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Biomedical subjects

T K Mishra

Publications and source records attributed to T K Mishra.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effects of exogenous vitamin E supplementation on the levels of oxidants and antioxidants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Oxidative stress has been recognized as a central feature of smoke induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant enzymes is also an established fact in these patients. But studies in regard to stable COPD patients and effect of vitamin E supplementation are lacking. Thirty patients with COPD were included in the study. Their baseline clinical examination, spirometry, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), alpha-tocopherol and red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were mea sured. Twenty healthy non-smokers who were matched for age and sex served as controls. All the above parameters were repeated after 12 weeks of supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin E daily. The mean malondialdehyde levels in the patients at baseline were higher than controls (5.91 +/- 1.23 nmol/ml vs 4.55 +/- 1.51 nmol/ml, P = 0 001), so also was plasma alpha-tocopherol levels (P < 0 001), while SOD levels were lower in the patients compared to controls (1692 +/- 259 units g/Hb vs 2451 +/- 131 units g/Hb, P < 0 001). Exogenous vitamin E (400 IU per day) supplementation did not bring about any significant change in plasma alpha-tocopherol and SOD levels. The Pearson s co-efficient of correlation between the levels of MDA, vitamin E, SOD; and spirometric measurements were not significant either on day 1 or after 12 weeks of vitamin E supplementation. The present study shows that initially the plasma lipid peroxide (MDA) levels are high and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and SOD) are low in patients with COPD. Exogenous supplementation with vitamin E does not have any significant effect on the spirometric measurements though it brings down the levels of MDA showing attenuation of further damage. However, inclusion of larger number of patients and supple mentation with vitamin E for longer periods may throw more light on free radical injury and protective effects of antioxidants.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Physical growth and biochemical indicators of protein adequacy in exclusively breastfed neonates weighing less than 1500 g.

The objective of our study was to evaluate biochemical indicators of protein adequacy and the growth pattern in very low birthweight infants, weighing less than 1500 g, who were exclusively breastfed by their mother in the first 4 months of infancy in a tertiary level referral neonatal unit. The study design was descriptive. The study population comprised neonates admitted to the referral neonatal unit by 48 h of age, weighing less than 1500 g, whose mothers were willing to breastfeed and in whom enteral feeds could be given by day 6 of life. Detailed history, clinical evaluation and anthropometry were recorded and blood samples drawn for serum total proteins, serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). All infants were given feeds as per the Unit policy. Infants were discharged when they were exclusively suckling and showed a positive trend in weight gain. Follow-up longitudinally for 4 months included clinical evaluation, growth velocity, biochemical indicators of protein adequacy, and occurrence of any morbidity. Growth parameters were compared with available postnatal growth standards. The mean velocity of weight gain for all neonates for the first 4 months was 19.78 g/day or 14.78 g/kg/day. The mean velocity of gain after regaining birthweight was 23.2 g/day. Mean velocity of gain in length and head circumference was 0.84 cm/week and 0.71 cm/week, respectively. Serum total proteins, albumin and BUN were within the normal range. No infant developed hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia at any time during the study period. All infants obtained sufficient volume of milk from their mothers and could be successfully breastfed until 4 months of age. The velocity of growth of the neonates was comparable to the available reference standards. Indicators of protein metabolism were within normal limits. Thus, exclusive feeding of mother's own milk can be strongly recommended for very low birthweight babies particularly in the weight group 1251-1500 g.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

Tumour thickness and relationship to locoregional failure in cancer of the buccal mucosa.

AIMS: The TNM system is the main parameter in treatment planning and the prediction of survival in oral cancer. Here, we investigate the role of tumour thickness as a predictor of locoregional failure and survival in node-negative patients. METHODS: We studied 176 node-negative and early stage gingivo-buccal squamous cell carcinoma patients retrospectively. Clinico-pathological factors investigated for tumour failure prediction were: T stage; tumour differentiation; tumour thickness; and treatment. Tumour thickness was measured using an ocular micrometer. RESULTS: Locoregional tumour failure was found in 34% of cases (60 of 176). Tumour differentiation was found not to be statistically significant in predicting tumour failure. The covariates predicting tumour failure were T stage (P<0.05); type of surgical treatment (P<0.05); and tumour thickness (P<0.001). The mean tumour thickness found was 4 mm. Tumours 4 mm in thickness behaved similarly in all three stages and those >4 mm had a higher rate of lymph-node metastasis. No distant metastasis was found in this series. CONCLUSION: Tumour thickness was found to be an accurate predictor of locoregional failure in early stage cancer of the buccal mucosa.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1999

A study of lipid peroxide and alpha tocopherol in acute myocardial infarction.

