Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Kanai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanai.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Immunological and histological analyses of transarterial immuno-embolization therapy (TIE) in operable patients with hepatocellular carcinoma].

Immunological and histological analyses were performed on 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter immunoembolization (TIE) and subsequently by hepatic resection. They were compared with the cases treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Exceptionally high plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, were noted 3 hours after TIE insults in the majority of the cases. On the contrary, exceptionally high levels of TNF-alpha were also observed in some cases of TIE treatment. In addition, light microscopically, the lytic necrosis of the tumor and massive infiltration of mononuclear cells were the histological characteristics of this treatment. Interestingly, the population of the infiltrates has altered after TIE treatment. It thus consisted mainly of neutrophils in early phase, subsequently of the mixture of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells, and finally of lymphocytes. These results may suggest that certain inflammatory responses caused by TIE may play important roles in this new therapeutic modality.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of cases with liver abscess following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) for malignant hepatic tumors].

A total of 182 TAE procedures were carried out in 98 patients with malignant hepatic tumors during the last five years. Liver abscess following TAE occurred in 3 cases (3.1%) and in 3 procedures (1.7%). All cases were discharged after successful percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage. One case had hepatocellular carcinoma. Another case had undergone total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy with Roux-Y reconstruction for gastric leiomyosarcoma. The other had undergone right hemicolectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for colon cancers and carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Communication between the abscess and the intrahepatic bile duct was recognized in 2 cases. In the abscess culture, E. coli and Citrobacter freundii were detected. These results suggest the major factor leading to abscess formation is biliary infection. Therefore, a previous bilio-enteric anastomosis should be regarded as a risk factor for liver abscess following TAE.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Hilar lobar vascular occlusion for hepatic resection.

Limited resection can be a therapeutic approach in patients with cirrhosis with very low remnant hepatic function after resection. In this study, two hilar vascular clamping methods (hilar selective clamping [n = 13] and hilar lobar clamping method [n = 8]), which were used for resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis, were compared based on cardiovascular stability during clamping, intraoperative bleeding, operative time and postoperative course. In the past, the Pringle method had been used (n = 19) and those instances were included for comparison. The mean operation time of the lobar clamping group was 209 +/- 41 minutes, which was significantly less than that of the selective clamping group (259 +/- 44 minutes, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean intraoperative blood loss of the lobar clamping group was 920 +/- 400 milliliters, which was significantly less than that of the selective clamping group (1,640 +/- 590 milliliters, p < 0.01). The postoperative total bilirubin and glutamine-oxaloacetic transaminase levels tended to be high in the Pringle group, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Although the blood pressure during clamping significantly decreased in all groups, the decrease was profound in the Pringle group as compared with those in the other two groups. Thus, as a method for controlling afferent blood flow during hepatic resection in patients with cirrhosis, we recommend the lobar clamping method as a simple, safe and effective way to minimize bleeding and maintain cardiovascular stability.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1994

Role of intracellular calcium in superoxide-induced hepatocyte injury.

The mechanisms of hepatocyte injury caused by exogenous superoxide were investigated with the use of cultured rat hepatocytes. Cell viability, cytosolic free calcium concentration and cell surface structure were observed. Superoxide was produced by adding hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase to the buffer. Cytosolic free calcium concentration was calculated by means of ratio imaging of fura 2 fluorescence with multiparameter digitized microscopy. In the buffer containing 1.27 mmol/L of calcium, lactate dehydrogenase release into the buffer began to increase at 1 hr and reached a plateau in 5 hr. Eighteen minutes after the addition of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, small blebs were recognized on the cell surface with a scanning electron microscope; then a gradual rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration was observed. Thirty minutes after exposure to superoxide, large blebs were recognized with a phase-contrast microscope, when cytosolic free calcium concentration had risen to about 700 nmol/L. Depriving the buffer of calcium (< 10 mumol/L) significantly suppressed bleb formation and cell death, and cytosolic free calcium concentration was found to remain around the basal level (200 nmol/L). When ethylene glycol-bis (beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid was added to the buffer, bleb formation and cell death were suppressed more completely, and cytosolic free calcium concentration decreased. Superoxide dismutase combined with catalase or nifedipine allowed the hepatocytes to maintain their viability and suppressed cytosolic free calcium concentration elevation. Calpeptin, a Ca(2+)-dependent neutral protease inhibitor, did not affect the rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration but prevented cell injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Carcinoembryonic antigen mediates in vitro cell aggregation induced by interferon-gamma in a human colon cancer cell line: requirement for active metabolism and intact cytoskeleton.

