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Biomedical subjects

T Kambara

Publications and source records attributed to T Kambara.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Inflammatory activities of synovial fluids from rheumatoid- and osteo-arthritis to guinea pig skin.

For initial study to examine the chemical pathogenesis of rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid arthritis, the nature and inflammatory activities of 12 synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis and 10 from osteoarthritis were studied. Both rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial fluids were found to have high protein concentration, acid and neutral protease activities. When injected 0.1 ml intradermally to normal guinea pig skin, both synovial fluids induced a strong vascular permeability at 0 minutes, mild one at 60 minutes, and mild inflammation which comprised histologically moderate leukocyte infiltration around the venules, swelling of venular endothelial cells, edema, and degeneration of collagen fibrils in the deep dermis of the guinea pig skin 4 hours following the injection. However, these parameters of inflammation induced by synovial fluids from both arthritis were of same degree in intensity. The identification of chemical mediators of inflammation in the synovial fluids of both arthritis requires further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The chemical mediation of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions: III. Purification and characterization of a precursor protein for macrophage-chemotactic factor in normal guinea pig plasma.

A putative precursor protein for macrophage-chemotactic factor, which was extracted fro inflammatory skin sites (MCFS-1) (Kambara et al, Am J Pathol 1977, 87:359-374), was found in normal guinea pig plasma and was purified to an apparent homogeneity upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 160,000. This plasma protein was different from complement components of C3 and C5 in terms of molecular weight, functional activity as complements detected by hemolytic assay, and immunologic properties. Although it exhibited the common antigenicity with MCFS-1, it did not show any chemotactic activity for macrophages, However, incubation of this plasma protein at either 4 C for 5 days or 37 C for 1-2 days could generate a chemotactic factor with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 which was similar to that of MCFS-1. This generation of chemotactic activity was completely prevented by the presence of the serine-type protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. These data could be well accounted for if we assume that this plasma protein might be a precursor for the macrophage-chemotactic factor found in delayed hypersensitivity skin sites, and that a proteolytic process might be involved in the activation of this precursor.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. An autopsy case with impaired cellular immunity.

An autopsy case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a 5-year-old boy, with rapid progression to a comatose state in 2 weeks after the onset of right hemiplegia, is described. The levels of antibody to measles virus in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid were increased, and high levels of IgG in the latter were found. A characteristic pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) showing periodic suppression of high voltage complexes was also found during the course of the disease. Microscopical examination revealed perivascular cuffing, numerous hypertrophied astrocytes with a diffuse gliosis and sporadic intranuclear inclusions in the brain. In addition to these typical findings of SSPE, impaired cellular immunity was recognized by delayed skin test in vivo, and pathologically severe atrophy of thymus, and follicular atrophy of spleen with amyloid deposition in the wall of the sheathed arteries were found.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions: suppressive effects of anti-polymorphonuclear leukocyte serum.

Rabbit antisera (APS) against normal guinea pig peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), when injected intraperitoneally three times within 24 h into guinea pigs, lead to a marked fall in the blood PMN count (below 100/mm3) 24-72 h after the injection and a mild depression in the number of circulating mononuclear leukocytes (MNC) at 36-72 h. APS treatment of guinea pigs led to a marked suppression of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in response to dinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin. The volume, induration, mean diameter of the reaction and leukocyte (both PMN and MNC) emigration into local sites were suppressed, as was, to a lesser extent, vascular permeability. Based on these observations it appears that circulating PMN are required for the full expression of delayed hypersensitivity reaction engendered by bovine gamma-globulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver after thorotrast injection.

An autopsy case of hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver which occurred 33 years after the injection of thorotrast was reported. A fifty-nine years old male with complaint of abdominal swelling and progressive jaundice died of hepatic failure and hemorrhage from gastric ulcer after 10 days of medical treatment in the Kumamoto University Hospital. Autopsy revealed hemangioendothelial sarcoma and multiple capillary hemangiomas in the liver. Histologically, a yellowish brown crystalline substance was intensively accumulated in the connective tissue in and adjacent to the thickened capsule of the liver, the lymph nodes of hepatic hilus, the spleen, the bone and the bone marrow. The material was certified as thorotrast with the Th-232 activity measurement and the autoradiographical examination. The absorbed dose of irradiation of the local liver tissue was calculated to be approximately 2,597 rads in 33 years. The relation among capillary hemangioma, hemangioendothelial sarcoma, and thorotrast was discussed.

