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Biomedical subjects

T Kakegawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Kakegawa.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of radiotherapy combined with surgery for esophageal carcinoma].

The role of adjuvant radiotherapy combined with surgery for esophageal carcinoma was discussed. To improve the surgical results, pre- and/or postoperative irradiation (total doses was 5000 rads) were performed. The patients with esophageal carcinoma were divided into two groups by random selection. Eight patients of group A underwent pre- and postoperative radiotherapy and 11 patients of group B underwent postoperative radiotherapy alone. Dose of preoperative irradiation was 3000 rads in each patients of group A. Adjuvant chemotherapy of FT-207 (600mg/day) was also administered in all of these patients for long postoperative duration over 3 months. The incidence rate of the most neighbouring regional lymph nodes metastasis in group A showed high values as compared to that in group B. But the metastatic rate of other regional lymph nodes showed no significant difference between group A and group B. In comparison of prognosis between group A and group B, the patients of group A were survived well compared with the patients of group B, and postoperative distant metastasis was recognized frequently in the patients of group B. From these results, the treatment results were better in the group of pre- and postoperative irradiation than in the group of postoperative irradiation.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Modification by hypothalamic lesions of the release of growth hormone (GH) following stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in the rat.

This study was designed to clarify the localization(s) of hypothalamic area(s) concerned with the regulation of growth hormone (GH) release evoked by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH) of rats. Bipolar concentric stimulating electrodes were implanted in the bilateral VMH or dorsal premammillary nucleus and the jugular vein was cannulated for blood sampling one week prior to the experiments. At the same time lesions of the anterior periventricular nucleus or dorsal premammillary nucleus were performed with an anodal current. The rats were pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine to prevent spontaneous GH bursts. As previously reported, stimulation of the VMH for 10 min appeared to suppress GH release during the period of stimulation but within 10 min after termination of stimulation plasma GH had risen from a resting level of 19.3 +/- 2.3 ng/ml plasma, to 275.3 +/- 62.3 ng/ml. The apparent suppression of GH release during the VMH stimulation was abolished in the anterior periventricular nucleus-lesioned rats. In these rats, GH release occurred during the VMH stimulation and plasma GH increased to 905.4 ng/ml by 10 min, at which time the stimulus was terminated. On the other hand, the VMH stimulation completely failed to raise plasma GH levels in rats with dorsal premammillary nucleus lesions either during or after VMH stimulation. Although lesions of the dorsal premammillary nucleus blocked the delayed VMH-induced rise, stimulation of the dorsal premammillary nucleus itself caused no change in the plasma GH level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Experimental production of portal hypertension in dogs by a whole liver compression.

In spite of many attempts to produce an experimental model for studying the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of portal hypertension and esophageal varices, satisfactory results have not been reported. Since most attempts involved multiple operations or complicated surgical maneuvers to achieve portal hypertension, experimental animals could not survive easily. This new procedure requires only a simple operation, so experimental animal survival is high. The portal venous pressure can be raised immediately by increasing intrahepatic vascular resistance. This is done by wrapping and compressing the whole liver with polypropylene mesh, which also prevents the development of hepatopetal collaterals. The experimental production of portal hypertension in fifteen dogs resulted in only one death. The remaining fourteen dogs were in good condition for nine weeks after the operation and were maintaining elevated ranges of portal pressure with an average of 326 mmH2O. Varying degrees of esophageal venous dilatation were evident. Based on the results, this newly developed method seems to be useful for studying the pathophysiology of the portal hypertension and esophageal varices.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Localization of alpha 2-adrenergic agonist sensitive area in the hypothalamus for growth hormone release in the rat.

To determine the localization of the clonidine sensitive area responsible for GH release, a minute amount of the alpha 2-agonist (67 ng/0.2 microliter) was injected into the hypothalamus and vicinity of adult male conscious rats. The animals were chronically implanted with double metal cannulae fixed on the skull for clonidine microinjection and with silastic tubing into the right atria for collecting blood samples. Ten hr prior to the microinjection, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally injected to prevent spontaneous pulsatile GH release. Localization of the microinjection was assessed by histological examination after the experiment. Clonidine microinjection into the amygdala nucleus had no effect on GH release, while the injection into the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area (PO/AH) significantly stimulated GH release by causing it to begin 30 min earlier. However, the paraventricular nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus, the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus areas did not respond to the injection, although the latter nucleus has been shown to be a specific locus sensitive to electrical stimulation of release. In the area from the posterior hypothalamus to the mammillary body, several injections stimulated GH release (6/15), but the stimulatory effect was statistically insignificant when comparison was made with the mean (+/- SE) for all 15 rats. These findings suggest that the alpha 2-agonist acts on the PO/AH to induce an increase in GH release in alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine-pretreated rats, probably mediating the inhibitory input to somatostatinergic neurons which reside in the periventricular nucleus of the PO/AH area.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

Stabilization of 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis W168 by spermidine and magnesium ions.