Thirty patients of acute myocardial infarction proven by electrocardiography (ECG) and enzymes were included in the study. All of them received streptokinase. A single lead showing the largest ST elevation, a proportional value for the shift in ST segment > or = 0.5 was taken as criteria for reperfusion. ECG was recorded at 0 hour, 3 hours and 72 hours. At the start of streptokinase and 3 hours after, marker of free radical activity malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant alpha tocopherol was measured. Mean value of serum alpha tocopherol level at start of streptokinase (t0) 10.03 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml and at (t3) 3 hours after streptokinase was 8.60 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml (P < 0.001) and mean value of serum lipid peroxidation level was 6.86 +/- 2.92 nanomol/ml at t(o) and at t3 value was 8.4 +/- 3.88 (P < 0.012) in successfully reperfused patients. In unsuccessful reperfusion group serum alpha tocopherol level at t(o) was 8.89 +/- 2.55 micrograms/ml and at t3 8.23 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml (p > 0.05). Serum lipid peroxidation level in the same group at t0 was 6.53 +/- 2.26 nanomol/ml and at t3 was 6.29 +/- 2.27 nanomol/ml (p > 0.05). The increase in free radical marker MDA and decrease in one of the important antioxidant alpha tocopherol suggest that free radicals are increased after coronary vessels open up. As a result reperfused patients may be at risk of free radical mediated injury which may deny him the full benefit of reperfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Study on body mass index, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation status in coronary artery disease.

Among the many known risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) obesity and hypercholesterolaemia are important ones. Whatever may be the risk factor, the basic pathology of CAD is deposition of altered lipids on the endothelium. One of such altered lipid is oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lipid peroxidation has been assessed by several methods. Quantitation of malondialdehyde (MDA) by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method is one of the commonly utilised method in several laboratories. In this study 40 cases of CAD were selected for evaluation. The body mass index (BMI), lipid profile and the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) were measured. Seventeen cases (42.5%) had normal BMI (20-25), 20 cases (50%) were in the overweight range of BMI (26-30) and only 3 cases (7.5%) were in the obese group with a BMI more than 30. BMI correlated better with the level of total cholesterol (Tc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and MDA. BMI did not show any correlation with triglyceride (Tg) or high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). MDA level correlated better with Tc, Tg levels and BMI, poorly correlated with LDLc and in inverse relationship was observed with HDLc.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Immobilisation stress induced analgesia in diabetic rats.

Stress is known to produce analgesia. The pain threshold is altered in diabetes. We studied the effect of 1 hr of immobilisation stress on pain threshold in male Wistar rats. The same effect was tested in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The pain threshold of tail flick, vocalisation and vocalisation after discharge increased in the control group after the stress procedure. Significant analgesia was also obtained in diabetic rats, for flick and after discharge pain threshold. However the vocalisation threshold was not altered, probably due to the antagonistic action of glucose on opiate receptor at the level of brain stem.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1997

Nociception, antinociceptive potency of morphine in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

There are controversial reports on the effect of diabetes on the pain threshold. We used male Wistar rats to see the effect of streptozotocin induced diabetes on the tail flick, vocalisation and vocalisation after discharge responses. These represent the spinal, lower brain stem and hypothalamic responses respectively. The effect of morphine in these parameters was studied for both the control and diabetic group. In diabetic rats, the pain threshold was increased. However, this increase was not significant. Morphine produced significant analgesia after thirty minutes for tail flick and vocalisation responses and after fifteen minutes for after discharge in the control group. The antinociceptive effect of morphine was delayed and reduced for all three pain threshold confirming the antagonistic action of glucose on opiate receptors.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1997

Lipid peroxide, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in ischaemic stroke and effect of exogenous vitamin E supplementation on outcome.