Emulsions↗
PubMed1980

Purification of guinea-pig plasma prekallikrein. Activation by prekallikrein activator derived from guinea-pig skin.

Prekallikrein was purified from guinea-pig plasma. The prekallikrein appeared homogeneous as a single-chain protein on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and beta-mercaptoethanol. The apparent molecular weight was 82 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 99 000 by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-150 column and 84 500 (protein part) by amino acid analysis. The isoelectric point was approx. 9.0. The purification method yielded 3.8 mg (A280 3.800) of prekallikrein from 500 ml of plasma. Kallikrein was generated from the prekallikrein by limited proteolytic action of a prekallikrein activator which was derived from guinea-pig skin. From analysis using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the kallikrein has two fragments with apparent molecular weights of 52 000 and 40 000 which are linked by disulfide bond(s). The 40 000 molecular weight fragment was shown to incorporate [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. The kallikrein hydrolyzed the synthetic substrates containing the Phe-Arg sequence at the COOH-terminal, and it cleaved carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide more readily than Pro-Phe-Arg-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. The Km for the kallikrein with carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Arg-methylcoumaryl amide was 2 times 104 M. Also, the kallikrein showed negligible activities on peptide-methylcoumaryl amide-substrate for alpha-thrombin, Factor Xa or plasmin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis. Determination of antimony in metallic tin.

Redox substoichiometry in neutron activation analysis has been applied to the determination of antimony content in metallic tin of chemical grade. The substoichiometric separation is based on the extraction of unreacted antimony(III) with an excess of N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) after the substoichiometric oxidation of antimony(III) with potassium bromate, such as arsenic(III), could be prevented by the addition of large amounts of antimony(III) carrier before substoichiometric oxidation. Only about one hour is required for the antimony analysis of metallic tin, excluding the irradiation period of sample. The antimony content of 1.22 +/- 0.14 microgram tin (10 mg) was determined without separation of the matrix element.

Antimony↗
PubMed1980

A proteaselike permeability factor in guinea pig skin: contact activation of the latent permeability factor and its nature as a prekallikrein activator.

A proteaselike permeability factor in guinea pig skin, which was fractionated in a latent form into pseudoglobulin fractions, was activated by contact with kaolin particles at neutral pH. This contact activation was not prevented by the presence of 1 M KCl but was strongly inhibited by the simultaneous presence of hexadimethrine bromide. In this activation, the latent permeability factor was first bound to kaolin; later an active form permeability factor was released from the kaolin-bound parent molecule. Prekallikrein activator activity was also generated in this supernatant from the pretreated kaolin particle in the same time course as the permeability factor generation. Moreover, since the prekallikrein activator and permeability factor were always observed at the same fractions in every purification step, with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing, these two molecules were recognized as identical. These results indicate that the latent permeability factor in the guinea pig skin has properties similar to those of the plasma Hageman factor.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Different effects of concanavalin A and its succinylated derivative on superoxide release in peritoneal macrophages.

The effects of tetravalent conconavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the intracellular production of superoxide anion (O-2) and its release into cell exterior of peritoneal macrophages were observed. Both tetravalent concanavalin A and its succinylated derivative induced marked enhancement of intracellular reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, which could be inhibited by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. The extent of activation of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction induced by both types of the lectin paralleled the activation ratio of oxygen consumption. There was little difference in the extent of intracellular O-2 production induced by two types of the lectin. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was not affected significantly by pretreatment with colchicine, rotenone or malonate, inhibitors of the cytoskeletal system and of the electron transport system. In contrast, tetravalent concanavalin A induced a higher rate of superoxide release than did succinylated divalent concanavalin A, which lacks the cross-linking activity of surface glycoproteins. These results indicate that superoxide production following oxygen consumption and superoxide release into cell exterior are controlled independently by a separate membrane mechanism and that superoxide production system is not essentially dependent on the involvement of the cytoskeletal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A protease-like permeability factor in the guinea pig skin. 2. In vitro activation of the latent form permeability factor by weakly acidic phosphate buffer.

