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Biomedical subjects

T Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanda.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of combination therapy with OK432 and recombinant human interferon-alpha A/D on atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in mice with viral myocarditis.

The effects of combination therapy with the immunomodulators OK432 (derived from the Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes A3; 1 unit corresponds to 0.1 mg of dried streptococci dissolved in 0.1 ml of saline) and human recombinant interferon-alpha A/D (IFN) on cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression and myocardial hypertrophy were examined in a murine model of viral myocarditis with congestive heart failure. Therapy was started 24 h after inoculation with encephalomyocarditis virus and was continued for 14 days. The plasma ANP concentration in untreated infected mice was significantly (P < .01) increased on day 10 (115 +/- 48 pg/ml) and day 30 (43 +/- 22 pg/ml) after inoculation relative to that in uninfected controls (5 +/- 4 pg/ml), whereas plasma ANP levels in treated mice were significantly (P < .01) reduced on day 10 (14 +/- 13 pg/ml) and day 30 (11 +/- 9 pg/ml) in comparison with untreated infected mice. The atrial and ventricular ANP messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in untreated mice showed increases of approximately 1.4- and 29.3-fold, respectively, on day 10 and increases of 1.8- and 34-fold, respectively, on day 30 compared with the concentration in uninfected controls. Combined OK432 and IFN significantly (P < .01) reduced the increase in ANP mRNA concentration in ventricles to 6.0- and 6.7-fold on days 10 and 30, respectively. Neither OK432 nor IFN monotherapy reduced the ANP mRNA concentrations in atria and ventricles compared with those in untreated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of losartan, an AT1 selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on isoproterenol-induced cardiac ornithine decarboxylase activity.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC,EC 4.1.1.7), a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is known to be induced by a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol (ISO). ODC activity and cardiac polyamine content are considered to be correlated with ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rat hearts. To determine whether ISO-induced cardiac ODC activity is mediated through the renin-angiotensin system, especially at the AT1-receptor, we used a nonpeptide AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, in this study. Losartan (10 mg/kg) suppressed both heart ODC and polyamine contents in ISO-treated rats. Although metoprolol (a selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist) totally suppressed ODC activity, these results suggest that ISO-stimulated cardiac ODC activity may be regulated through beta 2-adrenoceptors coupled with AT1 receptors in rats.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1995

[A case of myokymia with abnormal F responses].

We reported a case of myokymia with abnormal F response. A 60-year-old male with chronic alcoholism was admitted to our hospital with complaint of muscle cramp in both legs just after drinking. Neurological examination revealed muscle pain and weakness of the legs, absence of bilateral Achilles tendon reflexes and prominent myokymia in his right quadriceps femoris and left calf muscles. The electrophysiological examination showed reduced conduction velocity, high amplitude, increased number of phases and long duration of F responses suggesting increased excitability of motoneuron pool. The epidural nerve block brought about a disappearance of the myokymia and an improvement of the abnormal features of F response. The myokymia gradually tended to be milder in the clinical course. The relationship between the myokymia and the abnormal F responses indicated that the increased excitability of spinal motoneurons might play an important role on the generation of myokymia of this patient.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1995

[Usefulness of 123I-MIBG and 123I-BMIPP myocardial scintigraphy for detecting coronary artery disease and for evaluating left ventricular function].

We evaluated the diagnostic value of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 123I-labeled beta-methyliodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) myocardial SPECTs for evaluating coronary artery disease and left ventricular function, in comparison with the diagnostic value of 201Tl (Tl) SPECT. For forty-nine patients with coronary artery disease, resting MIBG and BMIPP SPECTs were performed to detect coronary artery stenosis, compared with the diagnostic value of exercise Tl. Left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion were compared with the total US (TUS) and regional US (RUS) of resting MIBG and BMIPP SPECTs, and in turn, compared with resting Tl SPECT. The sensitivity of resting BMIPP SPECT for detecting coronary artery stenosis was lower, and the specificity of resting MIBG SPECT was lower than the other two methods. The accuracy of resting MIBG SPECT for evaluating coronary lesions was nearly the same as the accuracy of exercise Tl, but higher than that of BMIPP SPECT. Left ventricular ejection fraction was well correlated with TUS of resting MIBG SPECT (r = 0.80), resting BMIPP SPECT (r = 0.77), and resting Tl SPECT (r = 0.68). Regional wall motion was most correlated with RUS of resting BMIPP SPECT, compared with that of resting Tl and MIBG SPECTs. These data suggest that resting MIBG SPECT is useful for detecting coronary artery disease and that resting BMIPP SPECT is valuable in evaluating regional left ventricular function.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1995

