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Biomedical subjects

T Itoh

Publications and source records attributed to T Itoh.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Aortic root reconstruction in elderly patients].

Operative indications for aortic root reconstruction generally include aortic root aneurysm, root destruction in acute dissection, extensive annular abscess in infective endocarditis, and small aortic annuls. In elderly patients, Bentall operation with bioprosthesis should be one of the standard operation because bioprosthesis in aortic position demonstrated excellent long-term valve durability. Freestyle aortic bioprosthesis has been increasingly implanted as a full root replacement in elderly patients with small aortic annuls and carcified aortic root. When aortic valve is nearly normal, valve-sparing aortic root replacement can be an ideal operation without need for prosthetic valve. Indication for valve-sparing operation should be considered when the patient is physically and socially active and does not carry significant comorbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Epstein-barr virus detection in tumors of upper gastrointestinal tract. An in situ hybridization study in Pakistan.

To examine the potential role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the carcinogenesis of upper gastrointestinal tract, we conducted an in situ hybridization assay for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) expression in the tumors of 56 oral and 50 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases, and 52 stomach adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed in the King Edward Medical College and Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, Pakistan between 1996-2002. There were no malignancies with positive EBER expression in oral and esophageal SCC. Only one out of the 52 gastric adenocarcinoma cases (1.9%) was positive for EBER expression, and this frequency was relatively low as compared to cases reported worldwide. The case was a 42 year-old male patient and histologically classified as moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the frequency of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma was relatively low in Pakistan. The present study could not confirm the involvement of EBV in the carcinogenesis of oral and esophageal SCC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

WT1 expression level and clinical factors in multiple myeloma.

Although Wilm's Tuomor gene (WT1) was first identified as a tumor suppressor gene for Wilm's tumor, WT1 overexpression has been detected in different malignant cell types including leukemia. Increased expression of WT1 in acute leukemia is potentially used as a marker of minimal residual disease. However, the significance of the gene for multiple myeloma is still not clear. To determine the clinical relevance of WT1 expression in multiple myeloma, we examined the association of clinical parameters and WT1 expression in bone marrow for 17 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. WT1 was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and calculated standardized WT1 expression level per 100 plasma cells in the bone marrow specimen as "corrected WT1". The expression of standardized WT1 and corrected WT1 in myeloma was 59 to 1,600 copies/microg RNA and 0.05 to 406.3 copies/microg RNA/100 plasma cells, respectively, lower than in leukemia. WT1 transcripts increased when clinical factors worsen, including the stage, amount of M protein, Hb, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, beta2-microglobulin, thymidine kinase activity (TK), and C-reactive protein (CRP). In conclusion, the expression level of WT1 could be an additional marker to the standard parameters considered in risk assessment for multiple myeloma.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

DARPP-32 expression arises after a phase of dysplasia in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

This is the first report to correlate DARPP-32 immunoreactivity (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, M(r) 32 000) to clinicopathological status in human cancer. DARPP-32 is recognised as a neuronal protein. A recent study demonstrated that DARPP-32, and a truncated isoform t-DARPP, are overexpressed in gastric carcinoma during the process of carcinogenesis. The biological function of DARPP-32, however, is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of DARPP-32 and t-DARPP in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Initially, we investigated DARPP-32 and t-DARPP expression in OSCC cell lines by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. DARPP-32 expression was observed in four out of seven (57.1%) cell lines, but t-DARPP expression was not observed in any cell lines. In oesophageal tissue sample, DARPP-32 expression was observed in four out of seven (57.1%) tumour tissues, while t-DARPP was not observed in any tissues. Subsequently, DARPP expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody, in tissue sections from 122 patients with primary OSCC. DARPP immunoreactivity was not observed in any normal oesophageal mucous membranes. On the other hand, positive DARPP immunostaining was detected in 37 patients (30.3%) and correlated inversely with pathologic stage (P=0.0284), pT (P=0.0438), pN (P=0.0303) and tumour size (P=0.012). The overall survival rate was worse in patients with DARPP-negative tumours than in patients with DARPP-positive tumours (P=0.0453). Interestingly, DARPP expression was observed in only one out of 45 cases of dysplasia. These observations suggest that DARPP-32 (rather than t-DARPP) expression arises after a phase of dysplasia in OSCC, and that tumours expressing DARPP-32 progress less rapidly than DARPP-32-negative tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Regulation of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and ENTH proteins.

