraction ratio of midazolam from the in-vitro study. The hepatic enzyme activity was modified by pretreating rats with a CYP inducer such as dexamethasone and clotrimazole. The in-vivo hepatic extraction ratio (ERh,obs) of midazolam under a steady-state plasma concentration (approx. 3 nmolmL(-1)) in untreated (control) rats was 0.864. This value increased to 0.984 in dexamethasone-pretreated rats and to 0.964 in clotrimazole-pretreated rats. The in-vitro hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL(int,in-vitro)), expressed as mLmin(-1) (mg microsomal protein)(-1), of midazolam was estimated as Vmax (Km)(-1) by in-vitro metabolism studies using liver microsomes. The CL(int,in-vitro) value was converted to the CL(int,cal) value, expressed as mLmin(-1)kg(-1), by considering the microsomal protein content (g liver)(-1) and the microsomal protein content (g liver)(-1)kg(-1). The estimated CL(int,cal) value was then converted to the ERh value (ER(h,cal)) according to the well-stirred, the parallel-tube and the dispersion models. The ERh(h,cal) values obtained by the parallel-tube model were in good agreement with corresponding in-vivo ERh(h,obs) values. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that high hepatic clearances of midazolam under normal and increased CYP3A activity were reasonably predicted from in-vitro metabolism studies using liver microsomes.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1999

Multiple-color fluorescence imaging of chromosomes and microtubules in living cells.

Microscopic observation of fluorescently-stained intracellular molecules within a living cell provides a straightforward approach to understanding their temporal and spatial relationships. However, exposure to the excitation light used to visualize these fluorescently-stained molecules can be toxic to the cells. Here we describe several important considerations in microscope instrumentation and experimental conditions for avoiding the toxicity associated with observing living fluorescently-stained cells. Using a computer-controlled fluorescence microscope system designed for live observation, we recorded time-lapse, multi-color images of chromosomes and microtubules in living human and fission yeast cells. In HeLa cells, a human cell line, microtubules were stained with rhodamine-conjugated tubulin, and chromosomes were stained with a DNA-specific fluorescent dye, Hoechst33342, or with rhodamine-conjugated histone. In fission yeast cells, microtubules were stained with alpha-tubulin fused with the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP), and chromosomes were stained with Hoechst33342.

Benzimidazoles↗

PubMed1999

A case of intestinal obstruction following stent graft placement for an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A 76-year-old male was admitted to hospital complaining of severe abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and vomiting. The patient had undergone stent graft placement of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) at another hospital 13 months prior to admission. An X-ray, computed tomography scan and barium-enema examination revealed partial obstruction of the duodenum. Stent graft placement has been reported to be a useful procedure for AAA. However, as mass effects associated with AAA cannot be excluded, several symptoms may remain postoperatively.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Successful transcutaneous arterial embolization of a giant hemangioma associated with high-output cardiac failure and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in a neonate: a case report.

We describe the case of a patient with a neonatal giant cutaneous hemangioma with high-output cardiac failure and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and successfully treated with transcutaneous arterial embolization aimed at controlling severe congestive heart failure and consumption coagulopathy. A patient was admitted to the neonatal care unit on the first day of age because of a large hemangioma on his right lateral chest wall and respiratory distress, associated with cardiac failure resulting from arteriovenous shunting. On the second day of age the platelet count decreased to 5.7 x 10(4)/microliter and fibrinogen level was 85 mg/dl. The values of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged. Intravenous predonisone therapy was started immediately, but bleeding tendency was getting worse and the evidence of congestive heart failure persisted. On the third day the patient then underwent embolization of feeding arteries with microcoils. The cardiac failure and thrombocytopenic coagulopathy had improved significantly without complications. We conclude that transcutaneous arterial embolization is an effective and safe treatment in this neonate and should be considered for the treatment of control high-output cardiac failure and coagulopathy in infants with hemangioma and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.

Cardiac Output, High↗

PubMed1999

[B-cell, T-cell surface phenotypes and epitopes in autoimmune thyroid diseases].

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are categorized as organ specific autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis and idiopathic myxoedema. In this article, B-, T-cell surface phenotypes and epitopes in AITD were reviewed. It has been reported that the proportion and absolute number of B and T lymphocyte subpopulation or CD4/8 ratio in peripheral blood from AITD was not different from normal subjects. Those of CD5+ B cells and gamma delta T cells known as autoreactive clones were, however, increased in peripheral blood from GD. In the thyroid tissue of AITD, B-cells with activated markers were predominantly infiltrated rather than T-cells. The CD4/8 ratio and the proportion of CD8+CD11b+ T (suppressor T) cells was decreased in contrast to the increase of CD8+CD11b- T (cytotoxic T) cells. The CD4+4B4+ T (helper/inducer) cells were more predominant than CD4+2H4+ T (suppressor/inducer) cells in thyroid tissue from GD. These abnormality might cause the cell destruction and the enhanced autoantibody production in the tissue of AITD. Thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor are known as major autoantigens in AITD. Recently, B-cell and T-cell epitopes on these autoantigen molecules have been defined, using monoclonal antibodies, proteolytic or synthetic peptides with molecular gene engineering. These epitope analysis would be contributed to the autoimmune tolerance in AITD.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMed1999

[Increased serum soluble Fas ligand in hyperthyroid Graves' disease].

