Comment on "Angle dependence of the upper critical field of superconducting superlattices"
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Iwai
Publications and source records attributed to T Iwai.
Temporal profile of nuclear DNA fragmentation in situ in gerbil hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia.
To determine the time course of nuclear DNA damage in the gerbil hippocampus following transient ischemia, brain sections 48, 72, 96 h and 7 days following 5 min ischemia were evaluated by a specific in situ labeling method of DNA breaks. After 72 h, only the neurons located in the medial part of the CA1 sector were labeled. And then, DNA damage extended to the lateral part of the sector with time.
Animals↗
Population pharmacokinetics of theophylline. III. Premarketing study for a once-daily administered preparation.
The population pharmacokinetic parameters for a once-daily administered preparation, Uniphyl were estimated from data collected in the premarketing clinical trial. Altogether, 2772 serum theophylline concentrations were obtained from 131 normal subjects and 306 patients suffering from chronic asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participated in the phase I, II, and III clinical trials in Japan. The serum concentration profile was described by a linear one-compartment model with first-order absorption. The factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of this drug were examined by the likelihood ratio test using a nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM). The first-order absorption rate constant (Ka) for a 200-mg tablet in a fasting condition was obtained as 0.0773 (1/h), which was smaller than the elimination rate constant (0.168 1/h), indicating the flip-flop characteristic of this preparation. Food indigestion increased the Ka by 17% and the absorption lag time by 5-fold but did not affect the extent of absorption. The 400-mg tablet showed a Ka value 19%, smaller than the 200-mg tablet. Children not older than 15 years showed 58% longer absorption lag time. The inter-individual variability in Ka was 19%, suggesting small variability in the vivo release process. The total body clearance was related to hepatic function, smoking habits, and age. Furthermore, clearance decreased in association with the severity of illness. The findings obtained here are useful not only for the initial dosage adjustment for patients with a variety of backgrounds but also for doses individualization based on serum concentration monitoring with or without the Bayesian feedback method.
Adolescent↗
Hypothermic prevention of nuclear DNA fragmentation in gerbil hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia.
The protective effect of hypothermia on DNA fragmentation following transient forebrain ischemia in mongolian gerbils was investigated. The DNA fragmentation demonstrated in situ in gerbil hippocampal CA1 was compared between intra- and post-ischemic hypothermia. Intra-ischemic hypothermia prevented the DNA fragmentation in hippocampal CA1 completely, while severe DNA damage was observed in post-ischemic hypothermia group. the degree of DNA fragmentation of hippocampal CA1 in the post-ischemic hypothermia group was equal to that in the ischemic control group. The results suggest that hypothermia during a transient forebrain ischemia exerts a protective effect on the post-ischemic hippocampal damage by preventing the DNA fragmentation in CA1 neurons.
Animals↗
Characterization of opioid receptors in the Mongolian gerbil cerebellum.
Characteristics of opioid receptors binding in the Mongolian gerbil cerebellum were determined by in vitro radioligand binding technique. Homogenate of cerebellar membranes possessed a binding capacity for 3H-DAMGO, a mu-agonist, and for 3H-diprenorphine, an antagonist of mu, delta and kappa-receptors. These bindings were saturable, and characterized by high affinity (Kd values: 1.55 +/- 0.43 nM for 3H-DAMGO and 0.56 +/- 0.20 nM for 3H-diprenorphine) and high density (Bmax: 127.8 +/- 23.8 fmoles/mg protein for 3H-DAMGO and 135.8 +/- 9.03 fmoles/mg protein for 3H-diprenorphine). Autoradiographically, the binding sites were predominantly located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. 3H-DPDPE, a delta-agonist, showed only very small binding capacity to the cerebellar membranes. The kappa-agonist, 3H-U-69593, also showed very small binding capacity to the cerebellar membranes except in the early postnatal period. Thus, the gerbil cerebellum can be considered as a tissue containing a homogeneous population of mu-opioid receptors.
Animals↗
Study on thrombus formation and the course of healing after sclerotherapy for varicose veins of the leg (preliminary report).
Varicose veins of the leg with saphenous trunk incompetence have been treated surgically. However, recently we have switched to sclerotherapy, and the preliminary results have been satisfactory. We examined varicosities in the leg by color-coded duplex scanning to evaluate venous incompetence and the results of sclerotherapy. Our sclerotherapy procedure was performed as follows: the varicosed branches were punctured and less than 5 ml of 3% polidocanol was injected with the patient's legs raised; an elastic bandage was applied for 3-7 days. Before sclerotherapy, saphenous incompetence was detected in 31 out of 32 limbs. One to two weeks after sclerotherapy, 22 limbs with greater saphenous trunk incompetence were re-examined. The saphenous trunk was occluded with thrombus and saphenous incompetence had diminished in 16 limbs, and there was excellent sclerosis of the distal varicosities. The saphenous trunk was not sclerosed in six limbs. The varicosity was sclerosed in two out of these six limbs. We followed up the healing course of the saphenous vein thrombosis in nine limbs for up to 6 months. Six recanalizations of the saphenous veins were observed, however, clinically the distal varicosity did not recur in any of these limbs. Sclerotherapy appears to be a clinically useful method capable of replacing surgery.