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis starts by a recruitment of endocytic proteins to the plasma membrane to induce invagination of lipid bilayer and subsequent vesicule formation. The recruitment of these components requires PtdIns(4,5)P2, a phosphoinositide on the plasma membrane. Although it is well known that the synthesis as well as the disruption of this lipid is important, recent studies have revealed the indispensable roles of direct interaction between PtdIns(4,5)P2 and the endocytic machinery. The ENTH domain is a newly found PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding unit conserved among endocytic proteins like epsins, AP180, and the Hip1/Sla2 family. This review focuses on the essential roles of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its specific binding partner, the ENTH domain, in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Over-expression of E2F-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with tumor progression.

The transcription factor E2F-1, a downstream regulator of the p16-cyclinD-Rb pathway, is required for cell cycle progression. Evidence shows that overexpression of E2F-1 can either promote or inhibit the development of tumors, depending on tissue or experimental conditions. However, the clinical impact of E2F-1 expression on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. To analyze E2F-1 expression in ESCC, we investigated the immunoreactivity of E2F-1 and its correlation with clinicopathological features in 122 patients who underwent surgical resection for ESCC. Positive E2F-1 immunostaining was detected in 73 patients (59.8%). Positive E2F-1 immunostaining correlated positively with pathologic stage (P = 0.0103), p-Grade (P = 0.0014) and pT (P = 0.0192). The overall survival rate was worse in patients with E2F-1-positive tumors than in patients with E2F-1-negative tumors (P = 0.0290). Over-expression of E2F-1 is associated with tumor progression and a worse prognosis after surgery in ESCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Novel strategy for thoracoabdomianl aortic aneurysm repair; intraoperative selective perfusion of the Adamkiewicz artery].

We report our method for delineating the Adamkiewicz artery using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) with selective perfusion using a distal perfusion cannula that is clinically available for off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). The tip of a distal perfusion catheter (Medtronic Quickflow, Minneapolis) designed for OPCAB was applicable for selective perfusion of the segmental arteries. The femoro-femoral venoarterial bypass was branched off into selective perfusion of the segmental arteries, using an independent roller pump and heat exchanger. Our method of visualization of the Adamkiewicz artery was MDCT scanning with injection of contrast medium directly into the proximal descending aorta: namely, "CT during aortography". Lower descending aorta to abdominal aorta (the range involving the aneurysm) was scanned in a cephalad-to-caudal direction using a detector collimation of 4 x 1.25 mm with a table speed of 9.4 mm/sec, pitch of 6, and image thickness of 1.25 mm. All images were reviewed on a workstation to investigate the continuity between the Adamkiewicz artery and its proximal segmental artery with paging, mulitplanar reformation and curved planar reformation. Distal perfusion cannulae of 2.0 mm in diameter were inserted into the respective intercostal arteries. 4-0 polyethylene sutures were placed to tourniquet the catheters. Segmental arteries were perfused with total flow of approximately 80 ml/min at a circuit pressure of 120 mmHg. Reattachment of the ninth intercostal arteries related to the Adamkiewicz artery was carried out. A total of 6 consecutive 6 patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) have undergone graft replacement by the methods described, since April 2002. All patients survived surgery without any neurological complications. This method is expected to minimize the ischemic time of the spinal cord and attenuate the reperfusion injury.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors associated with perioperative myocardial damage in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

AIM: Few studies have been performed about the risk factors associated with perioperative myocardial damage in patients undergoing valve surgery for severe aortic stenosis. METHODS: To assess the prevalence of perioperative myocardial damage, we studied 103 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis. Perioperative myocardial damage (PMD) was diagnosed by both enzymatic data of peak creatine kinase iso-enzyme (CK-MB) and new appearance of electrocardiographic abnormality. PMD was noticed in 16 patients, and PMD was not noticed in 87 patients. A stepwise multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate predictors of PMD in several categorized parameters such as preoperative data, cardioplegic delivery method, and aortic clamping time. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis identified that cardioplegic delivery method, preoperative left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and aortic clamping time were independent predictors of PMD. The incidence of PMD in the combined antegrade and continuous retrograde delivery method was significantly lower than that in antegrade delivery method (odds ratio 0.11, CI 0.02-0.61, p=0.011). The peak CK-MB value of the combined antegrade and retrograde method was significantly lower than that of the antegrade method (48+/-24 vs 71+/-50 IU/L; p=0.009). The peak lactate-dehydrogenase value of the combined method was significantly lower than that of the antegrade method (590+/-249 vs 1058+/-656 IU/L; p<0.001). The combined method decreased the incidence of PMD in patients with increased total wall thickness. CONCLUSION: Cardioplegic delivery method, LV total wall thickness, and aortic clamping time were independent predictors for PMD. Combined antegrade and continuous retrograde delivery method may be an important factor to obtain adequate myocardial protection.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical significance of immune cell infiltration within gallbladder cancer.

