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Biomedical subjects

T Kanda

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cellulose acetate electrophoretic determination of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without osteopenia.

We adapted the electrophoretic method of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination using neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae to separate bone and liver ALP on cellulose acetate membrane. Treatment of separator plus serum (1:8, neuraminidase 111 U/l in final) for 10 min at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and subsequent electrophoresis made it possible to quantify bone ALP activity simply and rapidly. The precision of the data was at the level of CV of 1.6% (within-day) and 4.7% (day-to-day), with recovery rates of 97-103%. The normal range of bone ALP activity depended on age and sex. Seventy-eight diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, excluding those with renal failure, were divided into two groups of those with and without osteopenia with matching of age (+/- 3 years) and sex. Bone ALP (P < 0.001) and total ALP (P < 0.05) activities and urine calcium/creatinine ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in DM with osteopenia than in DM without osteopenia. Therefore, bone formation and absorption may be accelerated in DM with osteopenia in comparison with DM without osteopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical localization of rat intestinal 15 kDa protein, a member of cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins.

Rat intestinal 15 kDa protein (I-15P) is a member of the family of cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins. Using a specific antiserum against I-15P, we studied the tissue distribution and subcellular localization of this protein in the entire rat body. By immunoblot analysis of cytosolic proteins, I-15P was detected not only in the distal portion of small intestine but also in the ovary and adrenal gland. Immunohistochemically, I-15P was localized to the absorptive epithelial cells as well as a subpopulation of enterochromaffin cells in the intestine, the lutein cells in the ovary, and subpopulations of cortical cells in the adrenal gland. Furthermore, I-15P-like immunoreactivity was also demonstrated in the surface mucous cells of stomach and the granular convoluted tubule cells of submandibular gland. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that the immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasmic matrix region, except in the enterochromaffin cells and granular convoluted tubule cells, where it was localized in the secretory granules. The present findings suggest that I-15P plays a role in the cellular metabolism of steroids.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1992

Effects of lobenzarit on murine acute viral myocarditis.

Lobenzarit (CCA) is a newly developed immunomodulating drug that has been demonstrated to enhance suppressor T-cell number and function. In this study we investigated the effect of CCA on murine myocarditis induced by the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Mice were first inoculated with the EMC virus. CCA (100 mg/kg) was administered daily for 14 days, starting on the day the mice were inoculated. The concentrations of Lyt2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T) cells in the peripheral blood and heart were examined by laser flow cytometry and in situ staining. The concentration of Lyt2+ cells increased significantly in the peripheral blood and heart of CCA-treated mice when compared with untreated mice (blood: 23.0 +/- 2.6% vs. 18.8 +/- 2.8%, p less than 0.05; heart: 30.1 +/- 4.6% vs. 15.8 +/- 4.3%, p less than 0.05, respectively). Surprisingly, however, the severity of myocardial inflammation in CCA-treated mice was significantly greater than in untreated mice (area of inflammation: 33.1 +/- 10.5% vs. 18.8 +/- 19.5%, respectively, p less than 0.05). Thus, these findings suggest that CCA may aggravate EMC-induced acute myocarditis by enhancing the number of Lyt2+ cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

Hemodynamic changes after resection of thoracic duct for en bloc resection of esophageal cancer.

An en bloc resection of esophageal cancer is one of the most radical forms of esophagectomy, and includes the resection of the thoracic duct, but a relatively high hospital mortality rate has been reported. There is very little knowledge on the pathophysiological changes after resection of the thoracic duct. We examined 24 patients who underwent en bloc resection. Some patients developed severe tachycardia or shock postoperatively which subsided after a massive infusion of plasma. Analysis of the fluid balance revealed that much more fluid was necessary during surgery and the postoperative 24 h than in patients treated by a standard esophagectomy. Postoperative lymphangiography or CT revealed abnormal collateral lymphatics around the kidneys or in the pelvic cavity. This suggests the development of the lymphaticovenous shunts, which differed depending on the anatomy of each patient. One patient with chronic hepatitis developed uncontrollable ascites. These are important findings which can hopefully reduce the high rate of hospital death after this operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein as a sensitive marker of intestinal ischemia.

