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T J Trull

Publications and source records attributed to T J Trull.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Relationship between the five-factor model of personality and Axis I disorders in a nonclinical sample.

The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and Axis I disorders was evaluated in a nonclinical sample of 468 young adults. In general, scores on the 5 personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (assessed via the NEO Five-Factor Inventory) distinguished subjects with and without a variety of Axis I diagnoses from the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In several instances, results indicate that scores on these dimensions were differentially sensitive to diagnosis. Furthermore, scores on these 5 personality dimensions accounted for unique variance in several Axis I diagnoses above and beyond that accounted for by a general measure of current psychopathological symptoms. These results support the utility of the FFM of personality in Axis I diagnostic assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between mood changes and the report of personality disorder symptoms.

The relationship between changes in mood state and the report of personality disorder symptoms was examined in a sample of 44 outpatients. Subjects completed a battery of self-report inventories and a semistructured interview on two occasions separated by 6 months. Although significant changes in depression and anxiety were observed over time, personality disorder scores from self-report inventories and the interview were relatively stable over time. Further, changes in depression and anxiety scores were not significantly related to changes in personality disorder scores. Results suggest that self-report personality disorder scores may be as reliable as those derived from semistructured interviews.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychometric properties of a cognitive measure of personality disorders.

This study evaluated the internal consistency, 1-month test-retest reliability, and validity of a cognitive measure of personality disorders, the Belief Questionnaire (BQ; Beck, 1990). A large, nonclinical sample of college undergraduates completed the BQ, the MMPI-Personality Disorder scales (MMPI-PD; Morey, Waugh, & Blashfield, 1985), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R; Hyler & Rieder, 1987) at two times separated by 1 month. Results indicated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the BQ subscales. Validity results, however, were not so strong. The BQ scales were highly positively intercorrelated, and only moderate correspondence between BQ scores and corresponding scores from the MMPI-PD and PDQ-R was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

DSM-III-R personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality: an empirical comparison.

The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (rev. 3rd ed.; DSM-III-R) personality disorders was examined in a sample of 54 psychiatric outpatients. Correlations between raw scores on the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and the number of DSM-III-R personality disorder symptoms rated present using a semistructured interview were computed. In addition, correlations between NEO-PI scores and scores on two self-report personality disorder inventories were also examined to determine which results replicated across instruments. Results indicated that the FFM personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness were most apparent in the DSM-III-R conceptualizations of the personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Personality and psychopathology: an application of the five-factor model.

Our review is concerned with the relationship of the five-factor model of personality to psychopathology, focusing in particular on Axis II personality disorders and depression. The five factors provide a particularly compelling model for interpreting the Axis II personality disorders as maladaptive variants of normal personality traits. However, we also discuss methodological and conceptual limitations of this application. There has been little research on the relationship of Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness to Axis I mental disorders, but considerable attention has been given to Neuroticism and Extraversion. We focus in particular on the difficulty in distinguishing between the various ways in which personality can relate to depression, either as a predisposition to, a complication of, a pathoplastic effect upon, or a spectrum variant of the mental disorder. We conclude with recommendations for future research.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Categorical versus dimensional status of borderline personality disorder.

One of the many controversies concerning the borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis is whether the construct refers to a categorical or dimensional variable. The current study used Meehl's (1973) maximum covariance analysis to investigate this issue. The charts of 409 psychiatric inpatients were systematically reviewed for the presence of BPD and dysthymic symptoms. Charts of 244 inpatients were also reviewed to assess the presence of indicators of male sex, a categorical variable. The results for BPD and dysthymia were consistent with a dimensional model, whereas those for male sex were consistent with a categorical model. A dimensional model of classification of BPD is recommended, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A multidimensional scaling of the DSM-III personality disorders.

The DSM-III employs a categorical model for the classification of personality disorders. A dimensional model provides certain advantages, but there has not yet been an empiric attempt to identify an optimal set of dimensions. We systematically assessed the presence of each of the symptoms for the personality disorders in 84 patients. The number of symptoms of each of the personality disorders possessed by each patient was correlated across patients, and the correlations were subjected to a multidimensional scaling program. A three-dimensional solution was compared with the placements of the personality disorders predicted by dimensions published previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A psychometric analysis of the social-interpersonal and cognitive-perceptual items for the schizotypal personality disorder.

Because the social-interpersonal symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder have been more useful than the cognitive-perceptual in identifying the biological relatives of schizophrenics, it has been recommended that the schizotypal DSM-III-R (or DSM-IV) criteria be revised to emphasize the social-interpersonal items. This study determined whether the social-interpersonal items would be more efficient than the cognitive-perceptual in diagnosing schizotypal personality disorder in patients presenting to a clinical setting. In contrast to studies conducted in nonclinical samples, we found that the cognitive-perceptual items were equally and at times more important than the social-interpersonal items to the diagnosis of patients with schizotypal personality disorder. We demonstrate that the value of an item depends in part on the particular differential diagnosis at issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Convergent validity of observational and self-report measures of marital interaction.

Previous research findings have challenged the validity of couple's self-reports of their communication effectiveness. In the present study, observational ratings of couples' communication and spouses' self-reports on a multidimensional measure of marital interaction were obtained for a sample of 30 clinic and 12 nonclinic couples. The convergent validity of these two approaches to marital assessment was evaluated by identifying significant correlations for the total sample and for clinic and nonclinic couples, separately. In contrast to previous investigations of this nature, substantial convergence was obtained between the Couples Interaction Scoring System (CISS) and the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI). In general, convergence of the two approaches was stronger for couples in marital therapy. Implications of these findings for clinical assessment and research with nonclinic populations are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Covariation of criteria sets for avoidant, schizoid, and dependent personality disorders.

Avoidant personality disorder was a new addition to DSM-III. Reaction to its inclusion was mixed. Critics cited the lack of empirical data and the overlap with schizoid disorder. The authors consider the overlap and covariation among avoidant, schizoid, and dependent symptoms and diagnoses in a sample of 84 inpatients diagnosed by using a semistructured interview. Items for avoidant disorder covaried with criteria for dependent disorder but not with criteria for schizoid disorder. The authors point out the implications of these results for the revision of DSM-III (DSM-III-R).

Adult↗