To investigate the pathophysiological significance of infiltrating antitumour immune cells, we evaluated the quantity of immune cell intratumoral infiltration in 110 surgically resected gallbladder specimens by immunohistochemistry. We examined 45 cases of gallbladder cancer and 65 cases of benign gallbladder diseases for CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, natural killer cells (NKCs), and dendritic cells (DCs). High levels of CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, NKC, and DC infiltration were recognised in 51.1% (23 out of 45), 37.8% (17 out of 45), 33.3% (15 out of 45), and 48.9% (22 out of 45) of cancer specimens, respectively. High numbers of infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells correlated with decreasing tumour invasion, and high numbers of infiltrating DCs correlated with decreasing lymph-node tumour metastasis. Furthermore, increased infiltration of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and DCs exhibited a significant correlation with prolonged survival. NKC infiltration, however, did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological factors examined. Additionally, high levels of infiltration were not identified in specimens from benign diseases, consistent with the cancer-specific activity of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and DCs. In this study, we demonstrate that CD4(+) and CD8(+) tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte and DCs, but not NKCs, are important factors in the accurate prognosis of survival after surgical removal of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible-factor 1alpha(HIF-1alpha) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with lymph node metastasis and pathologic stage.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and histopathologic significance of hypoxia-inducible-factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred and thirty surgically resected specimens of OSCC were immunohistochemically assessed for HIF-1alpha expression with monoclonal antibody. High HIF-1alpha immunostaining was detected in 40 specimens. The percentage of high HIF-1alpha expression cases increased with tumour stage according to pTNM system. High HIF-1alpha expression correlated with pTNM stage, depth of tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion and positive surgical margin. The overall survival rate was worse in patients with high HIF-1alpha pattern than in patients with low-expression pattern. Univariate analyses identified high HIF-1alpha positivity, depth of tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and a positive surgical margin as risk factors. Multivariate analyses indicated that depth of tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and positive surgical margin, but not HIF-1alpha, were independent prognostic factors. Survival in patients with a high HIF-1alpha expression was significantly worse than in those with low expression in patient treated with adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Caveolin-I overexpression is a favourable prognostic factor for patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

Extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EBDC) is a malignancy well known for its poor prognosis. Some clinicopathological prognostic markers have been proposed, but genetic factors have not been well investigated. We have examined expression patterns of caveolin-1, which has been shown to function as a tumour suppressor in vitro, in EBDC using immunohistochemistry. Normal tissues adjacent to the tumour cells did not show immunoreactivity for caveolin-1. A total of 22 of the 60-carcinoma tissue samples (36.7%) studied were positive for caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 immunostaining negatively correlated with the patient's age and pathological T factor (pT) in a statistically significant manner. Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model identified caveolin-1 expression as an independent positive prognostic factor. Thus, our study suggests that caveolin-1 expression may be a useful prognostic marker for EBDC.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Intra-arterial injection of prolactin-releasing peptide elevates prolactin gene expression and plasma prolactin levels in rainbow trout.

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), recently isolated from the brain of mammals and teleosts, is a strong candidate for being a stimulatory hormone of pituitary prolactin secretion. The present study examined whether or not PrRP is capable of inducing prolactin gene expression and elevating plasma prolactin levels in vivo in cannulated rainbow trout. Following a single intra-arterial injection of chum salmon PrRP (40 nmol kg(-1)) through a dorsal aorta catheter, plasma prolactin levels increased (P<0.05) rapidly (2 min and 30 min), and prolactin mRNA levels were elevated (P<0.05) in pituitaries sampled 8 h after the injection. In contrast, plasma levels of somatolactin were decreased (P<0.05) and growth hormone and somatolactin mRNA levels were not significantly affected by PrRP. Thus, PrRP appears to be a potent prolactin secretagogue as well as prolactin transcription inducer in vivo in the rainbow trout.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Mapping of 1400 expressed sequence tags in the bovine genome using a somatic cell hybrid panel.

A bovine/hamster hybrid cell panel consisting of 30 independent hybrids was developed to locate genes. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of 279 microsatellites on the cattle linkage map in this panel revealed the presence of all chromosomes in either entire or fragmented form. Among primer pairs prepared from bovine 3'-expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 1400 ESTs were assigned to specific chromosomes, of which 1303 were newly assigned in this study, and mapped 854 (61%) to 1 of 192 chromosomal segments using this panel. The regional mapping of new genes to cattle chromosomes can be rapidly achieved using this panel.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Caldisphaera lagunensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermoacidophilic crenarchaeote isolated from a hot spring at Mt Maquiling, Philippines.

