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Biomedical subjects

T Kanai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanai.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The efficacy of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in patients with metastatic liver tumors].

The efficacy of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of liver metastasis was investigated in 28 colorectal cancer patients, 3 gastric cancer patients and 5 breast cancer patients between April 1986 and May 1991. 1. The long-term intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was a simple and safe method in cancer patients. 2. We examined the serial serum CEA level in cancer patients and found that the serial change in CEA level correlated well with response to chemotherapy. The efficacy of this treatment was approximately 60% in colorectal cancer, 30% in gastric cancer, 80% in breast cancer. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy may be an effective treatment for the patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancers and breast cancers. 3. In 8 colorectal cancer patients, the serum CEA level decrease to half of the pretreatment level. However, in all cases it increased significantly within 6 months postoperatively. Almost the same trend was observed in two cases of breast cancer. Our results suggest that we should give careful consideration to the resistance to anti-cancer drugs and develop a new protocol in order to obtain further satisfactory results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of acute renal failure due to primary nephrotic syndrome.

Acute renal failure (ARF) associated with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) was analyzed clinically in order to evaluate the mechanism of onset. The incidence of induced ARF with PNS was found to be cases (2.1%) out of 420 cases attending our outpatient clinic. The renal histological changes included 2 cases of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 6 of focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) and one of unknown origin. The 6 cases which recovered from ARF were designated as group A. The 3 cases of group B required maintenance dialysis; they included one case of MCNS, one of FGS and one of unknown origin, and showed resistance to aggressive treatments, such as steroid pulse therapy, anticoagulants and plasmapheresis. In the patients of group A, follow up studies for 10 years confirmed that their condition was not progressive. There were no significant differences between the reversed group A cases recovering from ARF and the non-reversed group B cases in terms of their clinical parameters, such as age, sex, urinary protein excretion, initial renal function, blood pressure, renal histological damage and complications. Specific factors associated with the induction of reversibility from ARF could not be identified. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise characteristics of the ARF occurring in PNS.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[A case of renovascular hypertension accompanied by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion in the contralateral kidney].

A 19-year-old female patient with renovascular hypertension accompanied by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion in the contralateral kidney is described. She was admitted to our hospital for uncontrollable hypertension which was first pointed out at check-up when she was 18 years old. On admission physical examination revealed remarkable hypertension and a bruit around the umbilical region. Laboratory findings disclosed renal dysfunction and slight proteinuria (0.8-1.1 g/day). Arteriography revealed severe narrowing of the right renal artery suggesting fibromuscular dysplasia. Taken together, renovascular hypertension was diagnosed. She underwent an operation to reconstruct the artery with autotransplantation of the ipsilateral kidney in the pelvic cavity, and sections were taken from both kidney for histological evaluation during the procedure. After the operation her blood pressure normalized and proteinuria decreased. And interestingly, the kidney specimens revealed that the left side consisted of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like lesion whereas the right was only of ischemic change. Hyperfiltration theory has recently been highlighted experimentally. And the etiology of the renal findings in this case may be based on such hemodynamic alteration as has been described in animal models. We present the case so that it may be of some help to understand how focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is brought about in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma. A review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases.

