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Biomedical subjects

T J Fogarty

Publications and source records attributed to T J Fogarty.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Endoscopic technique for subfascial perforating vein interruption.

Surgical treatment of incompetent perforating veins of the lower leg performed openly carries considerable morbidity associated with wound healing. Newer minimally invasive techniques offer an effective treatment alternative that avoids the lengthy incisions of the classical subfascial ligation techniques. The authors report a simple and quick two-port endoscopic method for clipping incompetent perforating veins of the lower leg using commonly available endoscopic instrumentation. The technique is unique in its use of a balloon dissector to rapidly establish the subfascial working space.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1996

Stereotactic breast biopsy: improved tissue harvesting with the Mammotome.

The current study was performed to determine whether the Mammotome, a new breast biopsy instrument, is better at harvesting breast tissue percutaneously than an automated Tru-Cut (ATC) device. A total of 345 stereotactic breast biopsies were performed with the Mammotome. The Mammotome specimens were clinically evaluated on a five-point specimen scale that reflected the quality and quantity of the specimens and the rapidity of collection. In selected cases, specimen weights from both techniques were measured. In addition, by examining the lesion site post-biopsy, biopsies were categorized as incisional or excisional. Specimens obtained with the Mammotome were two times heavier than when obtained with the Biopty gun (34.3 mg vs. 17.2 mg, P < or = 0.0002). When aggregate Mammotome specimen weights were regressed against number of specimens submitted, average weight per specimen was 31.9 mg (P < or = 0.0001). When compared with the ATC device on the specimen scale, the Mammotome specimens were rated "Average" in 2.1 percent, "Good" in 13 percent, and "Very Good" in 84.9 percent. Also, 51.9 percent of the biopsies with the Mammotome were judged to be incisional; 48.1 percent, excisional. Three minor complications were encountered. The Mammotome more quickly harvests more breast tissue compared with ATC technology.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Balloon dissection facilitated laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernioplasty.

BACKGROUND: With the goals of minimizing perioperative morbidity and obtaining direct inguinal access without transgressing the peritoneal cavity, we developed a balloon dissection device to facilitate laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernioplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have performed balloon facilitated dissection on 113 patients (105 males) on an outpatient basis. Some patients were repaired under regional anesthesia. A total of 150 hernias have been repaired: 72 indirect, 70 direct, 3 scrotal, 2 sliding, 2 spigelian, and 1 femoral. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 60 minutes. All patients were ambulatory on discharge. Half reported minimal or no immediate postoperative pain. Over 80% had only minimal irritation or discomfort on the third postoperative day. Nearly 60% returned to work within 2 weeks. None required hospital readmission for an immediate complication of hernioplasty. With a mean follow-up of 6.3 months, only three recurrences are reported. Except for one persistent neuropathy which resolved after staple removal, there were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that balloon dissection facilitates laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernioplasty and obviates the need for general anesthesia. Our approach minimizes perioperative pain. It can be done on an outpatient basis and permits prompt return to full activity including physical work.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New expandable access sheath for endovascular visualization and repair.

Catheter-based endovascular techniques are becoming increasingly important. Access to the vascular lumen is the single most critical common step to all these interventions. This report describes the concept of, and initial clinical experience with, a new expandable access sheath for endovascular therapy.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1991

Effect of preflaring on canal transportation. Evaluation of ultrasonic, sonic, and conventional techniques.

This study evaluated the effect on canal transportation when acrylic canals were preflared with Peeso reamers before the use of ultrasonic, sonic, and hand instrumentation techniques. Twenty resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were shaped with each technique to a size 40 file 0.5 mm from the apical foramen. Ten of the canals were preflared in the cervical region with No. 1 and No. 2 Peeso reamers before instrumentation; 10 canals that were not preflared served as controls. Transportation was measured on the inside canal curvature 3 mm from the canal orifice and 8 mm cervical to the working length, and on the outside canal curvature 1 mm cervical to the working length. Statistical analysis with Student's t test did not show a significant reduction in canal transportation for the preflared groups. In some areas the amount of transportation was less for the preflared groups; in other areas it was greater.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy--the surgeon's role in management.