30 patients with CT proven infarct presenting within 24 hours of the acute event were included in the study with 20 age and sex matched controls. On day 1 and day 15 of stroke, levels of plasma lipid peroxide (oxidant) and plasma alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene (antioxidant) were estimated. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, one group receiving 300 mg/day of vitamin E for 15 days. Neurological examination was conducted according to Mathew scale on day 1 and day 15 and rehabilitation assessment was done at day 15 and at 6 weeks according to Barthel Index. On day 1, the mean value of plasma lipid peroxidation in controls was 4.97 +/- 1.44 nmol/ml and in stroke patients 5.89 +/- 1.56 nmol/ml (p < 0.05). The plasma beta-carotene in controls was 2.35 +/- 1.09 mg/L while in stroke patients was 1.07 +/- 0.55 mg/L (p < 0.001) and plasma alpha-tocopherol in control 9.74 +/- 2.76 micrograms/ml as compared to 7.57 +/- 2.92 micrograms/ml in stroke patients (p < 0.02). Initially the plasma lipid peroxide levels are high and antioxidant levels are low in patients of ischemic stroke. Exogenous vitamin E supplementation does not have any significant effect on early neurological outcome but it does bring about significant changes in subsequent recovery and rehabilitation of patients of stroke.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Post-operative radiotherapy in carcinoma of buccal mucosa, a prospective randomized trial.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is a common cancer in India. We are referred a large number of locally advanced lesions where curative surgery is still possible. The objective of this study is to determine the role of post-operative radiotherapy in enhancing disease-free survival. Patients with stages III and IV cancer of the buccal mucosa potentially curable by surgery were randomized to surgery only or post-operative radiotherapy. Patients were followed up for 3 years. The clinico-pathological features in both arms were comparable. Disease-free survival at the end of the study was found to be 38% and 68% (P<0.005) respectively. Post-operative radiotherapy was thus seen to improve disease-free survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

Urinary calcium creatinine ratio and hypercalciuria.

Random urine samples of 352 children in the age group of 5-12 yrs were studied for urinary calcium-creatinine ratio (Uca/Ucr mg/mg). None had any predisposing factor for secondary hypercalciuria. Calcium and creatinine both were estimated by colorimetric method. We observed that Uca/Ucr in the general pediatric population was skewed, the pattern was similar to that described in western children and it was independent of age and sex. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of Uca/Ucr was 0.10 +/- 0.094. Considering mean +2SD as the upper limit of normal, which was 0.29 in this series, the prevalence of hypercalciuria was 6.5%.

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

Effect of boseimycin on some enzyme systems of Bacillus subtilis.

The effect of boseimycin on the in vitro activity and in vivo synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, aconitase and lactate, isocitrate, glutamate and alanine dehydrogenases was studied in Bacillus subtilis. At a subinhibitory concentration, synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase was stimulated but alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and aconitase synthesis was inhibited. On the contrary, boseimycin inhibited slightly the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in cell-free extracts. Glutamate dehydrogenase and aconitase activities were not affected.

Aconitate Hydratase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Has the prevalence of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease really changed? A hospital-based study.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease still remain major public health problems. With a dramatic rise in the incidence of coronary artery disease cases, the focus of the physician seems to be shifting away from rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, and to ascertain if there was any decline in the prevalence of the disease. For the first time, data on the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are reported from Orissa, an underdeveloped state in eastern India. METHODS AND RESULTS: We scrutinized the records of cardiac patients admitted to the medicine, pediatrics and cardiology wards of the SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack from 1981 to 1990 and 1991 to 2000. During the period 1981-1990, out of 11,782 cardiac patients, 5537 (46.9%) were suffering from rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. During 1991-2000, out of 14,803 cardiac patients, 6670 hospitalized patients (45%) were found to have rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. During the first and second periods, the number of patients with rheumatic fever admitted was 1079 (9.2%) and 1330 (8.9%), respectively. The decline in the percentage of rheumatic fever cases was statistically not significant (p>0.05). During the two periods, the number of rheumatic heart disease patients admitted was 4458 (37.8%) and 5340 (36.1%), respectively. During both the periods studied, the decline in the percentage of rheumatic heart disease cases admitted was statistically not significant (p>0.05). We also compared rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease cases admitted during 1981-1985 with those admitted during 1996-2000. This analysis also did not show any demonstrable decline in the prevalence of the disease (2692 [46.2%] v. 3296 [44.4%], p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease cases constitute a significant percentage of the admissions of total cardiac cases to our hospital. Over the past 20 years, there is no significant decline in the percentage of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease cases being admitted to a major government hospital.

Adolescent↗