Adult↗
Excitation functions of He(n=3) levels in the intermediate-velocity regime of He+-He collisions.
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Journal Article↗
Effects of delapril hydrochloride on the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long term treatment with delapril hydrochloride (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) on myocardial contractility and ventricular myosin isoenzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DESIGN: Delapril hydrochloride (10 mg/kg/day by mouth) was administered to 22- to 24-week-old male SHR for eight to 10 weeks. The isometric contractions of isolated left ventricular papillary muscles were observed while being perfused with Tyrode's solution (32 degrees C, pH 7.4, bubbled with 95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide, stimulation frequency 0.2 Hz). The left ventricular myosin isoenzymes were separated using pyrophosphate-gel electrophoresis. MAIN RESULTS: The mean systolic blood pressure of the delapril-treated group was significantly lower than that of the untreated control group. The mean ventricular weight was also lower in the delapril-treated than control group (mean +/- SD, untreated: 211 +/- 11 mmHg, n = 6; delapril-treated: 183 +/- 14 mmHg, n = 8, P < 0.01). The mean isometric developed tension (T) and +/-dT/dtmax of isolated left ventricular papillary muscles from the delapril-treated and untreated SHR did not differ significantly. The left ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern obtained by pyrophosphate-gel electrophoresis, however, showed a significant shift towards VM-1 after long term delapril treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Long term treatment of SHR with delapril hydrochloride reduced blood pressure, which was associated with regression of cardiac hypertrophy, and changed the ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern without significantly affecting myocardial contractility.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
[A case of malignant syndrome with leukoencephalopathy due to cocaine abuse].
We report a rare case of malignant syndrome with leukoencephalopathy due to cocaine abuse. The patient was a 22-year-old man. After nasally ingesting 4.2 g of cocaine, he developed coma, high grade fever of 39 degrees C, excessive sweating, muscular rigidity, and elevation of CK to 61,240 mU/ml. Although these symptoms improved in about 2 weeks, diffuse low density area of the cerebral white matter was observed in CT scan, and T2-weighted MRI revealed a high signal intensity area. Since disorientation and abnormal behavior appeared on the 24th hospital day after a lucid interval, sulpiride and haloperidol were administered. The patient again had fever, akinetic mutisn, severe muscular rigidity and excessive sweating. This patient has malignant syndrome associated with a wide-ranging lesion of the cerebral white matter as a result of cocaine abuse. And then antipsychotic drugs were administered for mental symptoms that recurred after a lucid interval, and second bouts of neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurred. There have been only a few reports on malignant syndrome due to cocaine, and there have been no reports on leukoencephalopathy due to cocaine or malignant syndrome.
Adult↗
In vivo microscopic observation of fatty liver grafts after reperfusion.
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Animals↗
Myocardial contractility and energetics in cardiac hypertrophy and its regression.
The changes in myocardial contractility and ventricular myosin isoenzymes were investigated in rats with pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy as well as during its regression. Hypertrophic myocardium was obtained from rats with renovascular hypertension (Goldblatt rats), rats with abdominal aortic constriction (AC), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Regression of cardiac hypertrophy was induced by lowering the blood pressure through nephrectomy on the affected side in Goldblatt rats, by opening the clip which constricted the abdominal aorta in AC rats, and by the administration of antihypertensive agents to SHR. The isometric developed tension of isolated left ventricular papillary muscles and the maximum rate of increase in the tension (dT/dtmax) were measured. Left ventricular myosin isoenzymes were separated by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. Isometric developed tension remained unchanged, but dT/dtmax was decreased in hypertrophic myocardium, although it recovered along with the regression of cardiac hypertrophy. The left ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern was shifted towards V3 in hypertrophic myocardium, and shifted back again towards V1 with the regression of cardiac hypertrophy. These results indicate that relief of hemodynamic overload is one of the most important elements in the regression of cardiac hypertrophy and the associated physiological or biochemical alterations. However, other factors such as neurohumoral influences must also be taken into consideration.
Animals↗
Beneficial effect of ACE inhibitor in congestive heart failure.
The effects of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on congestive heart failure (CHF) were investigated in animal and clinical studies. Congestive heart failure was induced in rats by a combination of pressure and volume overload. Cardiac pressure overload was induced by constricting one renal artery (Goldblatt rat) and volume overload was induced by aorto-caval fistula. Captopril (100 mg/kg/day) was then administered for 14 weeks. Isometric contraction was assessed using isolated left ventricular papillary muscles. The maximum developed tension and the maximum rate of increase in tension (dT/dtmax) were decreased in untreated rats with CHF and improved in captopril-treated rats. The left ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern was shifted towards V3 in untreated rats with CHF, and was shifted back towards V1 in the captopril-treated rats. In the clinical study, captopril (37.5-75 mg/day) was administered to patients with cardiomyopathy for 12 months. There was no effect on left ventricular mass in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve disappeared in one patient. In dilated cardiomyopathy, however, left ventricular mass tended to decrease. These results indicate that captopril has a beneficial effect in congestive heart failure.
