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Biomedical subjects

T J Doyle

Publications and source records attributed to T J Doyle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Dietary intake of energy and animal foods and endometrial cancer incidence. The Iowa women's health study.

To assess the relations of dietary intake of energy and animal foods to endometrial cancer risk, dietary analyses were performed using data from a prospective cohort study of over 23,000 postmenopausal Iowa women who responded to a mailed questionnaire in 1986 and were followed through the end of 1992 for cancer incidence and total mortality. Usual intakes of 127 food items were measured by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. After 7 years of follow-up, 216 incident endometrial cancer cases had been ascertained. There was no statistically significant association of dietary intake of energy and most animal foods with endometrial cancer incidence over the 7-year follow-up period. Stratified analyses, however, suggested that intake of energy from plant foods may be inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk in the latter years of follow-up (trend test, p = 0.03), while high intake of energy and foods from animal sources related to slightly, but not statistically significantly, elevated risks of this cancer in the earlier years of follow-up. The only significant dose-response relation observed in food group analyses was for processed meat and fish, for which a significant 50% excess risk of endometrial cancer was found among women in the highest versus the lowest tertile of intake. This study suggests that dietary intake of energy and most animal foods is not related to or is only weakly related to the risk of endometrial cancer among postmenopausal US women.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1995

Relative concentrations of proton MR visible neurochemicals in gray and white matter in human brain.

The relative distributions of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr/PCr), and choline (Cho) in the gray and white matter of human brain were determined by utilizing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (SI). The SI data was processed using an automated spectroscopic image processing algorithm, and image segmentation was performed using a supervised technique. Linear regression analysis indicated that the NAA + NAAG (2.01 ppm) and Cr/PCr (3.02 ppm) peaks are greater in gray matter compared with white matter. The large intersubject variation observed in the Cho (3.20 ppm) resonance prevented the assessment of its regional distribution with confidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Automated proton spectroscopic image processing.

An automatic data processing and display protocol for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is described. The spectroscopic images are generated using the fitted peak areas of phased metabolite resonances using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. This automated spectroscopic image processing is tested and evaluated using phantom and human brain data. This algorithm is robust, simple to use, and minimizes user bias in processing and quantifying serial changes of metabolite levels in brain tissue.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

The Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid increases the growth rate of salmonellae in mice.

The virulence plasmids of Salmonella typhimurium and other invasive Salmonella serovars have long been associated with the ability of these bacteria to cause systemic infection beyond the intestines in orally inoculated animals. Genetic analysis of virulence genes on the high-molecular-weight plasmids has revealed that no more than five genes spanning a 6.2-kb region are sufficient to replace the entire plasmid for conferring virulence. However, the exact virulence function(s) encoded by these genes has not been elucidated. In this report, we measured the possible effect of the virulence plasmid on the growth rate of S. typhimurium in mice by two complementary procedures. The first procedure used segregation of a temperature-sensitive plasmid in vivo to provide a measure of bacterial divisions and the number of recovered marker plasmid-containing salmonellae as a measure of killing. In the second procedure, aroA deletions were transduced into virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-cured S. typhimurium. Since AroA- salmonellae are inhibited for growth in vivo, if the virulence plasmid affected only growth rate, no difference in the recoveries of the paired AroA- strains would be seen. Virulence plasmid-containing S. typhimurium segregated the marker plasmid more rapidly than did the virulence plasmid-cured strain, and AroA- derivatives of both strains were recovered equally from mice. Therefore, the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid increased growth rate but had no detectable effect on killing or bacterial movement into deep tissues. To examine whether the plasmid accomplished this function by affecting the intracellular/extracellular location of bacteria, orally infected mice were injected with gentamicin to kill the extracellular bacteria. Wild-type and plasmid-cured S. typhimurium strains were equally resistant to gentamicin in vivo and hence most likely located intracellularly to equal degrees. When wild-type and plasmid-cured S. typhimurium strains were sequestered within peritoneal chambers in mice, the resulting extracellular growth was equal. Therefore, the virulence plasmid increases the growth rate of S. typhimurium in mice, probably within mouse cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A successful physician-led multidisciplinary approach to process improvement for inpatient chemotherapy.