All 240 consecutive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that underwent autopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between September 1962 and August 1986 were reviewed. Among these cases, 162, for which photographs of cut surfaces of the primary tumors were available, were grossly classified using a combination of both Eggel's classification and our own into three major types, i.e., nodular, massive, and diffuse as described by Eggel (Eggel H, Beitr Pathol Anat 1901; 30:506-604), and three subgroups of nodular type, i.e., single nodular type (type 1), single nodular type with extranodular growth (type 2), and contiguous multinodular type (type 3) by our classification (Kanai T et al., Cancer 1987; 60:810-819). Seventy-eight cases were classified as nodular type, comprising seven cases of type 1, 61 cases of type 2, and ten cases of type 3. Sixty-seven and 17 cases were classified as massive and diffuse type, respectively. Of the 78 nodular-type tumors, 59 measured less than 10 cm, whereas 64 of 67 massive-type tumors were 10 cm or more in size. The incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumor spread of HCC was significantly higher for tumors measuring more than 5 cm. As to the relationship between macroscopic type and tumor spread, the frequency of spread was lowest for type 1 tumors, and high for the other types. Intrahepatic metastasis was detected in 28.6% of type 1, 93.4% of type 2, 100% of type 3, and 98.5% of massive-type tumors. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 14.3% of type 1, 24.6% of type 2, 70% of type 3, 38.8% of massive-type and 52.9% of diffuse-type tumors. Hematogenous extrahepatic metastasis was detected in 14.3% of type 1, 47.5% of type 2, 70% of type 3, 74.6% of massive-type and 82.4% of diffuse-type tumors. It appears that not only primary tumor size but also its macroscopic type has an important influence on the growth and spread of HCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Studies on hindered phenols and analogues. 2. 1,3-Benzoxathioles having SRS-A inhibiting activity.

A series of hindered phenolic 1,3-benzoxathioles (7a-l) were prepared and investigated for biological properties. Many compounds had LPO-lowering, antisuperoxide inhibiting, SRS-A inhibiting, and 5-lipoxygenase inhibiting activities. Among them, 5-hydroxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-propyl-1,3-benzoxathiole (7d) and 3-(5-hydroxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-yl)propanol (7j) were most potent in SRS-A inhibiting and 5-lipoxygenase inhibiting activities, respectively, and were selected for further development as candidate drugs for the treatment of asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical significance of PIVKA-II determination in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study with alpha-fetoprotein].

The changes in the plasma level of PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II) following the treatment or progress of the disease was studied in 60 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The positivity rate determined by the changes in PIVKA-II was 58.4 percent (35/60 cases) and was about the same as those reported so far, all of which were obtained by a single determination of PIVKA-II. Plasma PIVKA-II was elevated in 61.9 percent (13/21 cases) of alpha-fetoprotein negative patients and it was almost identical with the overall positivity rate. In parallel with serum alpha-fetoprotein, the plasma level of PIVKA-II was decreased after the surgery or transcatheter arterial embolization and was increased when the recurrence or progress of the disease was observed. Furthermore, the nonspecific elevation of PIVKA-II due to the associated liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis was infrequent compared with that of alpha-fetoprotein. In 18 cases positive with both PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein, a close correlation (R = 0.91) was observed between the changes of these markers during the progress or treatment of the disease. Thus, it was suggested that determination of PIVKA-II in blood might be useful not only in the diagnosis but in monitoring the progress or the effectiveness of treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Successful islet isolation from preserved rat pancreas following pancreatic ductal collagenase at the time of harvesting.

In an attempt to develop an improved method for preserving the pancreas prior to islet isolation, the effects of warm and cold ischemia were examined on rat pancreases, from which reproducible high yields of islets can be obtained when fresh. Both warm and cold preservation rapidly decreased islet yield. Use of Hanks' or modified Sacks' solution also led to marked decrease in islet yield. After 6 hrs of preservation, the islet yield was 1/5-1/10 of those of fresh pancreases (374 +/- 74, n = 14), and no islets were obtained after 24 hrs of preservation regardless of the preservation solution. Monitoring of ductal pressure during forced injection of Hanks' solution in 6 hrs-preserved pancreas with HBSS showed a significantly earlier and lower peak of pressure than those of fresh pancreases. On the other hand, simple hypothermic preservation after pancreatic ductal distention with collagenase Hanks' solution at the time of harvesting resulted in a significantly higher islet yield up to 6 hours (171 +/- 58, n = 14, P less than 0.01), as compared with conventional methods. The viability of the islets isolated by this method was confirmed by the ability to restore normoglycemia of STZ-induced diabetic B6 mice on transplantation of 400 islets in the renal subcapsular space. These findings indicated that loss of the integrity of the ductal system against forced collagenase injection during cold preservation led to poor distention and digestion of the pancreas, ductal collagenase injection at the time of pancreas harvesting followed by simple preservation is recommended to obtain viable islets from the preserved pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gamma-irradiation as a tool to reduce immunogenicity of islet allo- and xenografts.

