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Biomedical subjects

T Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to T Ishida.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody specific to virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens of Rhodococcus equi.

Virulent Rhodococcus equi produces 15- to 17-kDa surface protein antigens. These antigens are used as markers to identify virulent R. equi isolates from foals and their environment by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with naturally infected foal serum. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; 10G5) was generated against the 15- to 17-kDa antigens excised from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to develop sensitive and specific immunoblot assays for the identification of virulent R. equi. MAb 10G5 strongly reacted with R. equi ATCC 33701 and L1, which expressed 15- to 17-kDa antigens by Western blot, colony blot, and dot immunobinding assays, but it did not react with strains ATCC 33701P- and L1P-, which lacked the antigens. For identification of virulent R. equi, clinical and environmental isolates were tested by these assays with the MAb, and all virulent strains were successfully identified; these strains possessed virulence plasmids. These results suggest that the MAb is a useful reagent for the identification of virulent R. equi.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pelvic endometriosis: detection and diagnosis with chemical shift MR imaging.

Fat-saturation magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detection and characterization of pelvic endometriosis was prospectively investigated in 35 women with a clinical diagnosis of the disease. Large endometrioma was diagnosed when the lesion was larger than 1 cm in diameter and hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted images. Small endometrioma was diagnosed when a well-demarcated hyperintense lesion less than 1 cm in diameter was seen on T1-weighted or fat-saturated T1-weighted images. Surgery performed after MR imaging revealed a normal pelvis in six patients, endometriosis in 26 (33 large and 19 small endometriomas), and other cystic lesions in three. Conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging accurately demonstrated 27 of 33 large endometriomas and two of 19 small endometriomas. Fat-saturation T1-weighted imaging in combination with conventional technique accurately demonstrated 30 of 33 large and nine of 19 small endometriomas. Diagnostic accuracy was improved with addition of fat-saturated images, so their use together with conventional images is recommended in assessment of endometriosis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Sarcoid reactions in regional lymph nodes of primary lung cancer.

A 66-year-old woman diagnosed as having primary lung cancer with an enlargement of the mediastinal, subcarinal and bilateral hilar lymph nodes underwent a thoracotomy after preoperative chemotherapy. The histological examination showed a moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe without any metastases to the regional lymph nodes; however, non-caseous epithelioid granulomas without necrosis were observed in the nodes. These changes were considered to be sarcoid reactions, since no other physiological and laboratory findings compatible with systemic sarcoidosis were observed. The histological findings suggested the possibility that the regional lymph nodes were not involved with the tumor cells at the time of lung cancer diagnosis. Despite the rarity of this condition, sarcoid reactions in the regional lymph nodes must be kept in mind when an enlargement of bilateral hilar lymph nodes is detected in patients with lung cancer, and a good prognosis may be expected in cases with sarcoid reactions in the regional lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

Early squamous lung cancer and longer survival rates.

The criteria for early squamous lung cancer remain open to discussion as patients who have been treated for early stage lung cancer, such as T1N0M0, and appear to have been cured clinically may die from recurrent or metastatic tumors. We reviewed the pathological data on 242 surgical patients with squamous lung cancer and found 31 cases (13%) of early lung cancer, included were early lung cancer of the hilar type as a lesion restricted to the bronchial wall without lymph node involvement, and early lung cancer of the peripheral type as a lesion of less than 2 cm and surrounded by visceral pleura but without lymph node involvement. Of 89 patients with hilar-type squamous lung cancer, 17 (19%) had early lung cancer, and 14 (9%) of 153 patients with peripheral-type squamous lung cancer had early lung cancer (p < 0.05). For early lung cancer of the hilar type, all but 1 (94%) were detected using sputum cytologic study and bronchoscopy. For early lung cancer of the peripheral type, all were detected on chest X-ray, but 57% were cytologically proven to be malignant. The 5-year survival rate for patients with early lung cancer, according to this new criteria is 90%; 92% for the hilar type and 88% for the peripheral type. Thus, classification of early squamous lung cancer is pertinent for determining the prognosis and selection of treatment. We emphasize that efforts be made to detect early lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular conformation of patellamide A, a cytotoxic cyclic peptide from the ascidian Lissoclinum patella, by X-ray crystal analysis.