In 1991, Henry Ford Hospital established a physician-led, multidisciplinary chemotherapy DRG task force charged with examining and improving the clinical and support processes relating to inpatient chemotherapy. While the goal of this effort was to improve cost management, quality improvement philosophy and methods were applied. This task force developed two short-stay protocols, reducing the length of hospitalization from three days to one for high-dose cisplatin regimens, and from five to only two days for combined chemotherapy/radiation therapy regimens. This article shares insights regarding the types of improvements and methods that were used, the effective involvement of physicians, and the use of administrative and staff support to accelerate the improvement effort and leverage clinicians' time.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1990

MPTP, MPDP+ and MPP+ cause decreases in dopamine content in mouse brain slices.

MPTP causes a Parkinson's disease-like syndrome in which the dopamine content of the nigrostriatal system decreases. We have studied the relationship between physiological changes and dopamine content using a brain slice preparation developed for electrophysiological studies of corticostriate and nigrostriatal synaptic transmission. We report that MPTP, MPDP+ and MPP+ cause significant decreases in dopamine content of mouse brain slices. We also report that compounds (pargyline and GBR-12909) which block MPTP's toxicity in vivo and prevent non-reversible changes in synaptic transmission are not able to alter MPTP's ability to decrease slice dopamine contents. This indicates that the dopamine content in slices may not be causally related to the non-reversible decrease in synaptic transmission or in vivo neurotoxicity.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1988

MPTP in mice: treatment, distribution and possible source of contamination.

Mice were treated daily with [3H]MPTP (30 mg/kg, 1 uCi, s.c.) for 1, 3, and 10 days to determine the fate and localization of tritiated compounds. An untreated mouse was housed either in the same cage ("cage-mate control") or in an adjacent cage separated by mesh-wire ("near-neighbor control"). The radioactivity measured in blood, brain, liver, and remaining body of [3H]MPTP-treated mice was dependent on the total dose of the drug the animals received and did not vary with the type of tissue analyzed. Significant amounts of radioactivity were found in the tissues of the "cage-mate control" mice, but not of the "near-neighbor control" mice. The route of transmission appears to be through the urine, as the urine of [3H]MPTP-treated mice was highly radioactive after the drug injection. Only traces of radioactivity were found in their feces and there was no increase in the background radiation in the environment of the cages, indicating that the tritiated compounds were not exhaled. Proper disposal of urinary products of MPTP-treated animals is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of possible drug contamination in humans.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral lymphedema in ferrets infected with Brugia malayi.

This study examines the production and persistence of peripheral lymphedema in ferrets experimentally infected with Brugia malayi. In 14 of 18 ferrets inoculated 2 or more times with infective larvae, lymphedema developed in the inoculated paw or paw and lower leg. In 5 of these ferrets lymphedema had persisted for 8 to 18 months at the time of necropsy. Lymphedema rarely was observed following a single inoculation of larvae or in microfilaremic ferrets. The results suggest that the ferret may be a useful experimental animal for the study of chronic lymphostatic disorders in filariasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antibody and cellular immune responses to microfilarial antigens in ferrets experimentally infected with Brugia malayi.

Eleven of 15 ferrets experimentally infected with Brugia malayi became amicrofilaremic after a brief patency; only four ferrets remained patent after 6 months of infection and two of these ferrets developed a high, persistent microfilaremia. Blastogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to antigens of microfilariae (mf), assayed in vitro, demonstrated an antigen sensitivity at prepatent, patent and postpatent periods of infection. Lymphocytes from ferrets with high microfilaremia had elevated background responses in culture which were directly correlated with the number of circulating mf. This background response was attributed to antigenic stimulation by mf present in the lymphocyte cultures; addition of mf to cultures of lymphocytes from postpatent ferrets induced responses equivalent to those observed in microfilaremic ferrets. Lymphocyte responses to the mitogen, concanavalin A, did not differ significantly among microfilaremic, amicrofilaremic and uninfected ferrets. Antibody in IgG to antigens of mf measured by ELISA and by immunoblots from SDS-PAGE showed similar patterns of response in ferrets which became amicrofilaremic and in the few ferrets which remained microfilaremic. prausnitz-Kustner tests demonstrated no consistent differences in titers to microfilarial antigens between patent and amicrofilaremic ferrets. The results suggest a high level of immune responsiveness to antigens of mf in infected ferrets with no evidence of immunosuppression associated with prolonged microfilaremia or of major changes in immune responses with development of amicrofilaremic infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hodgkin's disease in renal transplant recipients.