The homotypic cell aggregation of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positive colon cancer cell line (Colo 205) was induced in vitro by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment. Divalent cations were required for this aggregation, as it was inhibited by EDTA. The partial inhibition by cytochalasin B and the complete inhibition by a mixture of sodium azide and 2-deoxyglucose suggests that the aggregation requires the integrity of cytoskeleton and active metabolism. The expression of CEA was increased in the cytoplasm and on the membrane of Colo 205 by IFN-gamma treatment. Furthermore, this aggregation was inhibited completely by anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (mAb) and partially by mAb against intercellular adhesion molecule-1. This in vitro study suggests that CEA molecule participates in the IFN-gamma induced homotypic adhesion of some CEA positive cancer cells and that IFN-gamma has an important role in the regulation of cell-cell interaction mediated by CEA molecule.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

[Carbon beam irradiation of monolayer cells].

This study was performed to determine the biological effect of carbon beams on mammalian cells (HeLa, RMUG), in comparison with 200 KVp X-rays. Carbon beams were generated by the Riken Ring Cyclotron. An increase in the relative biological effect (RBE) was observed in both cell lines as the LET of the carbon beam increased between 20 and 80 keV/microns. The RBE depended on the size of the irradiation dose at the higher LET region, and increasing the dose from 0.8 Gy to 3.2 Gy decreased the RBE from 2.9 to 2.7. The survival curves of cells irradiated with 20 keV/microns carbon beams showed an initial shoulder. When RMUG was irradiated at 4 Gy with 200 KVp X-rays, the recovery rate between two split doses (6 hour interval) was 1.7. RMUG irradiated with 20 keV/microns carbon beams (4 Gy) showed a recovery rate of 1.4. Recovery between split dose irradiation was observed with both X-ray and carbon beam irradiation; however, the recovery rate was lower with carbon beams. Cells irradiated with LET higher than 40 keV/microns did not show recovery between split doses.

Carbon↗
PubMed1993

Serum interleukin-6 levels as an indicator of acute rejection after liver transplantation in cynomologous monkeys.

This study was designed to evaluate whether the sequential monitoring of serum interleukin-6 levels (SIL-6) could be helpful for diagnosing the occurrence of hepatic allograft rejection. An SIL-6 post-transplant study was conducted on nine cynomolgus monkeys which had undergone orthotopic hepatic allotransplantation, six of which were treated with FK-506 (a new immunosuppressant agent isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis) and three of which were not. All the nontreated animals showed biochemical abnormalities from days 5-6, characterized by a marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and they eventually died on days 8, 12, and 63 (group I). Acute cellular rejection was confirmed by histological study of the hepatic grafts taken at autopsy or biopsy. On the other hand, four of the treated animals (group IIa) survived more than 30 days. Biochemical examination of this group showed no abnormal signs apart from a slight elevation of alkaline phosphatase (< 2000 IU/l). Histological examination carried out around 30 days after transplantation revealed a transient infiltration of polynuclear cells into Glisson's area, with the portal vein and bile duct remaining intact. The remaining two animals (group IIb) died of dehydration and arterial thrombosis on days 5 and 7, respectively. A kinetic study of SIL-6 conducted during the first 2 weeks showed quite different patterns among the three groups. All recipients in group I demonstrated two peaks following grafting on days 1 and 3 or 4, the second peak of above 2.0 U/ml preceding biochemical abnormalities by 2 to 3 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Ultrastructural observation of epithelioid sarcoma.

Epithelioid sarcoma located in the right hip-to-thigh region of a 58-year-old female was studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed both light and dark cells among the tumor cells. Round, homogeneous, eosinophilic bodies were noted extracellularly and intracellularly. Extracellular bodies were similar in size to tumor cells and were not stained by PAS or Congo red. In contrast, intercellular bodies were PAS positive and diastase resistant. Tumor cells were positive for vimentin, keratin, and, partially, for epithelial membrane antigen. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells had numerous microfilaments with tonofibril-like arrangement, lipid droplets, and reticulogranular structure in their cytoplasm. The reticulogranular structure was similar to the tonofilaments recognized in degenerative tumor cells. Oval filamentous bodies were recognized in the stroma. They appeared to be very similar to colloid bodies derived from tonofilaments of keratinocytes. It was considered that the filamentous bodies corresponded to extracellular eosinophilic bodies and showed signs of fibrous necrosis of tumor cells. Intracellular eosinophilic bodies were considered to be lipid droplets.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma augment anticolon antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity in ulcerative colitis.