As part of a series of investigations into the conformational stability of a C2-symmetric or related cyclic peptide isolated from the ascidian Lissoclinum patella, the molecular conformation of patellamide A, the chemical structure of which deviates slightly for C2-symmetry, was determined by X-ray crystal analysis. Patellamide A took on a saddle-shaped rectangular form and wrapped around the water and methanol solvents. This conformation which is very similar to that of C2-symmetric ascidiacyclamide would be proposed as a possible candidate for biologically "active" conformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Recognition of nucleic acid base by tryptophan-containing peptides: spectroscopic study on interaction of N-acetylTrp-(Gly)m-Asp-(Gly)n-TrpNHCH3 (m = 0-2, n = 0-2) with guanine base.

As part of the designs of tryptophan-containing peptides which possess specific binding ability for each nucleic acid base, a series of N-acetylTrp-(Gly)m-Asp-(Gly)n-TrpNHCH3 (m = 0-2, n = 0-2) were chemically synthesized, and their abilities to form complexes with a guanine base were examined by the fluorescence and 1H-NMR methods. Fluorescence titration suggested the most preferential stacking interaction of the Trp-Gly-Asp-Trp sequence with the base. Analysis of low-field shifts of guanine N2-amino protons showed the hydrogen bond pairing with the Asp carboxyl side chain and its favorable formation for the -Gly-Asp-Trp peptide sequence. On the other hand, the largest up-field shift of guanine H8 proton was observed for Trp-Gly-Asp-Trp peptide, although its shifting degree caused by the stacking interaction with the Trp indole ring was not so significant. Thus, both spectroscopic methods indicated the Trp-Gly-Asp-Trp sequence to be most suitable for the guanine base recognition, which is constituted with the intimate cooperation of the hydrogen bond formation between the Asp carboxyl and guanine NH2 groups and the stacking interaction of the base with two neighboring Trp indole rings. This sequence preference would also be possible in acidic circumstances where the guanine N7 atom is protonated. A tentative interaction model is proposed based on these spectroscopic results.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Dehatrine, an antimalarial bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from the Indonesian medicinal plant Beilschmiedia madang, isolated as a mixture of two rotational isomers.

Through bioassay-guided separations of the chemical constituents of the Indonesian medicinal plant Beilschmiedia madang BL. a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid was obtained as the major antimalarial principle. The physicochemical properties of the alkaloid were consistent with the proposed structure of dehatrine. However, the alkaloid isolated by us was shown to be a mixture of two rotational isomers. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1 has shown that two rotamers are incorporated in a single crystal in 1:1 ratio. The complex NMR spectrum of 1 has also been defined as a mixture of two rotamers by extensive use of 2D (COSY and COLOC) techniques. Dehatrine has been shown to significantly inhibit the growth of cultured Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain (cholorquine resistant) with similar activity to quinine.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Ovarian cystic teratomas: value of chemical fat saturation magnetic resonance imaging.

Chemical fat saturation (FS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the characterization of ovarian cystic teratoma was evaluated in 19 patients with 22 lesions. The tumour was evaluated for signal intensity, location and size; the presence of chemical shift artefact, debris and fat-fluid level. Ovarian cystic teratoma was diagnosed prospectively if the mass contained fat and/or more than one type of internal pattern on (1) SE T1-, T2-, (2) SE T1-, T2-, FS T1-weighted images. A correct diagnosis was reached in 17 of 22 tumours on conventional T1- and T2-weighted images, and in 21 of 22 tumours when fat-saturation images were added. When fat-saturation images were added, four of five tumours misdiagnosed on conventional images were then correctly diagnosed. These tumours contained only small amounts of fat. Fat-saturation images could detect smaller amounts of fat than conventional images. However, one tumour did not show decreased intensity on fat saturation images, and was not diagnosed even when fat-saturation images were added. Fat saturation images have been shown to be of value in diagnosing cystic teratomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pathologic features of acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.