An explanation for the fragility of 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis has been studied. Degradation of 16 S ribosomal RNA, rather than degradation of ribosomal proteins, was found to cause the inactivation of 30 S subunits. Although RNAases were bound specifically to 30 S ribosomal subunits, the RNAases were able to function. Spermidine was found to contribute to the stabilization of 30 S ribosomal subunits by inhibiting the degradation of 16 S ribosomal RNA. A high concentration of Mg2+ also stabilized the 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis. The polypeptide synthetic activity of 30 S ribosomal subunits prepared in the presence of spermidine was at least 4-times greater than that of 30 S ribosomal subunits prepared in the absence of spermidine; this activity was maintained without any loss for 3 months at -70 degrees C.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1982

Ga-67 scan in patients with intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma planned for surgery.

The authors evaluated Ga-67 scan in 68 patients with intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma initially planned for surgery. Of these, 59 patients were staged pathologically or surgically; their Ga-67 scan results correctly predicted the presence of extraesophageal spread and lymph node metastases. Of 38 clinical Stage II patients, 15 (39%) could be Stage III by the results of Ga-67 scan. However, two of four clinical Stage I patients (50%) and 35 of 38 clinical Stage II patients (92%) were eventually pathologic or surgical Stage III. This high conversion rate and the high incidence of Stage III in esophageal carcinoma patients may not justify routine use of Ga-67 scan only for staging. Ga-67 scan, however, was useful for planning radiotherapy, because missing extraesophageal extension or gross metastases from the radiation fields were detected in six patients of 51 so treated. Ga-67 scan has its value in some patients with intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

[Phase II study on peplomycin for esophageal cancer].

For the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of peplomycin, one of the derivatives of bleomycin, against carcinoma of the esophagus and the safety of it, the analysis of the data for total 113 cases collected from 25 institutions in Japan was made. The results are as follows. It was effective in 19 out of 74 evaluable cases of carcinoma of the esophagus (25.7%). In case of treatment with peplomycin alone, it was effective in 6 out of 39 cases (15.4%). In case of the combination treatment with peplomycin and some other therapy, it was effective in 13 out of 35 cases (37.1%). As for the side effects, the incidence of fever was the highest in both the cases of peplomycin alone and the combination treatment such as 39.6% and 37.0%, respectively. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, respiratory symptoms and tiredness were found in relatively many cases. In the clinical laboratory tests, the vital capacity after the treatment tended to be lower than that before the treatment, but there was little change in the hematological tests, pulmonary function test and renal function test.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of administration of an antineoplastic agent into the bronchial artery].

Morphological observation was performed to see the effect of bronchial arterial infusion therapy (BAI) of mitomycin C (MMC) and also of the ischemia to the transplanted bronchial carcinoma. Single shot of 2mg/kg of MMC showed destructive changes on the tumor. Single shot of 3mg/kg and repeated administration of MMC brought relatively severe intra-arterial inflammatory changes such as intimal edema, thickening and proliferation which suggested ischemic effect on the tumor due to poor perfusion from stenosis or obstruction of the vessels. On the other hand a simple ligation of the artery also brought about more than moderate destructive changes in the tumor. Therefore, mechanisms of the effect of the BAI of MMC to the lung tumor might involve the secondary effect from ischemia in addition to the effect of MMC itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Relationship between methylation of adenine near the 3' end of 16-S ribosomal RNA and the activity of 30-S ribosomal subunits.

The relationship between methylation of adenine near the 3' end of 16-S ribosomal RNA and the activity of 30-S ribosomal subunits has been studied using 30-S subunits from kasugamycin-sensitive and kasugamycin-resistant bacteria. Analysis of the proteins of 30-S subunits by gel electrophoresis showed that the content of protein S1 in 30-S subunits from a kasugamycin-resistant strain was smaller than that in 30-S subunits from the parent strain. Although polyphenylalanine-synthetic activity of 30-S subunits from a kasugamycin-resistant strain previously methylated by a methylase purified from Escherichia Q13 was nearly equal to that of untreated 30-S subunits, both phenylalanine-synthetic activity and the content of protein S1 in the 30-S particles reconstituted from 23-S core particles and split proteins from the kasugamycin-resistant strain increased by prior methylation of 23-S core particles by the methylase. These results suggest that methylation of adenine near the 3' end of 16-S rRNA induces an increase of polypeptide-synthetic activity by the acceleration of binding of protein S1 to S1-depleted 30-S subunits.

Adenine↗
PubMed1981

Decrease in the S1 protein of 30-S ribosomal subunits in polyamine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli grown in the absence of polyamines.

The reason for the decrease of polypeptide-synthetic activity of 30-S ribosomal subunits obtained from two polyamine-requiring mutants of Escherichia coli, grown in the absence of polyamines, has been studied by analyzing the total and split proteins of 30-S subunits by disc gel and slab gel electrophoresis. It was concluded that the decrease of S1 protein in 30-S subunits was responsible for the decrease of polypeptide synthesis in polyamine-requiring mutants of E. coli grown in the absence of polyamines.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