Chronic effect of losartan in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with captopril.

The long-term effects of losartan, an angiotensin II subtype-I receptor antagonist, were compared with those of captopril in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. Four weeks after viral inoculation, 42 DBA/2 mice were given oral losartan 1.2 mg/kg/day (n = 8), 12 mg/kg/day (n = 8) or 60 mg/kg/day (n = 8) or captopril 7.5 mg/kg/day (n = 8) in drinking water or distilled water (n = 10). Mice were killed at the end of the 12-wk treatment period. Heart weight, left ventricular thickness, left ventricular cavity dimension and myocardial fiber diameter were significantly lower in mice given losartan 60 mg/kg as compared with the infected untreated group. Captopril had a similar effect on all parameters. The pathologic score of cardiac fibrosis was significantly lower in the mice treated with captopril but was not reduced in the mice treated with losartan. Moreover, as compared with the age- and sex-matched normal mice, cardiac mass and myocardial fiber diameter were significantly lower in normal mice treated with losartan 60 mg/kg. This study suggests that long-term treatment with losartan may prevent thickening of left ventricular wall and cavity dimension in dilated cardiomyopathy caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. The potency, and perhaps the efficacy, of losartan appear to be less than those of captopril.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

[Determination of 1H- or 13C NMR spectra of oleandomycin (OL), the esterolitic cleavage compound of OL and OL 2'-phosphate using two-dimensional methods in D2O solution].

All signals of 1H- and 13C NMR spectra of oleandomycin and the esterolitic cleavage compound of oleandomycin, and all signals of 1H-NMR spectra of oleandomycin 2'-phosphate were determined using two-dimensional methods as 1H-1H and 13C-1H COSY NMR, and DEPT NMR in D2O solution. The two modified products of oleandomycin were prepared by two strains of Escherichia coli highly resistant to erythromycin. These results are basically useful in determination of the structure of novel metabolites of oleandomycin inactivated by bacterial action.

Deuterium↗
PubMed1995

Integration of control measures for malaria vectors in endemic areas of Thailand.

Various vector control measures were applied in different endemic areas in two provinces, Saraburi and Chanthaburi, with comparison among different control measures. Application of IGR (insect growth regurator, pyriproxyfen) was introduced at Wat Tam Pra Pothisat, Tab-Kwang District, Saraburi Province. Some integration measures were performed at villages 6 and 8, Patavee, Makham District, Chanthaburi Province. In Tab-Kwang District with low malaria endemicity at the study site predators were not able to be released due to rapid velocity of running water. IGR could effectively control malaria compared to the basin released predators. Another endemic areas villagers 6 and 8, Patavee, Makham, Chanthaburi Province was chosen. Highly endemic multidrug resistant malaria has been prevalent for many years in this area. Integration of Kanda's trapping system, application of IGR, use of both residual spraying and impregnated bed-net methods with etofenprox successfully interrupted malaria infection. The application of these methods as an integrated control system could be adjusted to environmental conditions. The results of this study suggest rapid effective vector control.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The effects of dopa and oxygen on RNA concentrations in cultured chick embryonal retinal pigment epithelial cells].