Four novel, thermoacidophilic, crenarchaeotic cocci that grew anaerobically and heterotrophically were isolated from an acidic hot spring in the Philippines; two representative strains were characterized in detail. Most cells were regular cocci, 0.8-1.1 microm in width, which occurred singly or in pairs. They were non-motile and grew at 45-80 degrees C (optimum 70-75 degrees C) and pH 2.3-5.4 (optimum 3.5-4.0). They utilized starch, glycogen, gelatin, beef extract, yeast extract and peptone as carbon and energy sources. Growth was stimulated by the presence of sulfur as an electron acceptor. The lipid fraction contained cyclic and acyclic tetraether core lipids. The DNA G + C content was 31 mol%; phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the novel cocci represent an independent lineage in the phylum Crenarchaeota, distantly related to Acidilobus aceticus and an allied strain, NC12. Caldisphaera lagunensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the four strains. The type strain is IC-154T (=JCM 11604T=MCC-UPLB 1331T=ANMR 0165T).

Base Composition↗
PubMed2003

[Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for acute coronary syndrome with preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping; comparative surgical outcome and long-term results].

With recent technical improvements in catheter interventional therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has now become the treatment of first choice for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate critically the timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for severe ACS with preoperative intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP). Since 1994, a total of 70 patients have gone emergency or urgent CABG for ACS. Of 70 patients, 50 patients required preoperative IABP. There were 22 patients (17 men, 5 women) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with a mean age of 67.7 years, and 28 patients (19 men, 9 women) with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), with a mean age of 69.2 years. There was a significant difference, between AMI and UAP, in the prevalence of emergency operation (95.5% vs 25.0%), in preoperative cardiogenic shock (81.8% vs 17.9%), in the level of preoperative CPK-MB (196.7 IU/l vs 2.0 IU/l) and in preoperative ejection fraction (41.8% vs 47.3%). Two patients in AMI required percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). Thirteen patients in AMI and 22 patients in UAP presented left main trunk (LMT) disease. Of the 13 LMT patients in AMI, 4 patients were AMI due to acute occlusion in the LMT. The AMI patients received 2.45 distal anastomoses on average, while the UAP patients 3.14 distal anastomoses (p = 0.019). Excluding the mean number of distal anastomoses, there was no difference in the intraoperative technical factors, such as aortic cross clamping duration, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, rate of complete revascularization, between AMI and UAP. There were postoperative significant differences in low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) [45.6% in AMI vs 3.6% in UAP] and in prolongation of mechanical ventilation (59.1% in AMI vs 14.3% in UAP). The hospital mortality was 9.1% (2/22) in AMI, and 3.6% (1/28) in UAP, with no significant difference. Of these 3 patients, 1 patient died from perioperative cerebrovascular accident (CVA), another from LOS, and the other from postoperative mesenteric ischemia, with an overall mortality of 6.0% (3/50). The overall patency rate of the grafts was 100% in AMI and 96.6% in UAP. The 5-year-survival rate excluding in-hospital death was 72.5% in AMI, and 89.6% in UAP. The 5-year-cardiac event-free rate was 77% in AMI and 89.4% in UAP. The overall survival rate, and cardiac event-free rate, at 5 years was 80.8%, and 83.8%, respectively. In conclusion, for ACS cases, especially UAP cases of LMT, in which symptoms, findings of ischemia and hemodynamics are stabilized by medical intervention including IABP; emergency surgery could be avoided immediately after coronary angiography. Recovery in the ischemic myocardium is intended by IABP, and urgent surgery should be performed after sufficient and precise preoperative examinations. An improvement not only in the perioperative but also long-term results can be expected by performing complete revascularizations.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Left atrial thrombus without mitral disease; report of a case].

A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of surgical treatment for mass in the left atrium(LA). Echocardiography and computed tomography(CT) revealed mobile mass in LA which had stalk at the left atrial appendage. It was difficult to distinguish myxoma from thrombus. LA mass has risk of sudden circulatory collapse and systemic emboli, so it is indicated for emergent operation. Mass resection with appendage was performed through the transseptal superior incision using cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological diagnosis was thrombus. Most of LA thrombus were complicated with mitral stenosis, LA thrombus without mitral disease is rare. A few authors reported the useful of CT and echocardiography, but we could not lead to precise diagnosis from preoperative image.

Aged↗