It is important for vascular surgeons to be familiar with reflex sympathetic dystrophy because they may be called on to participate in the evaluation and treatment of patients with this syndrome. Over a 3 1/2-year period, 35 patients, initially evaluated by a team of pain experts, were referred for surgical sympathectomy for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. All patients had at least one positive diagnostic sympathetic block before they were considered for surgical sympathectomy. With use of this team approach and careful patient selection, excellent results were obtained in 74%, good results in 17%, and poor results in 9%. Three patients required a repeat cervical sympathectomy after initial surgery failed to relieve their symptoms. One patient required a contralateral lumbar sympathectomy after ipsilateral sympathectomy was unsuccessful. Better results were obtained in patients treated earlier in their course and with extended surgical sympathectomy. Patients not responding to initial sympathectomy should be evaluated for the presence of residual functional sympathetic tissue, and if this is identified, further sympathectomy by an alternate approach appears justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Preparation of the internal mammary artery for coronary artery bypass grafting.

The described internal mammary artery (IMA) preparation reduces several shortcomings of the IMA graft procedure. The technique increases vessel diameter through single plane pedicle fascial incision assisted by gentle balloon dilatation. Trauma to the intima from instrumentation is minimized due to the atraumatic nature of a soft air-filled balloon catheter and avoidance of shear forces exceeding 40 g. The increase in vessel diameter effected by balloon dilatation creates a larger hood area to facilitate the distal anastomosis. The technique also maximizes the length of the IMA for sequential grafting.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1990

The guide-eye ureteral access system.

Equipping ureteral instruments with the guide-eye feature has expanded the instrumentation options available to urologists. The guide-eye facilitates repetitive instrument access, allows coordinated instrument combinations, and enhances sequential placement of a series of instruments. We believe this concept increases the safety and efficacy of our present instruments and clearly encourages innovative designs for the future.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1989

Combined thrombectomy and dilation for the treatment of acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis.

Our experience with combined balloon catheter thrombectomy and balloon dilation for the treatment of acute thrombosis is reported. Eighteen patients underwent the combined procedures between 1981 and 1988. Primary thrombectomy and balloon dilation were performed in 14 patients, and additional reconstruction was performed in three patients. The superficial femoral artery was the site of thrombectomy and dilation in 13 patients, and the external iliac artery was the site in the remaining five patients. Successful dilation was accomplished in all patients, with stenotic sites reduced below 30% by angiography, and ankle/brachial indexes increased by 0.15 or more. No operative deaths or complications occurred. Follow-up of superficial femoral artery dilations showed a 90% patency rate continued out to 4 years and a 40% patency rate at 5 years. Combined thrombectomy and interventional catheter therapy may aid in the care of this difficult to treat vascular patient group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Transluminal atherectomy for occlusive peripheral vascular disease.

Sixty-one patients with occlusive peripheral vascular disease were treated with transluminal atherectomy, a catheter-mediated technique for removal of atheroma. The technique was performed using 7Fr, 9Fr or 11Fr atherectomy catheters. Mean percent diameter stenosis was reduced from 71 to 23%, by removal of 831 atheromatous specimens in 949 passes of the cutting element through 136 stenoses in 61 patients. All specimens removed were sent for histopathologic examination to determine the components of the atheroma removed, which differed for specimens removed from original vs restenotic lesions. Percent stenosis was reduced to less than 45% in 118 of 136 stenoses (87%). Complications included 1 thrombus, which resolved after intraarterial infusion of streptokinase and 1 probable distal embolization without sequelae. Three angiographic dissections occurred without impairment of blood flow. There were no instances of acute occlusion, vascular spasm or vessel perforation. Six-month follow-up angiography was performed showing that patients who had a residual stenosis less than 30% after initial atherectomy had a lower restenosis rate (18%) than patients with initial residual stenoses greater than 30% (52%); this result demonstrated the importance of performing more complete atherectomy. Transluminal atherectomy appears to be an effective, predictable and safe method for removing occlusive atheromatous deposits from peripheral arteries.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1988

An improved technique for the internal mammary artery coronary bypass graft procedure.