Determination of the serum level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein has been used to detect rat intestinal ischemia following ligation or 30-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. The normal values were under the minimal detectable level of less than 2 ng/ml in all the 10 rats. The serum fatty acid-binding protein level increased rapidly, to 340.7 +/- 54.6, 438.5 +/- 40.1, 388.1 +/- 37.4, and 292.2 +/- 95.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr after ligation, respectively. It also increased, to 347.2 +/- 127.7 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) at 1 hr, after a 30-min transient occlusion and then returned to a normal level. Histological studies showed destruction of the villi, disappearance of the mucosa, and transmural necrosis with the progress of time after ligation, while no remarkable morphological change was observed following 30-min transient occlusion. These observations strongly suggest that the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein is a useful biochemical marker for intestinal ischemia, particularly in the early reversible phase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

HLA gene analysis in a Japanese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by restriction fragment length polymorphism.

A large Japanese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was examined (n = 61). Ten of 14 affected family members who showed HCM on the basis of electrocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography were subjected to human leukocyte antigen (HL-A)-A,B,C typing by the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test and D, DR typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). As control, the HLA genotype of 14 non-affected family members was analyzed. HLA typing of the affected subjects with HCM revealed a very close association (67%) of HLA-DR (4w8) among A,B,C,D and DR. However, the LOD scores of HLA-DR4 and -DR w8 were 0.693 (theta = 0.35) and 0.642 (theta = 0.30) respectively. These data suggest that HLA-loci, analyzed on the basis of RFLP, may not be related with familial HCM with or without obstruction.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1992

The E7 functions of human papillomaviruses in rat 3Y1 cells.

Among more than 60 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, several HPVs are believed to be high risk because they are found in close association with cervical carcinoma. We compared the E7 genes from HPVs 1, 6b, 16, 18, and 33 for their transactivating, transforming, and mitogenic functions in a single cell line rat 3Y1. Whereas both the low-risk (1 and 6b) and the high-risk (16, 18, and 33) HPVs were transactivating for the adenovirus E2 promoter, only the high-risk HPVs were capable of focal transformation as assayed by an efficient method using the SR alpha-promoter and in conjunction with the HPV 16 E6 gene. The putative oncogenicity of HPVs appears to be reflected in vitro by the focal transformation, but not by the transactivation. Transient expression of the E7 genes controlled by the dexamethasone-responsive MMTV-LTR showed that the HPV 16 mutant E7s only with residual transforming activity were not mitogenic, but that, although the low-risk HPV E7s were less efficient, both the low-risk and high-risk HPV E7s were capable of inducing cellular DNA synthesis. Probably, the capability to induce cell DNA synthesis is necessary but not sufficient for the E7-mediated focal transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Independent association of antibodies against human papillomavirus type 16 E1/E4 and E7 proteins with cervical cancer.

The E4 open reading frame (ORF) of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is transcribed in abundant mRNAs encoding an E1/E4 fusion gene during the productive infection, and the HPV 16 E7 ORF encodes an oncoprotein detectable in the cell lines derived from cervical carcinoma. We examined 421 human sera, which included 108 samples from the patients with cervical carcinoma, for the presence of IgG antibodies against the HPV 16 E4 and E7 proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bacterially expressed fusion protein lac-E1/E4 and nonfusion protein E7 were purified and used as antigens. All of the 22 serum samples positive for anti-E7 antibody and the 11 out of 15 samples positive for anti-E1/E4 antibody were from the patients with cervical carcinoma, but only one sample was found to contain both anti-E1/E4 and anti-E7 antibodies. These findings show specific and independent association of these antibodies with cervical carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Electron microscopic observation of killer cells induced by mixed culture of lymphocytes with autologous cancer cells and further culture with recombinant interleukin-2.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 2 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer were cultured with mitomycin C treated autologous tumor cells (autologous MLTC) for 10 days and further cultured with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). In one case 10-day MLTC induced increase of CD25-positive lymphocyte count, indicating that IL-2 receptors were expressed dominantly by the autologous tumor stimulation, and further culture with rIL-2 differentiated killing activity against autologous tumor cells. In the other case, however, MLTC alone induced killing activity against autologous tumor cells, indicating that the tumor cells from this patient might possess stimulatory activity sufficient to induce mature killer cells. Electron microscopic observation of the morphological features of lymphocytes cultured for 10 days revealed mostly small lymphocytes with low incidence of cytoplasmic granules. Further culture with rIL-2, however, induced slightly larger lymphocytes with well-developed microvilli, and cytoplasmic granules were found in many of the cells. Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells induced by culture of lymphocytes with rIL-2 alone were much larger and had long microvilli and abundant cytoplasmic granules, and were apparently morphologically different from the killer cells initiated by MLTC. The small lymphocytes induced by autologous MLTC alone might be autologous tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and/or CTL precursors. Further culture with rIL-2 induced maturation of the CTL. However, the nature of the cytoplasmic granules remains obscure.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Adsorption mode of exo- and endo-cellulases from Irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae) on cellulose with different crystallinities.

