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Biomedical subjects

T J Coates

Publications and source records attributed to T J Coates.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Parental influences on children's eating behavior and relative weight.

We investigated the relationship between selected parent behaviors, child mealtime behavior, and infant relative weight. Subjects were 7 male and 7 female children varying in age from 12 to 30 months (mean = 23.9 months). Each subject and parents were observed during the dinnertime meal on two occasions using the BATMAN (Bob and Tom's Method of Assessing Nutrition). The children spent 58% of the mealtime eating. They spent very little time making active decisions about what and how much they ate (food requests = 2% of the time; food refusals = 1% of the time). We found significant correlations between child relative weight and (a) parental prompts to eat (r = .81, p less than .001), (b) parental food offers (r = .51, p less than .05), and (c) parental encouragement to eat (r = .82, p less than .001). Thus, the present study suggests a relationship between certain parental variables and the relative weight of their children.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Does smoking cessation lead to weight gain? The experience of asbestos-exposed shipyard workers.

We examined the relationship between smoking cessation and weight change in a sample of 373 asbestos-exposed workers who had participated in a smoking cessation program. Those who quit smoking for one year and those who quit for shorter periods gained significantly more weight than those who continued to smoke. Those with initially poorer health and those who quit to avoid illness gained less weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nocturnal biofeedback for nocturnal bruxism.

Reports have appeared recently describing the successful reduction of nocturnal bruxism through nocturnal biofeedback. These claims of effective treatments rest mainly on the use of a single index of integrated masseter EMG levels as a measure of bruxism and are based only on short-term effects. The present study was conducted to provide a more rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of nocturnal biofeedback for nocturnal bruxism through the use of all-night polysomnographic recordings. The results from multiple indices of bruxism are internally consistent and indicate that simple nocturnal biofeedback does not appear to be effective in reducing nocturnal bruxing. Recommendations are made for a more comprehensive approach to the treatment of nocturnal bruxism.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Smoking cessation with adolescents: a comparison of recruitment strategies.

This study compared two methods for recruiting high school students into a voluntary smoking cessation program. A person-to-person approach was compared to an approach that resembled normal school publicity procedure. Active personal recruitment produced 31 volunteers, while the normal procedures produced only one. Subsequent application of the active approach at sites where only static procedures had been used produced an additional 21 volunteers. Results suggest that active person-to-person recruitment may be an important component of a smoking cessation effort with high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Discriminating good sleepers from insomniacs using all-night polysomnograms conducted at home.

Twelve good sleepers and 12 insomniacs were recorded over three nights in their homes. Subjective assessment of sleep indicated minimal disruption due to sleep recording procedures. A cut point of 88 per cent sleep efficiency resulted in correct classification of nine poor sleepers and 10 good sleepers. Multiple discriminant function analyses, using variables related to rapid eye movement sleep, resulted in the same number of correct classifications. The two indices combined resulted in 100 per cent exclusion of false positives for good sleepers and insomniacs. Insomniacs also showed more night-to night variability in sleep and greater difficulty in returning to sleep once aroused. These results show that good sleepers and insomniacs can be distinquished with a high degree of resolution using variables derived from the home all-night sleep recording.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral self-management in treating sleep-maintenance insomnia.

Three controlled case studies are presented to demonstrate the application of behavioral self-management to two subtypes of sleep-maintenance insomnia. Patient 1 suffered from brief but frequent arousals to wakefulness and to NREM Stage 1 sleep. Patient 2 suffered from brief but frequent arousals and extended minutes awake after sleep onset. Patient 3 suffered from an extended latency to sleep onset and also extended minutes awake after sleep onset. The self-management treatment program was designed to teach these patients skills for identifying and modifying environmental, behavioral, physiological, and cognitive conditions related to poor sleep. Results are documented using home and laboratory all-night sleep recordings during treatment and at 3 and 12 months following the end of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

First night effects in good sleepers and sleep-maintenance insomniacs when recorded at home.

Home sleep recordings were conducted over four consecutive nights with 12 good sleepers and 12 sleep-maintenance insomniacs. Good sleepers showed decreased sleep efficiency and increased min awake after sleep onset on night 1. Insomniacs showed extended latency to onset of the first REM period and decreased REM in the first third of the initial recording night. Good sleepers and insomniacs reported no significant differences in adequacy of sleep between the first and subsequent sleep nights.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Heart healthy eating and exercise: introducing and maintaining changes in health behaviors.

The Heart Program is a health education project developed for elementary school students. It was designed to 1) increase their consumption of complex carbohydrates, and decrease their consumption of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar; 2) increase their level of habitual physical activity; and 3) generalize these changes to other family members. The overall program and 12 class lessons were designed using informative instruction, participatory classroom activities, personal goal setting, parent handouts, feedback, and reinforcement. The program was evaluated using a time-series experimental design with all students in three 4th grade classes at School 1 and three 5th grade classes at School 2. Evaluation was conducted using direct observations of eating and activity, as well as paper-and-pencil assessments of knowledge and attitude. Results indicated substantial changes in eating behavior at school, knowledge about heart health, food preferences, and family eating patterns are reported by parents. Observed changes in exercise were minimal during treatment, and were related to seasonal sports activities at follow-up. Eating which spanned summer vacation. These outcomes suggest that school programs developed using specific techniques can be effective in facilitating important behavior changes at school and at home.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among adolescents.

The Stanford Sleep Inventory was given to 639, 11th- and 12th-grade students to assess the prevalence and correlates of poor sleep among an adolescent population. Of the sample reported, 49.8% had no sleep problems, whereas 37.6% reported occasional sleep disturbance and 12.6% reported chronic and severe sleep disturbance. Students complaining of disturbed sleep were more likely than good sleepers to describe negatively their physical and personality characteristics. The clinical implications of these data for developing educationally-based nondrug treatment of the complaint of insomnia among adolescents are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Telephone transmission of all-night polysomnographic data from subjects' homes.

All-night sleep recordings, essential for obtaining measurements of sleep and for diagnosing various sleep disorders, have been restricted primarily to laboratory settings. Described here is a system to complete all-night-sleep recordings in subjects' homes. Eight electroencephalogram channels can be fed into a portable transmitter (which contains a preamplifier and frequency modulator), and transmitted over telephone lines to a receiving polygraph at a remote laboratory. No polygraph is required at the transmission site. Evidence of good signal quality is presented. The clinical and research implications of this methodology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Treating obesity in children and adolescents: a review.

Researchers and health practitioners are becoming increasingly concerned with the problems associated with obesity among children and adolescents. Obesity tends to persist into adulthood and to be associated with a variety of physical and psychological problems. Treatment approaches used to date are generally impotent, but some promising short-term results have been achieved with some forms of dietary counseling, exercise programs, total environmental management, and behavior therapy. But even with these strategies, clinically significant weight loss is rare and advances during treatment are rarely maintained. Radical departures from current treatment strategies are needed in the form of more structured and intensive treatments, family involvement, and training in problem solving. Closer adherence to sound scientific methodology might at least provide a foundation from which more effective treatments might be developed.

Adolescent↗