An improved technique for internal mammary artery graft preparation is described. Following cautery dissection of the internal mammary artery (IMA) pedicle, the pedicle investing fascia is incised to the adventitial level along a single plane. This incision allows the tissue around the internal mammary artery to fall away and severs the muscular constrictions that often surround the internal mammary artery. Balloon calibration is performed to identify remaining constrictions and to relieve internal mammary artery spasm. A shear force limiting gauge insures that the exerted balloon force remains below the level demonstrated to cause intimal damage during electron microscopic studies. This technique allows full internal mammary artery distention without the devascularizing effects of full skeletonization. Distention of the distal internal mammary artery provides an enlarged hood to facilitate suture placement. Elongation of the internal mammary artery during balloon calibration aids in the performance of sequential grafts. This technique has been applied to 793 patients over the past five years. Postcalibration flow rates increased 3- to 18-fold over precalibration flow rates. Two early occlusions occurred during this series, one due to endothelial strippage prior to the development and use of the shear force limiting gauge. Follow-up showed 93.3% of patients to be asymptomatic. This combination of fascial incision and balloon calibration appears to offer safe technical and functional improvements to the performance of the internal mammary artery graft.

California↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of transmural force during application of vascular occlusive devices.

An in vivo system was established whereby the transmural forces exerted across the arterial wall during vascular occlusion were directly measured. Evaluation of various currently available vascular occlusive devices was conducted and transmural force transmission data were recorded. The clamps were classified according to their mechanical design characteristics. The magnitude of force required to obtain cessation of distal flow varied significantly among devices of differing mechanical design but correlated well when compared with clamps of similar design. This information was then compared with graded analysis of the degree of intimal injury created by these specific devices as assessed with scanning electron microscopy. The amount of transmural force exerted by each individual device correlated with the grade of intimal injury created by that device. We conclude that fundamental clamp design dictates the magnitude of applied transmural force, that force and the vectors of the application of that force are directly responsible for the degree of resultant intimal injury, and that the intima appears to possess an injury threshold of approximately 5 x 10(4) dynes/cm2. Intimal injury may determine success or failure of vascular surgical procedures; therefore it is prudent to seek the least traumatic means of vascular occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of valvulotomy on the flow rate through the saphenous vein graft: clinical implications.

Potential differences in flow rates between reversed and in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts were evaluated. One hundred ten greater saphenous vein segments containing isolated valves were examined with fiber-optic angioscopy during pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow. Valve competency was determined, and the degree of luminal obstruction caused by the valve during reversed flow was calculated with caliper measurements of the video image. Flow measurements were obtained before and after valvulotomy, in reversed and nonreversed vein orientations. Increased flow rates occurred during pulsatile irrigation only, after valvulotomy in vein segments with diameters less than 2.5 mm (p less than 0.001, Bonferroni t test). In these small-diameter vein segments, the flow rate in reversed valve-intact vein was 94.4 +/- 28.9 ml/min (mean +/- 1 standard deviation), the flow rate in reversed valve-disrupted vein was 136.4 +/- 36.5 ml/min, and the flow rate in nonreversed valve-disrupted vein was 137.8 +/- 31.3 ml/min. In 22 vein segments, luminal obstruction caused by the intact valve was measured angioscopically. A small valve orifice was found to be related to a large increase in flow rate after valvulotomy (p less than 0.02, least-squares regression). In addition, veins with diameters less than 2.5 mm have significantly smaller valve orifices compared with veins with diameters greater than 2.5 mm. These results present important clinical implications as the number of distal extremity reconstructions increases.

Blood Flow Velocity↗