In vitro effects of cytokines and therapeutic drugs on antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by anticolon antibody were investigated in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis. A 51Cr release assay was used to examine ADCC activity with the colon cancer cell line, colo 205, as the target and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as the effector. High ADCC activity was shown in 13 of 32 (41%) patients with ulcerative colitis. This ADCC activity was inhibited by protein A treatment of the serum samples. Interleukin 2 (IL2) activated effector cells could enhance ADCC activity, but interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) had no effect on the cytotoxic activity of effector cells. Treatment of target cells with IFN-gamma increased the vulnerability of these cells to ADCC with a large increase of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on their surface. Monoclonal antibodies to ICAM-1 inhibited this IFN-gamma enhanced ADCC activity. Interestingly, prednisolone (PSL) reduced ADCC activity, but sulphasalazine (SASP) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) did not. These results suggest that IL2 and IFN-gamma could enhance colonic epithelial cell injury mediated by the ADCC mechanism in ulcerative colitis and that ADCC enhanced by cytokines is restored by PSL treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical views of cases with discontinuity of the ossicular chain].

It is well known that reconstruction for discontinuity of the ossicular chain, without inflammatory disease, has a good prognosis. Eleven cases of congenital ossicular chain malformation without ossicular fixation and 6 cases of ossicular chain injury due to the head trauma or an earpick , were treated surgically. The method of reconstruction and the prognoses, according to short-term and long-term follow up, were studied in these 17 cases. The following results were obtained: 1) In almost all cases, the pure tone audiograms were flat or slightly rising types, and the mean air conductive hearing loss was about 60 dB. Only 2 cases showed the falling type with conductive hearing loss. Connective tissue was observed at the incudo-stapedial joint intraoperatively in these two cases. 2) Mean hearing improvement was in 31.8 dB in the low frequency region (125, 250, 500 Hz), 22.7 dB in the middle frequency region (500, 1000, 2000 Hz), and 12.9 dB in the high frequency region (2000, 4000, 8000 Hz), within 3 weeks after operation, in all 17 cases. 3) No clear changes in hearing level were seen postoperatively, for the four periods evaluated; 1-3 weeks, 1-3 months, 4-6 months and over 7 months in all cases. 4) The cases in whom the reconstruction was performed between the incus and stapes, especially the foot plate of the stapes, showed poor hearing recovery. 5) There was no relation between hearing recovery and the prostheses used in reconstructions. However, it was thought that pieces of the patient's own cartilage or bone should be used whenever possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[An appraisal of intraoperative radiotherapy for pancreas cancer].

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) which was originally used for unresectable cancer has been applied to the cases after pancreas resection. However, it has not been clarified which stages of patients will have the beneficial effect of IORT on their prognosis. In this study, IORT after pancreas resection was appraised on the basis of the patient prognosis. Seventy-two pancreatectomized patients including 6 cases of Stage I, 18 cases of Stage II, 25 cases of Stage III and 23 cases of Stage IV, which was determined by the general rules for cancer of the pancreas in Japan Pancreas Society were employed in this study. Four cases of Stage III and 15 cases of Stage IV were treated with IORT (25-30 Gy) after pancreatectomy. Ten of these patients underwent postoperative external beam radiotherapy (22-48 Gy). All but one case of Stage I were currently alive. The median survival time (MST) of Stage II were 908 days and 2 cases were alive over 5 year after operation. MST of Stage III without IORT was 310 pod and all died within 906 pod. In contrast, all four Stage III patients were currently alive without a sign of recurrence (3, 10, 15, 57 pom). All Stage IV cases without IORT died within 462 pod, while three cases with IORT were alive over this period. These data suggest IORT improves the prognosis of Stage III patients when combined with radical resection of the pancreas. But it is not the case with the more advanced cases, where systemic anticancer adjuvant therapy might be indicated.

Adult↗