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Biomedical subjects

T Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanda.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A fulminant case of Guillain-Barré syndrome: topographic and fibre size related analysis of demyelinating changes.

In a necropsy case of early fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome, demyelinating changes were observed throughout the peripheral nervous system, most conspicuous in the spinal nerve roots. The central/peripheral nervous system transition regions and most proximal zones of the roots escaped damage. In some root areas there were widespread early changes in myelin sheaths in the absence of significant infiltrates of inflammatory cells. In the fibre size analytical study, small myelinated fibres were preferentially involved.

Cranial Nerves↗
PubMed1989

[Histochemical study of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions of the cat posterior cricoarytenoid muscle using erabutoxin B].

Acetylcholine receptors (AchRs) at the neuromuscular junctions of the cat posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA muscle) were demonstrated by using erabutoxin b (Eb) which has a curare-like action. Eb is one of the short-chain neurotoxins which is obtained from Laticauda-semifasciata. At the light microscopic level, the localization of the neuromuscular junctions was detected on the muscle fiber by rhodamine-labeled Eb (TMR-Eb) under a fluorescein microscopy. For the electron microscopy horseradish peroxidase-labeled Eb (HRP-Eb) was used. After incubation with HRP-Eb conjugate the tissue was fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, then embedded in Epon. The reaction products were largely restricted to the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was also demonstrated electron microscopically by Karnovsky's and Lewis' methods respectively. The reaction products were localized at the subneural apparatus of the neuromuscular junction. Both these results were compared.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Mother to child transmission of human T cell leukemia virus type-1].

Infection of HTLV-1 during childhood may be the most probable cause of leukemogenesis of ATL. The possibility of mother to child transmission of HTLV-1 was studied. Our epidemiological investigation disclosed that almost all mothers of HTLV-1 carrier children were positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibody and children born from carrier mothers showed statistically higher positive rate for anti-HTLV-1 antibody than control groups. A large number of HTLV-1 positive lymphocytes were detected in the milk from carrier mother, but not in the cord blood from newborn babies delivered from carrier mothers. We inoculated the fresh milk collected from carrier mothers into the oral cavity of a common marmoset to prove the oral infection. The marmoset was found to be seroconverted and viral antigen expression was detected in short term cultures of its peripheral T lymphocytes. These results suggest that we can prevent the transmission of HTLV-1 by prohibiting the breast-fed [corrected] by carrier mother. We have so far followed up 55 children born from carrier mothers but fed with compound milk only. None of the children in this group became a carrier of HTLV-1, whereas breast-fed group was found to have higher incidence of sero-positivity for HTLV-1. Therefore the trial prevention of HTLV-1 transmission is now undertaken in Nagasaki district.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Biological activities of ganglion extracts from a prosobranch mollusc, Fusinus ferrugineus.

Acetone extract of the ganglia of Fusinus ferrugineus was applied to C-18 cartridges, and the flowthrough and retained materials were bioassayed on the radula retractor muscle of the animal. The flowthrough was found to have a potent contractile action and the retained material a potent contraction-inhibiting action in addition to a weak contractile action. The retained material was then applied to a column (2.6 x 40 cm) of Sephadex G-15. Fractions of 4 ml each were collected, and their activities were assayed on twitch contractions of the radula retractor. Three peaks (E1, E2 and E3) of contraction-potentiating activity and one peak (I) of contraction-inhibiting activity were obtained. The maximum activities of peaks E1, E2 and E3 were found at fractions 22, 44 and 50, respectively. The maximum activity of peak I was found at fractions 28-30. All of the activities of these peaks were destroyed by incubating the fractions with the peptidase subtilisin, suggesting that the active substances in the peaks are peptides. Using some kinds of molluscan muscles, the actions of the substances were examined in greater detail. The results suggest that peak E1 may contain a novel excitatory peptide whose molecular weight is more than 1,000, and that peaks E2 and E3 may contain FMRFamide-related peptides. It is also suggested that peak I may contain two or more myomodulin-CARP-related inhibitory peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of SPECT in cerebrovascular disease].

