Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum of the vestibular ganglion cell.
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Computer Systems↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kanda
Publications and source records attributed to T Kanda.
Misdirected reinnervation in the feline intrinsic laryngeal muscles after long-term denervation.
Nerve terminals which resembled the autonomic nerve varicosities were found at all neuromuscular junctions of the feline intrinsic laryngeal muscles after 21 months of unilateral laryngeal paralysis. The structure of muscle fibers was preserved throughout this period, although there was no evidence of regeneration of transected recurrent laryngeal nerve. In the cricothyroid muscle, misdirected reinnervation was recognized in the different pathways from the other intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
Animals↗
Role of interferon in the protective effect of an immunomodulator derived from the Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes A3 against viral myocarditis in mice.
OK432 (preparation derived from the Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes A3; Picibanil, CAS 39325-01-4) is an immunomodulator. The treatment of mice with OK432 enhances their resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) along with a concomitant increase of interferon (IFN) titer and natural killer (NK) cell activity. To ascertain whether IFN or NK cell activity may play a crucial role in the mechanism of resistance, we compared these strains: EMCV resistant C57BL mice, C3H mice with myocarditis and DBA/2 mice with both myocarditis and diabetes mellitus. Although IFN production in all three kinds of mice was significantly increased on day 3 after inoculation, NK cell activity in EMCV resistant C57BL mice was significantly lower than that in C3H and DBA/2 mice. The lower antiviral resistance of mice treated with both OK432 and anti-interferon antibody (aIFN) was accompanied by a reduction of serum IFN titer, irrespective of the reduction in NK cell activity. Decreased activation of NK cells by anti-asialo GM1 monoclonal antibody (aNK) of OK432-treated mice also resulted in higher viral titers. However, these titers of both OK432 and aNK-treated mice were significantly lower than those of both OK432 and aIFN-treated mice. The degree of elevation of viral titer showed the following trend: OK432 and a IFN-treated mice > OK432 and aNK-treated mice >> OK432-treated mice. Moreover, histological changes of the heart in OK432 and aIFN-treated mice were significantly (p < 0.05) more severe than that in OK432 and aNK-treated and that in OK432-treated infected mice 7 days after inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[A dementia occurred during therapy for multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].
A 47-year-old woman was thirdly admitted to our hospital for therapy to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis of the lung in June 88. Although she was treated with TH, PAS and EVM, M. tuberculosis were positive constantly in her sputum. She complained of sleep disturbance, irritability, headache on September 89, she was diagnosed reactive depression. But her symptoms were progressive, low level of intelligence test in November, apatic in December and became spastic paralysis and vegetable state at next year. She was died of pneumonia in November 90. Her autopsy findings showed no brain atrophy nor meningitis. Microscopically, central chromatolysis were showed in Betz cells and anterior horn cells, these findings sometimes suspected for Peragulla, but we could not obtained definite pathological diagnosis, because we could not have been obtained findings indicating for Peragulla. Finally, we reported the clinical course and autopsy findings of dementia occurred during therapy for multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.
Dementia↗
[Visual acuity testing of three-year-old children using Landolt ring and picture targets].
Visual acuity testing using Landolt ring and picture targets (silhouettes of butterfly, fish, bird and tulip), was performed on 184 three-year-old subjects who had received secondary ophthalmic examination at the age of 3 years and 1-3 months, and the results were evaluated. The examinations were feasible on 83.1% of the subjects for the picture test and 76.1% for the Landolt ring test; the picture test being significantly higher. However, when the level was set at 0.5, namely, 0.5 or more were judged as "passing" and less than 0.5 judged as "failing", the Landolt ring test showed a significantly higher rate than the picture test in the number "passing". Specificity and sensitivity were calculated with reference to the clinical findings. Results suggest that the Landolt ring test has a better validity than the picture test and the Landolt ring test could differentiate between good and poor vision. The silhouette of the bird was particularly poor. When using picture targets for testing, the necessity of proper selection of the kind of pictures used is indicated. In the case of use of the Landolt ring, reexamination at the age of 3 years and 6 months or later, or postponement of the examination until age 3 years and 6 months or later would appear to be beneficial for enhancing the feasibility of the test.
Child, Preschool↗
Persistent adrenergic reinnervation of previously denervated muscle in cat.
Synapse formation by aberrant nerves at chronically denervated intrinsic laryngeal muscles was observed even at 21 months after the transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in cats. Some of the aberrant nerves were adrenergic, and these nerve terminals were in synaptic contact with the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junctions together with non-adrenergic nerve terminals. Therefore, heterogeneous reinnervation between adrenergic nerve and muscle was found to be maintained for a long time.
Adrenergic Fibers↗
Masked atrial septal defect in constrictive pericarditis.