We measured RNA and DNA concentrations in cultured chick embryonal retinal pigment epithelial cells to investigate the effects of dopa and oxygen on DNA and RNA synthesis. RNA/DNA ratios were decreased by addition of 250 microM dopa. Decrease of RNA/DNA ratios was suppressed when the oxygen concentrations were reduced from 20% to 10%. Incubation with medium containing 100 microM dopa increased RNA/DNA ratios in 10% oxygen. Exposure of retinal pigment epithelial cells to 250 microM dopa caused the decrease of RNA concentrations in the retinal pigment epithelial cells, which was ameliorated by lowering oxygen concentrations. However, the addition of 100 microM dopa in 10% oxygen stimulated retinal pigment epithelial cells and seemed to increase RNA concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Elevation of ALT to AST ratio in patients with enteroviral myocarditis.

Enteroviral myocarditis is often a relatively benign condition in adults. Physicians, therefore, may not always record detailed clinical and laboratory data in such patients. As such, they may not recognize viral involvement in organs beyond the heart. The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatic involvement of enteroviral peri-myocarditis and to compare the other diseases with congestive heart failure. We analyzed 18 patients (ages 15-64) who were diagnosed as having enteroviral myocarditis (n = 16) or pericarditis (n = 2). Serology was positive for coxsackie viruses in 11 patients and echoviruses in six patients. A diagnosis of hepatic involvement was made by the following laboratory data: rising levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and exceeded serum ALT compared with AST levels. A ratio of ALT/AST more than 1.0 was greatly frequent in patients with peri-myocarditis (72%; 13/18) compared with acute myocardial infarction (0%; 0/10) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (3%; 3/10). In summary, hepatic involvement in the setting of acute enteroviral peri-myocarditis may be considerably more common in adults than previously suspected. The recognition of hepatic involvement in association with enteroviral peri-myocarditis may allow improvement of diagnostic sensitivity and alter approaches to treatments of acute viral myocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostic significance of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in dilated cardiomyopathy].

The prognostic factor was identified by performing 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy on 17 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). During 5 years period, 9 patients had cardiac events, four of whom died, six were admitted due to heart failure and five had ventricular tachycardiac events. At the starting point, we collected rest early and 3-hr-delayed MIBG SPECT along with rest 201T1 (T1) SPECT. In the SPECT, regional tracer uptake was scored using 4-grades defect score (0 = normal to 3 = uptake-defect), and summed up to total defect score (TDS). At the same time, we estimated left ventricular end-diastolic dimension/body surface area (LVDd/BSA), end-systolic dimension/body surface area (LVDs/BSA) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echo-cardiography, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) symptom class. We compared the clinical and hemodynamic parameters between the patients with cardiac events (group A) and the other patients (group B). TDS of delayed MIBG SPECT (p < 0.001), TDS of early MIBG SPECT (p < 0.05), TDS of T1 SPECT (p < 0.01), LVDd/BSA (p < 0.01), LVDs/BSA (p < 0.001) and NYHA class (p < 0.05) of group A were significantly larger than those of group B. But, LVEF of group A was significantly less than that of group B (p < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the following parameters were independent predictors of cardiac events: TDS of delayed MIBG SPECT (p < 0.001), PAWP (p = 0.0124) and LVDd/BSA (p = 0.0026). These data suggest that delayed MIBG scintigraphy is thought to be important to predict cardiac events in patients with DCM.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1995

Serum levels of interleukin-8 as a marker of disease activity in patients with chronic sarcoidosis.

We determined the serum concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and assessed its value as a marker of disease activity. The serum concentrations of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured by a colorimetric assay in 16 patients with chronic sarcoidosis. Thirteen of the 16 patients with chronic sarcoidosis showed a serum IL-8 concentration higher than the normal range. The mean (+/- S. E.) serum IL-8 concentration in patients with active sarcoidosis (n = 6) was 18.7 +/- 1.3 pg/mL and that in patients with inactive sarcoidosis (n = 10) was 8.0 +/- 1.1 pg/mL; the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). An overall positive correlation between serum IL-8 concentration and serum ACE activity was apparent; however, only four of the 16 patients with sarcoidosis had a serum ACE activity greater than the normal range. TNF-alpha was detected in the serum of only two patients. The serum concentration of IL-8 may prove a useful marker for monitoring disease activity in sarcoidosis, especially in the chronic stage.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Risk factors for myocardial infarction in cancer patients.

