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Biomedical subjects

T K Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to T K Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute spinal cord compression in Scheuermann's disease.

Acute myelopathy is a rare complication of Scheuermann's disease. Three patients are reported where spinal cord compression occurred at the apex of a kyphos. All were male, aged 14, 18 and 20 years, and each had a profound neurological defect associated with a short, sharp kyphos in the low thoracic region. Each patient underwent anterior decompression and all made an almost full recovery. It is deduced that factors which may influence the onset of cord compression include the angle of kyphosis, the number of segments involved, the rate of change of the angle, local anatomical variations, trauma, and possible secondary impairment of the vasculature of the cord.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Odontoid fractures. A rational approach to treatment.

Twenty-three adults with fractures of the odontoid process are reviewed. Te possible reasons for the high rate of non-union in reported series are considered: these include the type of fracture, its displacement, the presence of a gap at the fracture site, imperfect reduction and inadequate immobilisation. Type 2 fractures (at the base of the odontoid process) are the commonest and also the most liable to nonunion. In their treatment, reduction is important; as seen in the lateral radiograph at least two-thirds of the fracture surfaces should be in contact. Skull traction is not advised and halo-cast fixation is the treatment of choice; with this method 87.5 per cent of recent odontoid fractures united.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Distraction fractures of the lumbar spine.

Distraction fractures of the upper lumbar spine are most often associated with the wearing of seat-belts. Twenty patients with this spinal fracture were reviewed and half of them had intra-abdominal injuries. Eight patients required an exploratory laparotomy. Three distinct patterns of distraction fractures have been identified. Open reduction, local spinal fusion and Harrington instrumentation are recommended for unstable fractures and for those with neurological involvement. Four cases of non-union are included ln the series. Legislation for the compulsory wearing of seat-belts should encompass improvements in design and stricter criteria for installation.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1981

Management of lumbar nerve-root pain by intrathecal and epidural injections of depot methylprednisolone acetate.

Sciatica is one of the most incapacitating and difficult to treat of all benign pains. This is a report of the results of using epidural and intrathecal corticosteroids in depot form, methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol), in 108 patients who presented with a clinical diagnosis of acute lumbar disc prolapse and nerve-root pain. There was a 75% response rate in patients with less than four weeks of symptoms, whereas in patients with more than six weeks of symptoms the rate dropped to 43%. Patients with a high level of protein in their cerebrospinal fluid appeared to have a higher response rate. The treatment is most likely to be effective when the patient is male, the duration of symptoms is less than four weeks, and the patient has irritant rather than compressive neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The contribution of the intervertebral disk to the scoliotic deformity.

We have put forward a number of questions about the role of the intervertebral disk in idiopathic scoliosis which are based on experimental evidence and current connective tissue research. It is regrettable that the last two decades have not seen a single major advance in the treatment of scoliosis based on a scientific understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of curve progression. The efficacy of early detection and surgical techniques cannot be denied but orthopedic surgery is not relieved of the responsibility of pursuing the causation and pathogenesis of scoliotic curvature. Spinal fusion for scoliosis cuts across the fundamental principle of orthopedic surgery--the preservation of musculoskeletal function--a maximum which Trueta enunciated so strongly through his surgical lifetime. Clearly, a sacrifice of spinal mobility is not a final acceptable solution to the malady.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of mycobacteria inducing cross-reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease.

Eight bulls which gave positive reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease were identified in a group of 29 bulls which had previously given only negative reactions at repeated annual tests. One reacting bull was confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis at autopsy, but another reactor which was slaughtered had no visible lesions and mycobacteria were not recovered in culture. Faecal samples from seven further bulls (six reactors and one non-reactor) yielded mycobacteria which were not dependent on mycobactin for growth. When one of these strains was injected into two calves they developed positive reactions in the complement fixation test for Johne's disease and to intradermal skin testing with purified protein derivatives of M avium, M paratuberculosis and M bovis. The strains did not satisfy the exact requirements for classification into any recognised mycobacterial species.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A radioassay for proteolytic cleavage of isolated cartilage proteoglycan. 2. Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G by anti-inflammatory drugs.

20 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other agents were evaluated for their effectiveness in directly inhibiting the proteolytic activity of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. The proteolysis of hide powder azure by leukocyte granule extracts was used for initial testing, and selected drugs were then studied further using a radioassay of the proteolysis of isolated proteoglycan by purified leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. The results indicated that at drug concentrations likely to be attained to vivo, phenylbutazone may significantly inhibit elastase, while gold thiomalate and mucopolysaccharide polysulfonic acid ester (MPSE; Arteparon) could limit the action of cathepsin G. Oleic acid may provide a useful starting point for development of agents specifically designed to inhibit cartilage erosion.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1979

Neutral protease inhibitors from human intervertebral disc and femoral head articular cartilage.

Assays of several proteases, incorporating guanidinium chloride extracts of human femoral head cartilage and intervertebral disc, demonstrated that both tissues contain inhibitors of certain serine proteases. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and a granule extract of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes containing elastase and cathepsin G activities, were inhibited by low molecular weight fractions prepared by Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Using a radioassay, it was further shown that these fractions inhibit proteolysis of cartilage proteoglycan. The inhibitor in intervertebral disc is concentrated in the nucleus pulposus, with a decreasing gradient to the periphery of the annulus fibrosus. It is proposed that these inhibitors confer at least partial protection against pathological proteolysis of the proteoglycans in human articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis.

Recent investigations on protease inhibitors in articular cartilage have provided new insights into the possible initial lesions of osteoarthrosis. A hypothesis has been formulated based upon an impaired ability of chondrocytes to synthesize protease inhibitors, which leads to loss of matrix integrity and vascular invasion from subchondral bone and the joint margins.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1979

Pheochromocytoma and fibromuscular hyperplasia.

We have described a case which documents two possible surgical correctable causes for hypertension in a 55-year-old white man. Preoperative renal arteriograms and renal vein renin determinations suggested the possibility of renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular hyperplasia. At operation, a pheochromocytoma was found in the left suprarenal area. The presence of two unusual causes for hypertension in a single patient suggests that more than one remediable cause of hypertension should at least be considered in a given hypertensive patient.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

A simplified surgical approach for lumbar disc excision.

A simple approach to the distal lumbar spine for disc excision is described and the relevant surgical anatomy reviewed. The approach is considered to have many advantages over formal laminectomy for the same purpose in the majority of cases. The indications and contraindications for its use are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Membranous nephropathy with epithelial crescents in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Renal failure in patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary sarcoidosis has been attributed to interstitial disease. Reports of cases of primary glomerular abnormality with renal failure in patients with sarcoidosis are rare. We describe a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis and renal failure due to membranous nephropathy with epithelial crescents. A review of primary glomerular involvement in patients with sarcoidosis and the association of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of the two diseases is discussed.

Basement Membrane↗