The combination of an atrial septal defect (ASD) and constrictive pericarditis (CP) is rare and difficult to diagnose, since the signs of ASD may be masked by those of CP. We report a patient in whom the diagnosis was made by color Doppler echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Open heart surgery was successfully performed to close the defect.
Adult↗
[Prevention of vascular disease and antiplatelet treatment].
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Cerebral Infarction↗
[Late deterioration of functional abilities in adult cerebral palsy].
Clinical characteristics of late deterioration in adult cerebral palsy were reported with detailed neurological evaluations and analyses. 10 adult cases, 9 male and 1 female, with cerebral palsy (CP) were included aged from 24 to 58 years on admission. Without marked mental retardation all had been ambulant and completely independent of ADL with residual spasticity and/or dyskinesia of minimal degree until the second or third decade. Late deterioration of functional abilities starting with numbness or pain in upper extremities at age 24-45 (mean: 36.2 y), associated with profound atrophy of the shoulder girdle and hand muscles. Dyskinesia and spasticity markedly aggravated with urinary and respiratory dysfunctions, resulting in tetraplegia in a couple of years. Mentality is generally unaffected, however, severe dementia occurred in one case. Intensive clinical examinations revealed no particular abnormalities except for mild segmental neurogenic changes by needle EMG. Neuroradiological surveys revealed a marked narrowing of upper to middle cervical spinal canal with deformity and shrinkage of the corresponding cord in most cases. Cranial CT scans and MRI were unremarkable except for diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation. These studies showed that in adult CP an unexpectedly severe deterioration of sensory, motor and/or mental functions may appear even in previously well achieved cases. These dramatic changes of the clinical features of CP after middle age might be suggestive of the degenerating process and precocious aging of the CNS.
Adult↗
Enhancement of myocardial damage and alteration of lymphocyte subsets in murine model of postpartum myocarditis.
Acute viral myocarditis is considered to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms for postpartum cardiomyopathy. In this study we examined the severity of viral myocarditis in postpartum mice infected 24 h after delivery. Although there were no differences in survival rate between postpartum mice and nonpregnant infected mice (control), the severities of myocardial damage in the postpartum mice was significantly greater than that in control mice (area of cell infiltration; 12.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 4.0%, p < 0.05 and necrosis; 49.7 +/- 10.9 vs. 30.2 +/- 7.1%, p < 0.05), and the dilatation of left ventricle was more prominent in postpartum mice both on acute and subacute phases. These results show that myocardial damage due to viral infection is enhanced in postpartum state when infected soon after delivery. Moreover the histopathological features of the myocarditis in the subacute phase is similar to that seen with dilated cardiomyopathy. Although there was no change in T cell subsets of peripheral blood between two groups, the percentages of L3T4+ (helper/inducer) cells and asialo GM1+ (NK) cells in the heart were statistically greater in postpartum mice than in control mice (L3T4+ cells; 8.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.1 +/- 2.0, p < 0.05 and asialo GM1+ cells; 7.8 +/- 0.9 vs. 5.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.05). However, this increase was obviously smaller than amount of the percentage of Lyt2+ (suppressor/inducer) cells. Thus, it is unclear whether this change of T cell subsets is associated with the development of myocarditis.
Animals↗
[A study of osteopenia in liver cirrhosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)].
We studied osteopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Total body bone mineral density showed a positive correlation with the lumbar spine bone mineral density, and % age matched total body bone mineral density under 90% was defined as osteopenia. The incidence of osteopenia in 54 patients with liver cirrhosis was 20.4%. Since this osteopenia had no relationship to the general risk factors for osteoporosis, it was suggested that it is a complication specific to liver cirrhosis. Because the level of serum total bilirubin and the activity of serum total alkaline phosphatase in the group with osteopenia were usually higher than those in the group without osteopenia, it was suggested that osteopenia in liver cirrhosis might be related to hepatic dysfunction.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[Visual acuity testing of three- and four-year old nursery school and kindergarten children].
Visual acuity testing was conducted on 1,531 children in nursery schools and kindergartens in Chita district, for the purpose of determining the rate of successfully performing the test, as well as the visual acuity of those shown to be normal by various ophthalmologic examinations. The rate of successful performance of the visual acuity test increased monthly with increasing age, with maximum changes seen at 4-5 months after the third birthday. The rate of successful performance of the test at the third birthday was 73%, progressively increasing up to 95% in the successive 6 months. The rate at the fourth birthday became almost 100%. Average of visual acuity of 3.0-year old children was 0.55, and for 3.5-year olds was 0.82. The average visual acuity reached 0.88 at 4.0 years of age, and at 4.5 years of age became 0.97. In view of the results obtained, it is concluded that children who could not successfully perform a visual acuity test at 3.0-years of age should be tested again at 3.5-years of age. Preferably the vision screening should be performed during the period between 3.5- and 4.0-years of age, for reliability and efficiency. Accordingly, the screening standards should also be changed with consideration given to visual development of children of this age.