Animals↗
Abnormalities of ADP/ATP carrier protein in J-2-N cardiomyopathic hamsters.
ADP/ATP carrier protein (AAC) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and has an important function in mitochondrial energy supply. This protein transports ATP to the cytoplasm and counter transports ADP into the mitochondria. J-2-N cardiomyopathic hamsters were investigated to determine the AAC content in cardiac mitochondria. After recording an electrocardiogram and collecting blood, the cardiac mitochondria were isolated. The mitochondrial membranes were labelled with eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) and separated on SDS polyacrylamide gels. The position of the AAC component was identified by exposing the gel under UV light, and the AAC content was determined by densitometry after staining with Coomassie blue. The AAC content ratio was significantly decreased in both 10-week-old and 1-year survived J-2-N hamsters when compared to control Golden hamster. Among 10-week-old J-2-N hamsters, the decrease in the AAC content ratio was more marked for the animals with more severe myocardial damage. The H(+)-ATPase activities of mitochondrial membrane were higher in 10-week-old J-2-N hamsters than in control hamsters. These results suggest that the decrease of AAC in J-2-N hamster plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in J-2-N hamsters.
Animals↗
Mitochondrial DNA deletion in human myocardium.
Mutation of myocardial mitochondrial DNA was investigated in human left ventricles obtained at autopsy using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seventeen autopsy cases were examined, including patients with diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, cancer, and other diseases. Two cases of diabetes mellitus, 2 of myocardial infarction, and 1 of pulmonary fibrosis showed a 7.4 kb deletion of myocardial mitochondrial DNA. Primer shift PCR confirmed that an amplified DNA fragment had not been obtained by misannealing of the primers. It is unclear how much these findings are related to the severity or prognosis of the various diseases, but they indicate that mutation of myocardial mitochondrial DNA can occur in other diseases besides cardiomyopathy, although the influence of aging could not be excluded.
Aging↗
Bioluminescent immunoassay with a protein A-luciferase fusion protein.
Protein A and firefly luciferase were genetically fused and the resulting fusion protein was applied to a bioluminescent immunoassay. The gene fusion plasmid, pMALU2, was constructed by inserting the structural gene of luciferase into a protein A expression vector, and was expressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting fusion protein of molecular weight 91 kDa retained not only the enzymatic activity of luciferase but also the binding capability of protein A to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The bioluminescent immunoassay was performed with the fusion protein and human IgG was determined in the concentration range from 10(-3) to 10(-7) g/ml.
Escherichia coli↗
Hypothermic prevention of the hippocampal damage following ischemia in Mongolian gerbils comparison between intraischemic and brief postischemic hypothermia.
The protective effect on ischemic hippocampal damage was compared between intra- and postischemic hypothermia in Mongolian gerbils and its regional preference was evaluated. Male Mongolian gerbils were subjected to transient forebrain ischemia and the hippocampus 7 days after ischemia was examined histologically. In the intraischemic hypothermia (29-31 degrees C) group, CA1 damage was completely prevented in spite of spontaneous postischemic hyperthermia. In contrast, the same degree of brief postischemic hypothermia exerted no preventive effect. While neurons in the subiculum and CA2 sector were also protected against ischemic damage by intraischemic hypothermia, injured pyramidal neurons were always seen in the CA4 sector.
Animals↗
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of submandibular gland origin.
A case of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) in the submandibular gland is reported. A 72 year old woman presented with a 5 year history of a gradually expanding tumor in the submandibular region. The surgical specimen revealed a relatively well demarcated tumor, 35 x 35 x 20 mm in size. Macroscopically, necrosis and hemorrhage were not seen in the solid tumor. Histologically, the tumor growth pattern was variable, composed of tubular, papillary, solid, trabecular and cribriform structures. Immunohistochemically, some tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S-100 protein, keratin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Electron microscopically, prominent microvilli projected into the luminal spaces, and basal lamina and hemidesmosomes were seen in the tumor cells adjacent to the connective tissues. The submandibular gland is an extremely rare location for PLGA. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of its kind reported in the English literature.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Partial trisomy for short arm of chromosome 5.
We present two unrelated cases of partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 5, the first such cases reported in Japan. The features are characterized by hypertelorism, low set ears, arachnodactyly, laryngostenosis, hypotonia and some cerebral malformation. The characteristic facial expression and arachnodactyly are the key features used to diagnose this disorder. A high-resolution chromosome banding technique showed that the karyotype of the first patient was 46,XX,inv dup(5) (p13.1-->p15.3) de novo and that of the second patient was 46,XX,dir dup(5) (p13.3-->p15.2) de novo. The similar symptoms in the two cases, despite the difference in karyotypes, were caused by duplication of 5p including segment 5p13. This would be a key site for this disorder.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