In 131 patients with cerebrovascular disease, regional cerebral blood flow was determined by 123I-IMP (N-isopropyl (123I)-iodoamphetamine) or 99mTc-HM-PAO (99mTc (d, l)-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime) SPECT and findings were compared with those of X-CT or MRI. The perfusion deficit detected by SPECT was larger than the deficit by X-CT or MRI in every cases. The perfusion deficit area was more clearly demonstrated by SPECT than by X-CT or MRI in patients with acute cerebral infarction. The hypoperfusion area determined by 123I-IMP SPECT was wider than that by 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT. The crossed cerebellar diaschisis was observed in 56 out of 131 cases (43%). The results of operation were quantitatively evaluated by 123I-IMP SPECT in 25 patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Amelioration of cisplatin-induced vomiting and anorexia by methylprednisolone].

Amelioration of cisplatin (CDDP)-induced vomiting and anorexia by methylprednisolone (MP) was studied using conscious dogs. The incidence of vomiting was 88.9% and the mean number of emetic episodes was 8.22 +/- 1.25/dog during 5 hours after i.v. administration of 1.5 mg/kg CDDP in 9 dogs. In control dogs, food intake on the day after administration of CDDP was markedly reduced to 60 +/- 22.4 g/day from 461 +/- 23 g. Continuous high-dose infusion of MP (10 mg/kg, 10 min before the start of CDDP infusion and 50 mg/kg/h for 5 h) markedly reduced the incidence (33%) and mean number of vomiting episodes (2.00 +/- 1.51/dog) and also mitigated the reduction of food intake (350 +/- 30.6 g/day). However, continuous low-dose infusion of MP (5 mg/kg, 10 min before CDDP infusion and 16.6 mg/kg/h for 5 h) showed a little effect on CDDP-induced vomiting. Plasma MP levels after the high-dose and the low-dose regimens were 6.20 +/- 0.628 micrograms/ml and 4.66 +/- 1.72 micrograms/ml, respectively, 30 min after CDDP infusion. In both cases, MP levels gradually increased and reached to those more than twice 5 hours after CDDP infusion. Bolus administrations of MP (30 mg/kg, each time) 2 hr and 30 min before CDDP infusion also significantly reduced the mean number of emetic episodes (3.22 +/- 1.33/dog) and mitigated the reduction of food intake (325 +/- 37.3 g/day). No significant changes in catecholamines, prostaglandins, vasopressin, plasma renin activity, Na+, K+, Mg++ and osmolality in peripheral blood were noted after administration of CDDP and/or MP. The results suggest that administration of MP was effective against CDDP-induced vomiting and anorexia in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study on cefteram pivoxil in pediatric field].

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588) was administered to pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases, and a summary of the results obtained are as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined in 1 patient appears to be comparable to those of adults. 2. Clinical efficacy was studied on 16 children with acute urinary tract infections, acute upper respiratory infections, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media and acute cervical lymphadenitis. Responses to the treatment were excellent in 7 (43.8%) and good in 9 (56.3%). 3. No adverse reactions were noted in this study.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Activation of neutrophil function by MDP-Lys(L 18)].

The study was carried out to confirm the effect of MDP-Lys (L 18) on the neutrophil number and function in the patients with lung cancer. The patients were enrolled only in case of leukopenia (equal or less than 3,000/mm3 after anticancer chemotherapy) and subcutaneously given 200 mcg of MDP-Lys (L 18) for 7 days. Mean leukocyte counts were found to be 3,900/mm3 and 5,500/mm3 one day and one week after MDP-Lys (L 18) treatment, respectively. The rate of "markedly effective" and "effective" was 53% (8/15). Chemiluminescence by zymosan showed a significant increase after MDP-Lys (L 18) treatment. However, no change of neutrophil function was observed in the tests of chemiluminescence by phorbol myristate acetate, superoxide (O2-) production, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, chemotaxis, bacterial killing and opsonization. Transient fever was observed in 6 cases and eruption accompanied with one fever case. It was concluded that MDP-Lys (L 18) could prevent infection in cancer-bearing immunocompromised patients by increasing the neutrophil number and function.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

Immortalization of primary rat cells by human papillomavirus type 16 subgenomic DNA fragments controlled by the SV40 promoter.