Five specific pathogen free cats were inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolated in Japan to observe changes toward development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-like disease. All inoculated cats had lymphadenopathy and mild respiratory disease shortly after inoculation. Following the initial acute phase lasting for more than 40 weeks, the clinical signs gradually diminished in three animals, and the asymptomatic carrier (AC) stage was observed at 45 (1 cat) and 70 (2 cats) weeks postinoculation (p.i.). Two of the three cats developed respiratory signs and diarrhea at 105 or 106 weeks p.i. One cat died at 121 weeks p.i. with severe wasting, with necropsy findings consistent with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The others were surviving at 150 weeks p.i. with mild clinical signs or asymptomatic. Another group of two cats developed more severe illness without the AC phase. One died at 48 weeks p.i. with the ARC illness. The other cat developed marked emaciation with diarrhea at 75 weeks p.i., and died at 100 weeks p.i. with a histologic diagnosis suggestive of terminal immunodeficiency. Histologically, the lymph nodes showed serial changes toward the terminal illness, from follicular hyperplasia at the acute phase to the lymphoid depletion at the ARC and AIDS-like terminal stages. The FIV antigen was demonstrated in the lymph nodes. The virus was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all the inoculated animals. These data demonstrated possible etiologic association of FIV with development of AIDS-like disorders in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

FK-506: a new immunosuppressive agent, failed to reduce cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

To define the relationship between the immunologic reaction and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm (VS) following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we examined the effect of a cell mediated immunosuppressive agent, FK-506, isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, by using the canine SAH model. There was a significant vasoconstriction in the basilar artery in the control group after SAH. This constriction, however was not successfully prevented by FK-506 or combination of FK-506 and steroid, since there was no significant difference in the vessel caliber size among these groups. The pathologic approach, accompanied by immunohistochemistry, could not discriminate the differences in the nature of the lesion between the untreated group and FK-506 treated groups, except for slight lymphocytic infiltrations present around the basilar artery of untreated group. Histopathologically, inflammatory reactions consisting of neutrophils, that were not suppressed by FK-506 treatment, were clearly seen around the spastic vessels in the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, several constrictive changes or degenerative alterations were also observed in the spastic vascular wall. Immunohistochemically, the deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 was present in the intima and the luminal side of the smooth muscle layer, and capillary vessels of the brain stem. It is considered that this deposition was caused by increased vascular permeability in VS. On the basis of the above findings that the cell mediated immunosuppressive agent, FK-506 failed to prevent vasoconstriction or pathologic lesions but lymphocytic infiltrations, it is considered that the cell mediated immunopathogenesis may play little role in producing VS following SAH.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Primary aldosteronism with ipsilateral adrenal cyst: report of a case.

Adrenal cysts are rare; most lack endocrinologic activity and do not produce clinical symptoms. The present case is the first to be reported with both an adrenal cyst and a functioning adenoma present ipsilaterally. This 39-year-old male with hypertension was diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism as reflected by hypokalemia and an excess plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC). However, examination by computed tomography revealed a grossly enlarged left adrenal gland with a cyst-like lesion. The right adrenal appeared normal. At surgery, an adenoma and a cyst were found to coexist in the left adrenal cortex. The cyst fluid contained three times the amount of aldosterone present in plasma, less than in previous reports, and was considered to lack endocrinologic activity. Following a left adrenectomy, the patient's blood pressure, serum potassium concentration, and PAC all normalized without the need for medical treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Absence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type-1 (HTLV-1) in different populations of Mongolia.

The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type-1 (HTLV-1) was surveyed in Mongolia. A total of 1100 blood samples from different ethnic groups of the Mongolian population were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV-1 by serological tests using particle agglutination and immunofluorescence. All sera tested proved negative and Mongolian populations are therefore considered to be free from HTLV-1 infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

High prevalence of HTLV antibodies in wild-caught bonnet monkeys in southern India.

The prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type-1 antibodies was determined in the bonnet monkeys, living naturally, within about 30 km radius of Vellore (south India). Sera from 157 animals, collected between January 1982 and May 1993 were screened for the presence of HTLV-I infection by a particle agglutination test (PAT). When sera repeatedly reactive in PAT were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence and western blot tests, 63 (40%) were confirmed to be positive for HTLV-1 antibody. These findings are significant in the light of recent reports that HTLV infection is endemic to southern India.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1993

Erythrocyte sodium cannot predict hypotensive effects of calcium channel blockers.

Antihypertensive efficacy of the calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine, was investigated in 21 patients with essential hypertension in relation to the intracellular sodium concentration ([Na]i) in erythrocytes and clinical variables, such as age, body weight, pretreatment blood pressure and plasma renin activity. Dihydropyridine nilvadipine reduced mean blood pressure from 120 +/- 6 to 106 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.01). The hypotensive effect of nilvadipine was positively correlated with age (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with plasma renin activity (r = -0.62, p < 0.01), but was not correlated with erythrocyte [Na]i or any other indices. Erythrocyte [Na]i was decreased with nilvadipine treatment (8.27 +/- 1.69 to 7.97 +/- 1.49 mM, p < 0.01). However, no link was found between the change in [Na]i and the hypotensive effect of the drug. In conclusion, the antihypertensive efficacy of nilvadipine was predictable by age and renin status, but not by erythrocyte [Na]i. A significant role of reduction of [Na]i in the hypotensive effect of the calcium channel blockers was not detected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of Swyer-James syndrome].

Case 1: 55-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for further examination of increased transparency of X-ray in the left lower lung. He had history of pneumonia in his childhood. Left bronchography revealed mild cylindrical bronchi-ectasia in the proximal bronchi but poor filling by contrast in the peripheral bronchi. Case 2: 61-year-old male was referred to our hospital with palpitation and dyspnea. Chest X-ray film revealed hyperlucency of the left lower lung. The ventilation scan showed a marked decrease in ventilation to the left lung and air trapping was present in the left lung. The perfusion scan showed a matched decrease in blood supply to the left lung. In both cases, pulmonary arteriogram showed narrowed and withered-tree-like left pulmonary arteries. From these clinical findings, we diagnosed these two cases as Swyer-James syndrome. We are reporting two cases of Swyer-James syndrome and describing the clinical feature, differential diagnosis and etiology of the syndrome.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1993

Mediastinal tumor and application of thoracoscopic surgery.

Thoracoscopic resection of a mediastinal tumor or cyst was done in three patients: two with neurogenic tumors and one with a bronchogenic cyst. The tumors and cyst showed evidence of a discrete plane on computed tomography of the chest. The mean operation time and estimated blood loss were 156 min and 45 g, respectively. For all three patients, the chest drain was removed within 48 h after operation, and there were no complications related to thoracoscopic surgery. The advantages of this approach are less pain, early return to normal activity, and an acceptable cosmetic appearance. Based on our experience, thoracoscopic surgery is considered the treatment of choice for certain mediastinal tumors or cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Local recurrence of non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma 14 years following surgical treatment: a case report].

A 76-year-old woman with a complaint of left flank pain was referred to our department for extensive examination and treatment. In 1976, she had undergone transperitoneal left adrenalectomy and nephrectomy under a diagnosis of left adrenal tumor. The surgical specimen had histologically been diagnosed as adrenocortical carcinoma. There have been no physical or endocrinological abnormalities. Computed tomogram, magnetic resonance imaging and angiogram revealed a retroperitoneal multiple hypervascular tumor with a non-homogeneous inner density. On January 16, 1991, a transperitoneal resection of the tumor with splenectomy and partial pancreatectomy was performed under a diagnosis of local recurrence of non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma. The specimen was histopathologically diagnosed as low grade adrenocortical carcinoma based on 3 mitoses/50 hpf. From the reference study, this was thought to be the second case of late recurrence adrenocortical carcinoma.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