Sensitivity of pancreatic endocrine cells to gamma-irradiation and alteration of islet immunogenicity by irradiation were examined. Syngeneic, allogeneic (DBA/2) and xenogeneic (rat) islets were irradiated and transplanted at varying doses (8, 24, 40, 80 and 160 Gy) into streptozotocin-induced diabetic B6AF1 mice. In an isograft model, late loss of graft function was observed in some animals given 200 24-Gy-irradiated islets. However, larger numbers (400-500) of islets given 40 Gy irradiation did not show reversal of normoglycemia. With higher doses (80 or 160 Gy) significant early as well as late graft loss was observed. In an allograft model, the irradiated islet allografts survived beyond controls. Marked prolongation was achieved with a broad range of irradiation doses between 8 Gy and 120 Gy with 30-90% of recipients maintaining normoglycemia over 50 days. Late loss of graft function was observed between 78 and 180 days with a dose over 24 Gy. Increasing dose resulted in a better allograft survival rate in the early postoperative period, but tended to curtail longterm survival. In an xenograft model, irradiation of islets with 8 to 24 Gy led to prolongation of graft survival. Maximum graft prolongation was achieved with 24 Gy. Higher doses were much less effective and, in some recipients, caused shortening of graft survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Between July 1973 and September 1988, 119 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatic resection at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo. Hepatic resection was performed not only for patients with liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice but also for patients with advanced disease. Eighty (67.2%) of the 119 patients had liver cirrhosis and four patients had obstructive jaundice. Two or more segments of the liver were resected in 56 (47.0%) patients, 29 of whom had liver cirrhosis. Eleven patients died within 30 days after surgery, an operative mortality rate of 9.2%. Seven additional patients could not be discharged from the hospital, resulting in a hospital death rate of 5.9%. Seventeen of these 18 patients had cirrhosis. Selection of patients with sufficient reserve function of the remaining liver portion, caused a great reduction of the incidence of postoperative death. The 5-year actuarial survival rate for the 101 patients who were discharged from the hospital was 39%, and 13 patients lived longer than 5 years, the longest survival period being 13 years 10 months. Hepatocellular carcinoma is amenable to hepatic resection if patients with sufficient reserve function of the liver are selected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The teratogenic effect of forskolin on cardiovascular development in the chick embryo.

The cardiovascular teratogenicity and embryotoxicity of forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, was studied in the chick embryo. The drug was topically applied to the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane in the vicinity of the embryonic heart on the 4th day of incubation (Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stage 24). Cardiovascular malformations were induced in 51% of embryos treated with forskolin doses larger than 1 x 10(-8) mol/egg. Major malformations included remnant of the left 4th aortic arch and ventricular septal defect. These results indicate that forskolin induces cardiovascular malformations in the chick embryo and suggest that increased levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate produced by forskolin may be related to the malformations observed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1989

Studies on hindered phenols and analogues. 1. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agents with ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.

A series of hindered phenols were investigated as hypolipidemic and/or hypoglycemic agents with ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. 1,3-Benzoxathioles (9 and 22), phenoxypentanoic acid (34), phenoxypentanol (35a), phenoxynonanol (35b), phenylchloropropionic acid having a chromanyl group (25), and a thiazolidine compound (27) derived from 25, all having a hindered phenol group, were prepared and examined. Compound 27 showed the expected biological properties in vivo and in vitro without any liver weight increase. Biological activities of the analogous thiazolidine compounds, 43-58, were compared. Thus, (+/-)-5-[4-[(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl)methoxy]- benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione (27) (CS-045) was found to have all of our expected properties and was selected as a candidate for further development as a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent.

Animals↗