The interaction of Fas with its ligand (FasL) regulates a number of physiological and pathophysiological process of cell death or apoptosis. Recent studies suggest that Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) interactions among thyrocytes from patients with Hashimoto disease which is caused by thyroid autoimmunity may contribute to clinical hypothyroidism. The role of Fas-FasL interaction in the pathophysiology of Graves' disease has not well been determined. The serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and FasL (sFasL) were measured in 48 Japanese patients with Graves' disease (U; untreated hyperthyroidism, T; hyperthyroidism under treatment, E; euthyroidism under treatment and R; remission), destructive thyroiditis (D), subacute thyroiditis (S) and 40 normal controls using commercially available ELISA kits. The levels of sFas (mean +/- SD, ng/ml) were 0.93 +/- 0.30 in normal controls (n = 32), 2.41 +/- 1.28 in U (n = 19), 2.44 +/- 0.79 in T (n = 16), 2.37 +/- 0.55 in E (n = 12), and 2.30 +/- 0.11 in R (n = 6), 2.42 +/- 0.37 in D (n = 3) and 2.68 +/- 0.17 in S (n = 3). There were no significant differences of sFas levels among any groups. While, the mean levels of sFasL (ng/ml) of normal controls were 0.058 +/- 0.02 (n = 40), and those of patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease (U; 0.34 +/- 0.09 and T; 0.26 +/- 0.05), were significantly higher than those in normal controls (p < 0.005) and with subacute thyroiditis (0.097 +/- 0.001, vs U; p < 0.01, vs T; p < 0.05) but not different from those in E, R and D (E; 0.34 +/- 0.09, R; 0.25 +/- 0.07 and D; 0.31 +/- 0.11, respectively). There was a significant correlation between serum thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and free thyroxine levels (p < 0.01) while there were no correlation between sFas and sFasL levels and TRAb or free thyroxine levels. The results indicate that the Fas-FasL system contributes to the pathophysiology of hyperthyroid Graves' disease although serum sFas and sFasL levels do not appear to be useful indicators in evaluating disease activity.

Autoimmunity↗

PubMed1998

The difference in the inhibitory mechanisms of papaverine on vascular and intestinal smooth muscles.

Papaverine (0.3-100 microM) more potently inhibited phenylephrine (1 microM)-induced contraction than 65 mM K+-induced contraction of the aorta, while it equally inhibited contractions induced by 65 mM K+ and carbachol (1 microM) in ileal smooth muscle. In phenylephrine-treated aorta, papaverine (1-10 microM) increased the cAMP and cGMP content. However, in carbachol-treated ileum, 30 microM papaverine partially increased the cAMP content while it maximally relaxed the preparation. In fura2-loaded aorta, papaverine (0.3-10 microM) inhibited both the contraction and the increase in intracellular Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]i) induced by phenylephrine in parallel. However, papaverine inhibited carbachol-induced contraction with only a small decrease in [Ca2+]i. Papaverine (1-30 microM) inhibited the carbachol-induced increase in oxidized flavoproteins, an indicator of increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, in ileal smooth muscle whereas it did not change the phenylephrine-induced increase in the aorta. These results suggest that papaverine inhibits smooth muscle contraction mainly by the accumulation of cAMP and/or cGMP due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase in the aorta whereas, in ileal smooth muscle, papaverine inhibits smooth muscle contraction mainly by the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Cefaclor concentration in radicular granuloma after a single oral administration.