The adsorption mode of two highly purified cellulases, exo- and endo-type cellulases, from Irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae) was investigated by using pure cellulosic materials with different crystallinity as substrates. Adsorption of the two enzymes on the substrates was found to fit the Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. Maximum amount of adsorbed enzyme obtained from the Langmuir plots showed an inverse correlation to the crystallinity of the substrate with both enzymes, and this value of endo-type cellulase was less dependent on the degree of crystallinity of substrates than that of exo-type cellulase, whose isotherms reached saturation in the range of low enzyme concentrations. The two enzymes showed relatively high affinities for all the substrates and their affinities increased with increasing crystallinity, but this tendency was less marked with endo-type cellulase than with exo-type one. In addition, large negative values of free energy change were observed on the adsorption of both enzymes, and the values became more negative with increasing crystallinity. Consequently, both cellulases showed high adsorption on crystalline cellulose and the adsorption process became smoother with increasing crystallinity. The adsorption of the two types of cellulases was endothermic with an increase in entropy, especially for amorphous cellulose, suggesting the occurrence of water release from the substrates during enzyme adsorption. In addition, the changes in thermodynamic parameters (delta H, delta S, and delta G) in adsorption of exo-type cellulase were larger than in that of endo-type enzyme.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1992

Depressed CD4/CD8 ratio in TPHA-negative patients with syphilis.

The Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) is a widely used method for screening syphilis. We report our experience with six elderly (age 72.4 +/- 8.3 years) patients with syphilis, whose TPHA was negative. Their cardiolipin (RPR) and absorbed fluorescence treponemal tests (FTA-ABS) were positive. TPHA-negative patients with syphilis were compared with TPHA-positive syphilitics by immunological analysis. We found that both the numbers and the percentage of CD4 cells in TPHA-negative syphilitics were significantly lower than those in TPHA-positive syphilitics (722 +/- 142 vs. 1,064 +/- 141/mm3, P less than 0.01: 35.1 +/- 6.9 vs. 48.4 +/- 6.4%, P less than 0.01) and that the ratio of CD4 to CD8 was also lower in TPHA-negative syphilitics compared with TPHA-positive syphilitics (1.08 +/- 0.46 vs. 2.24 +/- 1.07, P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the TPHA is insufficient for excluding elderly syphilitics because of immunological impairment seen in aged patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiology of Tsutsugamushi disease in relation to the serotypes of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients, field mice, and unfed chiggers on the eastern slope of Mount Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

A total of 59 strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were isolated from patients (24 isolates), Apodemus speciosus mice (30 isolates), and unfed larvae of Leptotrombidium scutellare (2 isolates) and Leptotrombidium pallidum (3 isolates) in the Gotenba-Oyama District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. All these isolates were classified into the three serotypes Karp, Kawasaki, and Kuroki based on reactivity with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Kawasaki- and Karp-type rickettsiae were isolated from L. scutellare and L. pallidum, respectively, and the geographic distribution of patients and rodents infected with these two types of rickettsiae coincided with the areas densely populated by the respective chiggers. From these results, we conclude that Kawasaki-type rickettsiae are transmitted by L. scutellare and Karp-type ones are transmitted by L. pallidum. Kawasaki-type rickettsial infections were prevalent in early autumn, and Karp-type infections showed a peak of occurrence in the late autumn, reflecting the seasonal fluctuations of L. scutellare and L. pallidum. Isolates of Kuroki-type rickettsiae were obtained only from four patients in October and November, and the relationship between this type of rickettsia and its vector species could not be fully defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of KW-6055, a novel benzylpyridine derivative, on central cholinergic systems].