Conditions for the in vitro activation of the latent form of a protease-like permeability factor in the pseudoglobulin fraction from guinea pig skin were examined. (1) The factor was activated by dialysis against 67 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5.8--6.4, not at pH 7.0--8.0. (2) High salt concentration (200 mM or greater phosphate buffer or 67 mM phosphate buffer containing 200 mM or greater KCl or NaCl) prevented the activation at pH 6.2. (3) High osmotic pressure (sucrose at 1 M) did not affect activation at pH 6.2. (4) Reconversion of the activated permeability factor into an inactive form was not observed under high salt conditions, under which the latent permeability factor was stable in its own form. (5) The molecular size of the latent permeability factor was estimated as approx. 80 000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration at high salt concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A protease-like permeability factor in the guinea pig skin. 1. Partial purification and characterization.

A permeability factor was extracted in a latent form from guinea pig skin and separated by ammonium sulfate fractionation into the pseudoglobulin fraction (30--50% saturation). The activation of the latent form of the permeability factor seemed to be caused in the desalting step by gel filtration with Sephadex G-50. The factor was partially purified by streptomycin treatment and column chromatography using hydroxyapatite, diethylaminoethyl cellulose and Sephadex G-75, in this order. Gel filtration showed that its molecular weight was approx. 35000. Its permeability activity was heat stable at 61 degrees C for 60 min at neutral pH, resistant at pH 5--10 and at ionic strengths from deionized water to 1 M NaCl at 4 degrees C. Its activity was transient and suppressed by guinea pig serum, but insensitive to an anti-histamic agent (triprolidine). Furthermore, its permeability activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor and leupeptin, and completely adsorbed by soybean trypsin inhibitor affinity column. These findings suggested that the permeability factor was a serine-type protease.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Neutral proteases in the guinea-pig lymphocytes.

Partial purification of neutral proteolytic enzymes in guinea-pig lymphocytes yielded 2 enzymes. Both enzymes were heat-labile and inhibited by thiol reagents. The molecular weights were more than 200,000 and 150,000-200,000, and optimal pH around 9 and 8, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of concanavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the oxidative metabolism of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages.

The effect of concanavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the metabolic regulation of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages was observed. The binding of tetravalent concanavalin A to the surface glycoproteins of macrophages caused a marked increase in the rate of oxygen consumption due to the activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Divalent succinylated concanavalin A, also induced a similar change in the rate of oxygen metabolism. The metabolic change induced by these two types of lectin was reversibly inhibited by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, a haptenic inhibitor of these lectins, and was temperature dependent (observed at above 15 degrees C). It is suggested that the binding of these lectins to the surface glycoproteins, and not their cross-linking into caps, is required for the activation of oxygen metabolism of macrophages, and that highly fluid state of the plasma membrane seems to be an essential requirement for the transduction of glycoprotein perturbation on the macrophage surface into cellular interior via transmembrane control mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A family of Gardner's syndrome with report of an autopsy case.

A family with Gardner's syndrome including one autopsy case is reported. A 22 year-old man had multiple polyposis of the colon and the small intestine, epidermal cysts, soft part tumor of the abdominal skin and osteomas in the calvarium and rib, and died of a carcinoma in the transverse colon and embolism of the brain. Histologically, all polyps were diagnosed as adenomatous polyp. The greater their diameter, the higher the tendency of atypism was observed. However, the polyps around the cancer were few, small, and with low atypism, and we could not obtain evidence showing direct transformation of adenomatous polyps into carcinoma. His two elder brothers had multiple polyposis of the colon, epidermal cysts and osteomas in the calvarium or mandibular bone, but are still alive.

Adult↗