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Biomedical subjects

T J Albert

Publications and source records attributed to T J Albert.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Anterior cerebellar vermal stimulation: effect on behavior and basal forebrain neurochemistry in rat.

Stimulation of the anterior cerebellar vermis (ACV) has been shown to be of therapeutic value in several patients with chronic intractable psychiatric disorders, although the mechanism of action of ACV stimulation remains obscure. The present study sought to clarify how cerebellar stimulation might function by investigating the behavioral and biochemical effects of ACV stimulation in rats. Stimulation was found to increase the amplitude of the acoustic startle response and to produce a borderline enhancement of the potentiated startle effect, results that were interpreted as evidence that ACV stimulation enhances responsiveness to significant environmental cues. A concurrent increase in dopamine turnover and a decrease in serotonin release in the nucleus accumbens suggest possible mechanisms of action of the stimulation. It is proposed that cerebellar stimulation may exert a positive therapeutic effect only in Type II schizophrenia (negative symptomatology), a category of cases possibly associated with an underactive mesolimbic dopamine pathway and, hence, not responsive to neuroleptic treatment.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical management of cervical radiculopathy.

Cervical radiculopathy presents as pain in a dermatomal distribution. Despite conservative nonoperative therapy, a large subset of patients will require surgical intervention. Indications for surgery include recalcitrant radiculopathy despite nonoperative treatment for more than 6 weeks and progressive motor deficit or disabling motor deficit (deltoid palsy, wrist drop) prior to 6 weeks. Anterior and posterior approaches have both yielded successful results in appropriately selected patients. Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion is the generally preferred treatment for radiculopathy when there is a significant component of axial neck pain, when the disease is centrally located, or when there is any degree of segmental kyphosis. Posterior laminoforaminotomy is an acceptable choice for lateral soft disk herniations with predominant arm pain and for caudal lesions in large, short-necked individuals.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of human bone morphogenetic proteins in spinal fusion.

The attainment of a stable arthrodesis is critical to the successful management of some types of spinal disorders. Autologous iliac-crest bone graft has been the most commonly utilized substance associated with predictable healing in spinal fusion applications. Although alternative graft substances exist, these have not been shown to be as uniformly effective in achieving spinal fusion. Because of the morbidity associated with bone autograft harvest, there is increasing interest in alternative graft substances and especially in the osteoinductive abilities of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Several animal models have demonstrated that BMP-containing allograft or synthetic carrier medium is as effective as or superior to autograft bone in promoting spinal fusion. Furthermore, the limited number of human trials utilizing BMPs to treat nonunions in the appendicular skeleton indicate that the results found in animal models will be reproducible in the clinical setting.

Animals↗