Biomedical subjects

T Kanai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanai.

313 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroendocrine features in poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium.

This study aimed to clarify neuroendocrine features (NEF) in poorly differentiated (G3) endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and to evaluate its prognostic significance. Forty cases with G3 carcinoma were investigated for NEF immunohistochemically. The histopathologic specimens were immunostained with chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and leu-7, using the labeled streptavidin-biotin method. The staining pattern was classified into diffuse, partial, or focal. The NEF was compared with clinicopathologic variables, including patients' survival. Chromogranin A was positive diffusely in 1 patient (2.5%), partially in 8 (20%), and focally in 13 (32.5%). Synaptophysin was positive diffusely in one (2.5%), partially in three (7.5%), and focally in nine (22.5%). Leu-7 was focally positive in 10 (25%) patients. The overall positive rate of the three neuroendocrine markers was 62.5%. A patient with diffusely positive staining for both chromogranin A and synaptophysin was diagnosed with neuroendocrine carcinoma. One or more neuroendocrine markers were positive in 25 cases (62.5%). Positive NEF was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters such as stage and myometrial invasion. The survival of the patients with positive NEF, especially with positive leu-7, was significantly lower than that without NEF. NEF was detected immunohistochemically in approximately 63% of the G3 carcinomas, and these patients had a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spot scanning system for proton radiotherapy.

In order to provide a uniform and desirable dose distribution over a large radiation field, spot beam scanning is one of the most useful methods. A new spot beam scanning system was constructed for a 70 MeV proton beam. The lateral dose distribution was uniform with +/- 2.5% for an 18 cm square field. It was possible to control the dose at each point in the radiation field by this spot scanning method. This system has been confirmed to be satisfactory for delivering a proton beam in the desired field shape and dose level.

Particle Accelerators↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Broad beam three-dimensional irradiation for proton radiotherapy.

A three-dimensional irradiation system using scatterers for lateral spreading is proposed. This system, which is applicable to proton beams, is easily achieved by ordinary techniques using a movable multileaf collimator, a variable thickness water column, and a computer for their control. Target volumes of convex shape can be irradiated in a three-dimensional way by this method.

Protons↗

PubMedDate not supplied

On-line characterization of heavy-ion beams with semiconductor detectors.

Heavy-ion beams used in biomedical studies suffer a substantial amount of nuclear reactions (fragmentation) as they traverse matter. Since it has been demonstrated that dose and linear energy transfer (LET) are not a sufficient description of a beam for the purpose of understanding its biological effects, it is necessary to be able to separate the components of a complex beam so that their individual effects can be analyzed. A simple and small assembly consisting of a thin silicon LET detector, in time coincidence with a thick germanium residual energy detector has been used in measurements of the components of Ne-20 and Si-28 high-energy ion beams. The detector system can be placed at any experimental area without difficulty and it can carry out a beam analysis in a few minutes, making it very appropriate for fast on-line measurements and verification of beam characteristics. LET values measured by the silicon detector agree well with results of the Bethe stopping-power calculations, and the dose measured for the beam components can be used to obtain Bragg curves that are in good agreement with those obtained by ionization chamber measurements on the same beams. The numbers and LET distribution of primaries and fragments at different positions of the Bragg curves, as well as fractional dose contributed by the different components are determined directly from the experimental data. Particle velocity distributions can be obtained for the higher Z fragments. Limitations and advantages of the simple measurement technique are discussed.

Energy Transfer↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in a patient with intractable lupus nephritis.

A 32-year-old female was suffering from intractable lupus nephritis (LN). Prednisolone at 30 mg per day had been prescribed for two months because of massive proteinuria and edema. After that, anasarca and orthopnea were induced, and hypoproteinemia, hypercholesteremia, and anti-cardiolipin antibody were observed. Prednisolone at a dose of 60 mg per day was necessary. However, there was no improvement of the nephrotic state and renal pathological changes shown as diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were followed by moderate crescent formation as determined by serial needle biopsy. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) pulse therapy was started and marked improvement of LN was obtained clinically and serologically without significant adverse effects.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The prognostic significance of macroscopic growth pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The relationship between macroscopic growth pattern of main tumor and postoperative survival was retrospectively investigated in 155 patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The survival of single nodular type (type I, n = 75) was significantly better than that of single nodular type with proliferation into the surrounding area (type II, n = 53) or massive type (type V, n = 13). The frequency of intrahepatic metastasis or portal tumor thrombus in the resected specimens was significantly lower in patients with type I than in those with type II or V (p < 0.05). Patients with type I undergoing segmentectomy (Hr1) had better survival than those with hepatic resections of less than 1 segment (Hr0, p < 0.05). However, such difference was not observed in patients with either type II or V. Moreover, the presence of a cancer-free surgical margin (1 cm or more) significantly affected the long-term prognosis (5-7 years after surgery) in type I but not in type II, suggesting that the intrahepatic spread of tumor might be localized around the main tumor in type I. On the other hand, intrahepatic metastasis and portal involvement were frequently observed in type V and the prognosis was extremely poor even when major hepatic resections were performed. These results indicate that the macroscopic growth pattern of main tumor is an important predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome of radical multiple synovectomy as a novel surgical treatment for refractory rheumatoid arthritis: implication of HLA-DRB1*0405 in post-operative results.

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed a technique for radical multiple synovectomy (RaMS), a novel surgical treatment for refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) intended to control RA activity as much as possible. The purpose of this article is to describe the technique and its short-term results. METHODS: Eighteen RA patients were followed up for at least 3 years after RaMS. Post-operative results were determined and the significance of the HLA-DRB1 alleles was studied. RESULTS: Six patients met the ARA criteria for clinical remission persistently and were classified as "remission" cases. Thirteen patients in whom the limited Lansbury index remained improved were rated as "improvement". The cumulative success rates for "remission" and "improvement" were 33.3% and 57.8%, respectively, at the time point of the latest observation. Remission was not achieved in any of the DRB1*0405-positive patients. Nine out of 10 DRB1*0405-negative patients showed persistent improvement. CONCLUSION: RaMs provided good results in one-third of patients with refractory RA at a minimum of 3 years. HLA-DRB1*0405 may be a good marker to follow the effects of RaMS in RA patients.

Adult↗