The increasingly long survival of cancer patients raises the question whether there might be an association between myocardial infarction (MI) and different types of cancer, especially since these different diseases share some of the same risk factors, like smoking. We describe a retrospective study in which we examined the autopsied hearts of 1642 cancer patients to determine the incidence of MI in different types of cancer and then studied the records of 106 of these cancer patients with complicated of fatal MI to determine their risk factors. The incidence of MI among the 1642 cancer patients was 6.5%. It was significantly higher in patients with squamous cell type cancers of the lung, head and neck, and urothelial tract cancer as compared with other types of cancers. The major coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in these patients were smoking, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Before therapy begins, cancer patients, especially those with squamous-cell-type cancer, should be screened for CAD risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, and treated accordingly.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Synthesis of polymer-coated mixed-functional packing materials for direct analysis of drug-containing serum and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Silicone polymer-coated mixed-functional (PCMF) silica packing materials were developed for the direct determination of drugs contained in serum or plasma. The new stationary phases were prepared by the following three-step procedure: (1) coating porous silica with a silicone polymer; (2) partial introduction of hydrophobic groups; and (3) introduction of hydrophilic groups. Two PCMFs were synthesized, one having polyoxyethylene groups as hydrophilic groups (PCMF-POE) and the other having oligoglyceryl groups (PCMF-OG). PCMF-POE showed higher recoveries for injected proteins and a greater overall retention for drug molecules than PCMF-OG. PCMF-POE did not show any column deterioration in 500 serum sample injections (10 ml in total).

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1994

A cardiac myxoma with interleukin-6 production and cerebral metastasis.

The occurrence of cerebral metastasis from cardiac myxoma is extremely rare. We present a 70-year-old man who had atrial myxoma with two metastatic myxomas in his brain. Histopathologic examination revealed a benign myxoma. An elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in the serum, and immunohistochemical staining of the primary myxoma by an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody confirmed interleukin production by the myxoma. The IL-6-positive myxoma cells were closely attached to the cerebral endothelial cells. This suggests that IL-6 production by the atrial myxoma may have been an important factor for intravascular metastasis or embolization.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

KF17837: a novel selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist with anticataleptic activity.

KF17837 is a novel selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Oral administration of KF17837 (2.5, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the cataleptic responses induced by intracerebroventricular administration of an adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS 21680 (10 micrograms), in a dose-dependent manner. KF17837 also reduced the catalepsy induced by haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and by reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.). These anticataleptic effects were exhibited dose dependently at doses from 0.625 and 2.5 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Moreover, KF17837 (0.625 mg/kg p.o.) potentiated the anticataleptic effects of a subthreshold dose of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA; 25 mg/kg i.p.) plus benserazide (6.25 mg/kg i.p.). These results suggested that KF17837 is a centrally active adenosine A2A receptor antagonist and that the dopaminergic function of the nigrostriatal pathway is potentiated by adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Furthermore, KF17837 may be a useful drug in the treatment of parkinsonism.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition by topiramate of seizures in spontaneously epileptic rats and DBA/2 mice.

The effects of topiramate, a novel antiepileptic drug, on tonic and absence-like seizures in spontaneously epileptic rats (SER; zi/zi, tm/tm) and on sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice were investigated. Topiramate (20 and 40 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited both tonic and absence-like seizures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas phenytoin (20 mg/kg i.p.) and zonisamide (40 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited only the tonic seizures. The inhibitory effects of topiramate on absence-like seizures were antagonized by pretreatment with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), but those on the tonic seizures remained unaffected. Topiramate inhibited sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice (ED50 = 8.6 mg/kg p.o.). These findings suggest that topiramate may be effective for treatment of both convulsive and absence seizures of human epilepsy. The inhibitory effect of topiramate on absence-like seizures in SER may be mediated through the central dopaminergic system.

Acoustic Stimulation↗