1. Cefaclor concentrations in radicular granuloma and serum in nonfasting patients after a single oral administration of 500-mg cefaclor were assayed. 2. The mean peak concentrations in radicular granuloma and serum were 2.57 mcg/g and 7.41 mcg/ ml, respectively. The mean ratio of granuloma/serum concentration at the peak time was 0.35. 3. All cefaclor concentrations in radicular granuloma at the peak time exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of oral streptococci (1 mcg/ml) isolated from odontogenic infection.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1998

Evaluation of changes in sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in essential hypertensive patients induced by amlodipine and nifedipine.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of amlodipine and nifedipine on heart rate and parameters of sympathetic nerve activity during the acute and chronic treatment periods in order to elucidate their influence on cardiovascular outcome. DESIGN: A randomized and single-blind study. METHODS: We performed 24 h ambulatory electrocardiography and blood pressure monitoring of 45 essential hypertensive inpatients. Plasma and urinary catecholamine levels were measured during the control (pretreatment) period, on the first day (acute period) and after 4 weeks (chronic period) of administration of amlodipine and of short-acting nifedipine or its slow-releasing formulation. The low-frequency and high-frequency power spectral densities and low-frequency: high-frequency ratio were obtained by heart rate power spectral analysis. RESULTS: Blood pressure was significantly and similarly reduced by administrations of amlodipine, short-acting nifedipine and slow-releasing nifedipine during the chronic period. The total QRS count per 24 h, which remained constant during the chronic period of administration of slow-releasing nifedipine and was increased by administration of nifedipine, was decreased by 2.8% by administration of amlodipine. Administration of amlodipine decreased the plasma and urinary norepinephrine levels during the chronic period, whereas the levels were significantly increased by administration of short-acting nifedipine and not changed by administration of slow-release nifedipine. Although low-frequency: high-frequency ratio was increased significantly by administration of short-acting nifedipine and slightly by administration of slow-releasing nifedipine, administration of amlodipine reduced it during the acute and chronic periods. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of amlodipine did not induce an increase in sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertensive patients during the chronic period, suggesting that beneficial effects on essential hypertension can be expected after its long-term administration. Administration of slow-releasing nifedipine induces milder reflex sympathetic activation than does that of short-acting nifedipine.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Detection of urogenital malignant cells in the peripheral blood by nested RT-PCR using keratin 19 mRNA].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: It is reported that cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) mRNA is not expressed in the peripheral blood cells of the healthy subjects (Am. J. Pathol. 142: 1111. 1993). Detection of DNA fragments of CK-19 in the peripheral blood suggests the existence of epithelial malignant tumor cells. In this study, we detected CK-19 genes in peripheral blood of patients with urogenital malignancy, and thus clarified the possibility of understanding tumor expansion. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were separated from the peripheral blood of 39 patients with urogenital tumor and 9 controls. Total cellular RNA was extracted according to the method described elsewhere. The CK-19 gene expression was investigated using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) and confirmed by Southern Blotting. These results were compared to the clinical stages. RESULTS: CK-19 mRNA was not detected in any of 9 controls. CK-19 mRNA was detected in 3 out of the 10 bladder cancer cases. Two had metastases and 1 had muscle invasion without metastasis. One of 6 urothelial cancer case of the upper urinary tract showed positive amplification, and had liver, bone and lymphnode metastases. After one course of chemotherapy, mRNA became negative. In prostate cancer cases, three among 7 were positive and all 3 cases had distant metastases. In renal, testicular and penile cancer cases, the positive ratio were 3/6, 1/8 and 2/2, respectively. All positive cases of renal and testicular cancer had distant metastases, but one case of penile cancer had no metastasis. CONCLUSION: The detection of CK-19 mRNA in the circulating blood by nested RT-PCR makes it possible to detect micrometastasis, to evaluate therapeutic effects and to predict the prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Detection of PSA mRNA from the peripheral blood and pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostatic cancer by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)].

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: To detect prostate cancer cells in the blood circulation and in the lymph nodes by RT-PCR methods, we examined two kinds of prostate specific antigens (PSA) primers and one prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM). PSa primer 1 was established by us, PSA primer 2 by Moreno et al and PSM primer by Israeli et al. RESULTS: Both PSA primers were specific for expression of PSA mRNA because in 12 kinds of urogenital culture cells only LNCaP cells, which produce PSA, expressed PSA mRNA by RT-PCR, PSA 1 was more sensitive than PSA 2 for detection of PSA mRNA in the circulating cells since PSA mRNA was detected in the blood circulating cells in 5 cases of stage D2 prostate cancer using PSA primer 1 but in only one was using PSA primer 2. PSM mRNA was detected in all 12 types of urogenital cancer cells and in the blood circulating cells not of prostate cancer patients but also of renal, bladder, testicular cancer patients and normal volunteers. PSA 1 was used to detect PSA mRNA from the samples of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph node, and PSA mRNA was positive in 10 FNAB samples including not only all 6 cytologically positive and two cytologically class III cases but also 2 of 8 cytologically negative cases. RT-PCR for FNAB samples of all 15 cases of bladder cancer were negative for the detection of PSA mRNA. CONCLUSION: Detection of PSA mRNA by RT-PCR in FNAB samples may be useful to diagnose pelvic lymph node metastasis and to furnish additional information for the cytological diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Aged↗