We examined the effect of KW-6055 [alpha-(p-butyrylamino-o-nitrobenzyl) pyridine], which has anti-amnesic activity, on the central cholinergic systems of rat frontal cortex using in vivo brain microdialysis. 1) KW-6055 (40, 160 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the extracellular level of ACh in normal rats (257 +/- 23, 202 +/- 24%). The stimulating effect of KW-6055 on ACh release was abolished by tetrodotoxin treatment, supporting that the released ACh was due to neuronal firing. Reserpine pretreatment decreased the effect of KW-6055, indicating that KW-6055 acted on cholinergic neurons through catecholaminergic neurons. 2) In basal forebrain-lesioned rats, KW-6055 (40 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the extracellular level of ACh (251 +/- 22%) for more than 2 hr, which was longer than in normal rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the stimulating activity on ACh release may be involved in the mechanism of the anti-amnesic effects of KW-6055.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Functional abnormalities of circulating natural killer cell subpopulations in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

We investigated abnormalities in natural killer (NK) cells in the myocardium and circulating blood of 38 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 8 patients with primary amyloidosis, and 12 age-matched normal control subjects. Immunohistochemical staining of myocardial biopsies revealed a significantly greater number of CD57-positive NK cells in patients with DCM than that in controls (3.7 +/- 2.7 v.s. 1.9 +/- 1.6, p < 0.05). The New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial fiber diameter, and interstitial fibrosis volume fraction did not differ significantly between the DCM patients who died within five years of diagnosis and the 31 surviving DCM patients. However, there were significantly fewer CD57-positive NK cells in patients who died than in surviving patients (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the peripheral NK cell activity or the number of NK subset cells between the 16 patients with DCM (n = 16) and the 12 age-matched normal controls. In normal controls, the number of some NK cell subpopulations (CD16+, CD57+, CD16+ CD57+, and CD8+ CD57+ cells) were positively correlated with NK cell activity. In patients with DCM, there was no correlation between the number of NK cell subpopulations and NK cell activity. Our findings indicate that functional abnormalities exist in NK cell subpopulations in patients with DCM, and that these abnormalities may be related to the pathogenesis of DCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus induced by the NDK25 variant of encephalomyocarditis virus.

Intraperitoneal inoculation with NDK25, a variant of Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus which has been newly cloned from the M variant of EMC virus (EMC-M), caused DBA/2 mice to develop noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The NDK25-infected mice demonstrated abnormal glucose tolerance from 1 to 3 weeks after inoculation. The infection resulted in mild insulitis and the destruction of pancreatic beta cells at 1 week after inoculation and led to a significant reduction in the insulin content of the pancreas, but there was no ketonuria. The insulin content of the pancreas was recovered considerably from 15 +/- 3 at 1 week to 95 +/- 16 micrograms/g pancreas at 12 weeks, although the latter value was still significantly lower than that of the control mice (P < 0.05). Under microscopy, mild and partial infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed in about half the pancreatic islets only 1 week after inoculation, and then disappeared. Thus, we believe we have established a new model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using the NDK25 variant of EMC virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between developmental prognosis and changing picture of postural findings in early infancy among early treated children].

We followed 93 infants prospectively who were treated because of moderate and severe grades of cerebral coordination disturbances since less than 6 months of age. They were divided into 3 groups according to developmental prognosis at 4 years of age; normal 44, mental retardation 18, and cerebral palsy 31. We compared the postural findings in supine and prone position, and 7 postural reactions at the first examination with those at discharge about 50 days after the first examination. We assessed the changing pictures of postural findings as improved, not changed or worsened. We analyzed the relationship between the changing pictures of postural findings during the short period in early infancy and the developmental prognosis among the 3 groups. The normal group showed improvement in a larger number of items than the other two groups. The findings of cerebral palsied children showed poor improvement, and more postural reactions changed to be more pathologic than those in the other two groups. Among the cerebral palsied children, ambulatory cases showed better improvement than those who could not crawl. But we found no significant difference between ambulatory and crawling children. This study demonstrated that assessment of changing pictures of postural findings in early infancy was helpful to predict developmental prognosis.

Age Factors↗