Child↗
[Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria--an autopsied case].
A 43-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of acute occipital headache and drowsiness. He had been diagnosed as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with acute renal failure for 2 months prior to the admission. He had abdominal pain and fever of unknown origin for 2 weeks. On admission neurological examination revealed mild disturbance of consciousness, right papilledema and minimal nuchal rigidity. The urinalysis was normal and blood hemoglobin was 8.3 g/dl. Mild hemolysis was suspected because of decreased level of the serum haptoglobin. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated the complete occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus by fresh thrombus and the cerebral hemorrhage in the right parieto-occipital subcortex. No other cause for cerebral sinus thrombosis was detected. The patient was treated medically using anti-edema agents, but on the twentieth hospital day he died because of brain herniation. The postmortem examination disclosed thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus on both side. There was a massive hematoma in the right parieto-occipital subcortex. The spleen and kidney also contained multiple venous thromboses. Twelve cases of cerebral sinus thrombosis with PNH have been reported in the literatures. Although cerebral sinus thrombosis is a common complication with PNH in Caucasian, but is rare in Asian including Japanese. This may probably depend upon a racial difference. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with cerebral sinus thrombosis with PNH in Japan.
Adult↗
Two novel functions associated with the Rel oncoproteins: DNA replication and cell-specific transcriptional activation.
The v-Rel oncoprotein and its cellular homolog c-Rel belong to the Rel/kappa B family of transcription factors. Members of this family share extensive sequence similarity in their N-terminal halves, a region referred to as the Rel Homology Region (RHR), bind to NF-kappa B DNA motifs and form heterodimers with one another. Whereas c-Rel activates transcription of kappa B-linked genes, v-Rel behaves as a dominant-interfering mutant of c-Rel- and kappa B-mediated transcription activation. Here we describe two novel activities of the Rel oncoproteins. One induces kappa B-site dependent stimulation of polyomavirus (Py) DNA replication and maps to the N-terminus of the RHR, a region where no transcription activation function was detected. This activity is common to v-Rel, c-Rel, p52 (p49/lyt10), RelA (p65) and the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. The second promotes transcriptional activation in undifferentiated F9 cells and maps 3' to the RHR, a region essential for the transforming activity of v-Rel.
Animals↗
Histological changes of vestibular nerves and ganglion cells in the acoustic tumor in relation to clinical functions.
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Adult↗
FMRFamide-related peptides isolated from the prosobranch mollusc Fusinus ferrugineus.
In addition to FMRFamide and FLRFamide, four FMRFamide-related peptides were isolated from the ganglia of a prosobranch mollusc, Fusinus ferrugineus. Their primary structures were ALTNDHELRFamide, LSSFVRIamide, GSLFRFamide and SSLFRFamide.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cellulose acetate electrophoretic determination of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without osteopenia.
We adapted the electrophoretic method of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination using neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae to separate bone and liver ALP on cellulose acetate membrane. Treatment of separator plus serum (1:8, neuraminidase 111 U/l in final) for 10 min at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and subsequent electrophoresis made it possible to quantify bone ALP activity simply and rapidly. The precision of the data was at the level of CV of 1.6% (within-day) and 4.7% (day-to-day), with recovery rates of 97-103%. The normal range of bone ALP activity depended on age and sex. Seventy-eight diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, excluding those with renal failure, were divided into two groups of those with and without osteopenia with matching of age (+/- 3 years) and sex. Bone ALP (P < 0.001) and total ALP (P < 0.05) activities and urine calcium/creatinine ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in DM with osteopenia than in DM without osteopenia. Therefore, bone formation and absorption may be accelerated in DM with osteopenia in comparison with DM without osteopenia.
Adult↗
Immunocytochemical localization of rat intestinal 15 kDa protein, a member of cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins.
Rat intestinal 15 kDa protein (I-15P) is a member of the family of cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins. Using a specific antiserum against I-15P, we studied the tissue distribution and subcellular localization of this protein in the entire rat body. By immunoblot analysis of cytosolic proteins, I-15P was detected not only in the distal portion of small intestine but also in the ovary and adrenal gland. Immunohistochemically, I-15P was localized to the absorptive epithelial cells as well as a subpopulation of enterochromaffin cells in the intestine, the lutein cells in the ovary, and subpopulations of cortical cells in the adrenal gland. Furthermore, I-15P-like immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in the surface mucous cells of stomach and the granular convoluted tubule cells of submandibular gland. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that the immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasmic matrix region, except in the enterochromaffin cells and granular convoluted tubule cells, where it was localized in the secretory granules. The present findings suggest that I-15P plays a role in the cellular metabolism of steroids.
Adrenal Glands↗