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Biomedical subjects

T K Das

Publications and source records attributed to T K Das.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Normal pressure hydrocephalus presenting as Parkinson's syndrome.

Although extrapyramidal features in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are not uncommon, presentations with Parkinson's syndrome as the predominant feature are rare and may give rise to diagnostic difficulties. Failure of patients with parkinsonism to respond to therapy, should alert one to the possibility of NPH.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and plasma testosterone in L-tryptophan treated rats.

Loading of L-tryptophan for 7 and 21 days increased brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level which was associated with decreased plasma testosterone level. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration in L-tryptophan treated rats for 21 days increased the plasma testosterone level in spite of increased brain 5-HT level. These results suggest that brain 5-HT exerts an inhibitory influence on testicular steroidogenesis by modulating the gonadotropin-releasing-factor (GnRH) release and thence pituitary gonadotropins.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on spermatogenesis and plasma testosterone levels in the rat.

Quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis at stage VII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone were performed in adult Wistar rats after intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT). The rats were killed 2, 10 and 21 days after injection. Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and plasma testosterone levels were found to be significantly lower in all rats treated with 5,6-DHT. A significant reduction in step 7 spermatid count was also observed after 10 and 21 days. Supplementation with human chorionic gonadotrophin for 21 days in rats injected with 5,6-DHT partially prevented the step 7 spermatid degeneration and increased testosterone levels without producing any effect on brain concentrations of 5-HT. These results suggest that changes in testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are secondary to pituitary gonadotrophin release which, in turn, is under the influence of brain 5-HT neurones.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1980

Sleep cycle studies in babies of undernourished mothers.

Polygraphic sleep cycle studies--comprising simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electro-oculogram (ECOG), phasic body activity and respiration--were performed on 19 term newborn babies born to severely undernourished mothers, and results compared with 19 healthy newborn babies. The sleep cycle in babies of undernourished mothers showed disorganisation during active rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and quiet nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The sleep disorganisation was more pronounced during quiet NREM sleep when frequent phasic activity and ocular movements were registered, thereby leading to a significant increase in the content of intermediate sleep. Furthermore, the duration of total sleep cycle and its components, active REM and quiet NREM sleep, were significantly shortened.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between microbial enzyme activities in the rumen fluid of sheep under different treatments.

Five total mixed rations prepared from finger millet (Eleusine Coracana) straw as a roughage (48%) and mixed concentrate (52%), supplemented with a 1% isoacid mixture (i-C4, i-C5, C5 and phenylacetic acid in equal proportions) or oil (groundnut oil, 5% more than the control) or urea (5% more nitrogen than the control), and protein (groundnut cake, 5% more nitrogen than the control) were given in a Latin square experiment to sheep. Enzymatic activities were estimated for urease, cellulase, protease, amylase, and lipase in various fractions of rumen fluid on the one hand and rumen microbial biomass on the other hand. Rumen samples were taken 3-4 hours after feeding and mixed rumen bacteria were separated as a strained rumen fluid without protozoa (SRFWP), cell free rumen fluid (CFRF) and enzymes associated with the bacteria cell (EABC). Samples of SRFWP and EABC contained higher enzyme activities than CFRF. Depending on the type of enzymes in each fraction, some significant coefficient of determination (r2) was seen. These values showed very close cooperative action between proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes under the experimental conditions, or perhaps the presence of some species of bacteria with both activities. Lipolytic bacteria are completely specialized for lipase production only (P < 0.05). The results showed oil, isoacid and crude protein enhanced microbial production (P < 0.05) and this can change the pattern of enzymes in the rumen of sheep.

Amylases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spermatogenesis in rat: effect of L-tryptophan loading.

The present experiment was designed to assess the role of enhanced central 5-HT level on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis of rat. L-tryptophan, a precursor in the synthesis of 5-HT in brain, was injected in male rats on a short-term (7-days) and a long-term (21-days) basis. The short-term treatment had no effect on the spermatogenic pattern (Stage - VII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium), while the long-term treatment showed a degenerative change (reduced count of the germ cells). Both modes of treatment reduced the activity of testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD without affecting NADH2-linked Diaphorase activity. Histological study of the Leydig cells' nuclear area also revealed a marked reduction after both the modes of treatment. Human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation in the long-term treatment restored the spermatogenesis, delta 5-3 beta-HSD activity and Leydig cells' nuclear area towards the vehicle treated control. The inhibition of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis reflects a decrease in the pituitary gonadotropin release under the influence of enhanced 5-HT synthesis in brain, after L-tryptophan loading.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spermatogenesis of rat: effect of central norepinephrine synthesis inhibition by diethyldithiocarbamate.

Spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis of male Wistar rats under the influence of a decreased central NE level was studied. Inhibition of NE synthesis was produced by chronic injection (7 days) of DDC, a Dopamine hydroxylase blocker, which decreased brain NE, increased brain DA without significantly affecting brain 5-HT. Rats were sacrificed on the day after cessation of treatment (8th day) and after an interval of 13 days following the cessation of treatment (21st day). The time interval of 13 days is equivalent to one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in Wistar strain rats. A degenerative change (reduced spermatid count) in the spermatogenic pattern at stage-VII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was observed in the rats sacrificed on the 8th day, the degeneration being much greater in the rats sacrificed on the 21st day. Rats sacrificed on the day after cessation of DDC treatment revealed an inhibition of plasma testosterone level. Such change was not observed in the rats sacrificed after the interval of 13 days following DDC treatment. Human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation in the rats sacrificed on the 21st day partially restored the spermatogenesis towards the vehicle treated control. The inhibition of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis reflects a decrease in the pituitary gonadotropin secretion under the influence of a decreased NE synthesis in brain, following chronic treatment of DDC.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further evidence for an inhibitory effect of L-tryptophan loading on testicular functions of rat.

Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis at stage VII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone and spectrofluorometric assay of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were performed following administration of L-tryptophan (LT) alone and in Carbidopa pretreated Wistar strain rats. Carbidopa, an inhibitor of peripheral L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, was used to prevent the peripheral conversion of LT to 5-HT. The rats were sacrificed in groups on the day after (8th day) and 13 days after (21st day) the cessation of 7 days of treatment. The time duration of 13 days is approximately equivalent to one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in Wistar strain rats. LT enhanced the brain 5-HT level, the increase being much greater in Carbidopa plus LT treated rats. However, reduction of plasma testosterone was similar in both the treated groups. There was no significant change in count of the germ cells on the day after cessation of treatment. However, marked degeneration of step 7 spermatids was observed when the analysis was performed 13 days after cessation of treatment. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration along with Carbidopa plus LT treatment partially prevented the step 7 spermatid degeneration. These findings suggest that the inhibition of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis following LT administration was secondary to decreased pituitary gonadotropin secretion which is in turn under the influence of brain 5-HT neurones. There is a minimum possibility of a direct action of LT, after conversion to 5-HT, on testicular tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride as a possible aetiological factor in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

A prospective case controlled study was conducted to evaluate the role of fluoride as a possible aetiological factor for non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Twenty patients with NUD and 10 age and sex matched healthy controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsies from the gastric antrum and duodenum. The antral and duodenal mucosa was subjected to a rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori and histological and electron microscopic examinations. Fluoride levels in the drinking water, serum and urine were estimated using a ION 85 ion-analyser. These levels were significantly higher in patients with NUD than in controls (P less than 0.05). Histological abnormalities in the antral and duodenal mucosa were seen in 14 patients (70%) with NUD and 1 control subject (10%) (P less than 0.05). Electron microscopic abnormalities in the mucosal cells were seen in all patients with NUD but in none of the controls (P less than 0.01). The fluoride levels in serum and urine correlated with the symptoms, histological and electron microscopic abnormalities (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that chronic exposure to fluoride may result in NUD and should be considered in patients where other known cause of dyspepsia have been excluded.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary pulmonary hypertension in cirrhosis of liver.

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a grave association of portal hypertension, and is potentially fatal in liver transplant candidates. AIM: To investigate the prevalence of PPH among cirrhotics with portal hypertension. METHODS: 43 cirrhotics with portal hypertension (Child B 22, C 14), after screening for cardiopulmonary diseases, were evaluated by hemodynamic study. RESULTS: PPH was detected in 2 cases (4.7%), both in Child B, hepatitis B and C viruses being the etiologies. Neither had portal axis thrombosis. Two other cases also had pulmonary hypertension, but with high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). The 41 cases without and 2 cases with PPH had, respectively, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) 16.3 (5.9) mmHg, 26 mmHg and 33 mmHg; PCWP 11.5 (6.7) mmHg, 12 mmHg and 11 mmHg; transpulmonary pressure gradient 4.8 (2.6) mmHg (n = 27), 14 mmHg and 22 mmHg; and pulmonary vascular resistance 80.2 (55.8) dyne.sec.cm-5 (n = 27), 155.6 dyne.sec.cm-5 and 366.7 dyne.sec.cm-5. No correlation of MPAP was found with either Child-Pugh scoring (r2 = 0.0347) or with hepatic venous pressure gradient (r2 = 0.0021). CONCLUSION: PPH has a prevalence of 4.7% among cirrhotics with portal hypertension; it bears no relation with severity of liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of quinalphos on testicular steroidogenesis in rats.

The effect of quinalphos (250 micrograms/kg i.p.) an organophosphorus insecticide treatment for 13 and 26-days on the testicular steroidogenic enzymes viz. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, as well as cholesterol content and histology of the testes of the Wistar strain rats was studied. The time duration of 13 days is approximately equivalent to one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in Wistar strain rats. Treatment of quinalphos for 13 days failed to produce any effect on the relative weights of the testes and accessory sex glands. However, significant inhibition of 3 beta-HSD activity and increased cholesterol level in testis were observed. The rats treated for 26 days similarly showed a highly significant inhibition of the activity of both 3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD. The relative weights of the testes and accessory sex glands were also significantly reduced. Histological examination of the testis revealed that quinalphos treatment produced detrimental changes in the seminiferous epithelium. Treatment with quinalphos for 13-days produced no toxic effect with the exception of a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase. However, after 26-days of treatment toxicity was significantly increased as reflected on serum transaminases, phosphatases and blood urea levels of rat. Present study indicated that quinalphos impairs testicular functions in rats.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