We tested the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) early genes for their ability to immortalize or transform primary rat brain cells, using the expression plasmids that contain the neomycin-resistance-inducing unit (pSV2neo) and the transcriptional unit for the HPV 16 subgenomic DNA fragments controlled by the SV40 early promoter. After transfection, drug-resistant colonies were maintained by refeeding and replating for characterization. The E7 gene alone was found to be capable of immortalizing and morphologically transforming primary rat cells, and the transformed cells showed anchorage-independent growth. Although its activity was lower than that of the E7 gene, the E6 gene also immortalized primary rat cells. The immortalized or transformed cells contained HPV 16-specific DNA and mRNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An electromyography in spastic diplegia.

To evaluate the pathologic state accurately and objectively, fifteen patients with spastic diplegia were examined with surface electromyography (EMG) of the rectus femoris, medial hamstring, anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles. Seven showed disturbed reciprocal innervation (disturbed group) and 8 showed reciprocal innervation (non disturbed group). The disturbance of reciprocal innervation on EMG showed a positive correlation with delay in onset of crawling by 10 months (p less than 0.05), a low level of motor development (p less than 0.005) and more abnormal CT findings. Four patients in the disturbed group showed various abnormalities in X-rays of the hips. Surface EMG findings of crawling muscle may be useful for understanding the pathologic state of crawling in spastic diplegia.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1988

Human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frame E7 encodes a transforming gene for rat 3Y1 cells.

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) DNA is capable of morphologically transforming rat 3Y1 cells. The expression plasmids, constructed from the simian virus 40-based expression vector pSV2-0 and specific DNA fragments from the putative early region of the HPV 16 genome, were tested for their transforming capacity. Among the various pSV2 plasmids, only those containing the intact E7 coding region were found to produce foci of the transformed rat cells which could grow in a soft-agar medium. The data indicate that expression of the HPV 16 E7 open reading frame is sufficient to induce focal transformation of rat cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cytochemical demonstration of actin filaments in myoepithelial cells of the human parotid gland.

Ultrastructurally, myoepithelial cells were shown to contain numerous fine filaments in their cytoplasm and resembled smooth muscle cells. The myoepithelial cell of the salivary gland has been considered to play an important role in the secretion of saliva. The present study showed that all the thin filaments (actin filaments) in the myoepithelial cell of the human parotid gland bound heavy meromyosin (HMM) and formed characteristic arrowhead structures. These filaments ran in two opposite directions with the poles at different ends. On the other hand, there was no binding of HMM with thicker filaments (10-nm filaments), plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, collagen fibrils, basement membrane or other cytoplasmic organelles. The present results strongly suggest that myoepithelial cells possess a contractile function parallel to the long axis of the cell for supporting the secretion of saliva in the parotid gland.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1988

Regional cerebral blood flow during an attack of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

Using technetium-99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime [( 99mTc]HM-PAO) and single-photon emission computed tomography, we measured changes in regional cerebral blood flow in a 58-year-old man during an attack of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Angiography demonstrated compression of the left vertebral artery by the osteophytes of cervical spondylosis when the patient turned his head to the left. Measured in the orthostatic position while turning his head to the left during a typical attack of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, regional cerebral blood flow was significantly reduced in the left cerebellum and the right occipital region. Our study illustrates the capability of [99mTc]HM-PAO single-photon emission computed tomography to measure transient reductions in regional cerebral blood flow and to relate these changes to the pathophysiology of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Bronchoalveolar lavage in primary pulmonary lymphoma with monoclonal gammopathy.

We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in a patient with pulmonary lymphoma and IgM lambda monoclonal serum gammopathy previously not diagnosed accurately by histologic examination and not treated for 5 yr after detection of a pulmonary infiltrate. The infiltrate increased slowly in size accompanied by coughing and sputum and a gradual increase in serum IgM throughout the 5-yr period. High IgM in the lavage fluid was noted with an IgM/albumin ratio 4.8 times higher in the lavage fluid than in the serum. Protein immunoelectrophoresis of the lavage fluid was identical to that of the serum. A primary pulmonary lymphoma was diagnosed on the basis of findings in the lavage fluid. The patient showed decreased serum IgM and marked improvement of the infiltrate by chemotherapy and radiation. Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage, including analysis of the proteins in lavage fluids, appears to be a simple and useful method for diagnosing primary pulmonary lymphomas.

Aged↗