The association between renal transplantation and malignancy, particularly histiocytic lymphoma, is well known. Hodgkin's disease also occurs in renal transplant recipients. We report such a case and also review three other reports in the literatures. The Hodgkin's disease was insensitive to conventional MOPP chemotherapy in two of two, and was sensitive to combined MOPP-Bleomycin in one patient. The disease was rapidly fatal in three of four cases.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1982

Brain metastasis in the natural history of small-cell lung cancer: 1972-1979.

The records of 134 patients with small-cell lung cancer who had been seen at Henry Ford Hospital between 1972-1979 were reviewed with emphasis on brain metastasis. Brain metastasis developed in 28% of the patients; 21% had brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis and in 7% it developed later (de novo). In 9%, the chief complaint was related to brain metastasis. Brain metastasis in only two of 109 patients developed after diagnosis (de novo) yet prior to initiation of prophylactic brain radiation. The frequency of de novo brain metastasis in those treated with intensive combination chemotherapy and those treated by other means was similar. Of the patients with brain metastasis, 73% died from other causes. Isolated brain metastasis in the absence of progressive systemic disease was rare.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Acoustic neurinoma in a population of noise exposed workers.

Regulations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration require the performance of audiometric tests on workers exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels. These tests are frequently performed by Occupational Hearing Conservationists who have taken a 20-hour course based on recommendations of the Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation. Unless audiograms performed by such personnel are promptly reviewed and appropriate referral to specialists made, significant and potentially life-threatening otic disease may go undetected. This paper reports a series of workers with acoustic tumors initially detected by an Occupational Hearing Conservation Program. It is dangerous to assume that the hearing loss and tinnitus reported by noise-exposed workers is necessarily the result of workplace noise exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of transplant renal artery stenosis.

Transplant renal artery stenosis occurred in 17 of 142 consecutive transplants (12 percent). All stenoses were in the renal artery distal to the anastomosis and two separate forms are recognized: angulation and segmental stenosis. Successful surgical correction in 12 of 17 patients relieved the hypertension and resulted in improved renal function. No patients receiving dipyridamole, a drug which inhibits platelet aggregation and intravascular fibrin deposition, developed segmental renal artery stenosis. No other factors could be identified which were important in either causing or preventing renal artery stenosis. Since intrarenal vascular changes are an integral aspect of rejection, the protection afforded by dipyridamole against segmental renal artery stenosis indicates that segmental stenosis is probably a manifestation of rejection.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1976

Hematologic values for free-ranging urban gray squirrels (Sciurus c carolinensis).

Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis) (N=180) from Jacksonville, Fl, were examined for hematologic values: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, packed cell volume, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, blood platelet counts, Hb electrophoresis, and erythrocyte fragility. Results were compared by age and by sex of the squirrels and by month of capture.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Seasonal variations in total serum protein concentration in an estuarine raccoon population.

Total serum protein (TSP) levels were recorded for the adult cohort in a population of southern Florida raccoons (Procyon lotor marinus) for a period of 1 year. TSP levels were found to fluctuate seasonally, with autumn levels being the highest and spring and summer levels the lowest. Values for males tended to be higher than those for females. There may be a correlation between mean TSP levels and mean body weight. In 10 male raccoons recaptured during the study period, the same pattern of fluctuation in TSP levels was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Homotransplant renal artery stenosis.

Transplant renal artery stenosis occurred in 12 of 101 consecutive kidney transplants. Stenoses were all located in the renal artery distal to the anastomosis. Two separate forms of stenosis are recognized: angulation and segmental. All transplant patients with severe diastolic hypertension, refractory to medical management, and an audible abdominal bruit should undergo angiography. Surgical correction of the stenosis was accomplished in nine of 12 patients with cure of their hypertension.

Angiography↗