Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Inouye

Publications and source records attributed to T Inouye.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

10 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome whose respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was deteriorating rapidly had 7 days of intravenous methylprednisolone added to their antibiotic regimen. 8 similar patients were treated with antibiotic therapy alone. 9 of the 10 methylprednisolone-treated patients survived their episode of PCP, compared with 2 of the 8 conventionally treated patients. Clinical improvement was evident within 2 days of the start of steroid therapy, and in none of the 10 patients did clinical deterioration or recurrence of PCP occur on cessation of steroid therapy. In 1 steroid-treated patient disseminated herpes zoster developed 2 days after discontinuation of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone seems to be a useful adjunctive therapeutic agent for patients with AIDS in whom Pneumocystis carinii is the sole respiratory pathogen.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Spatial distribution of generators of alpha activity.

Source determination of alpha activity was studied using the relative power contribution analysis (RPCA) method which allows determination of the relative contributions of different areas to the power of a certain area at different frequencies. In 20 normal subjects, EEGs were recorded from F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1 and O2, each referenced to a linked ear. An 8-dimensional autoregressive model was fitted to the EEGs of 10.24 sec. Based on the model, RPCA was performed. For each area, alpha activity was divided into two parts: one originating in its own area (endogenous) and another in the other areas (exogenous). Endogenous alpha activity increased as the area was more posterior. In the anterior regions (frontal and central), endogenous alpha power (power of endogenous alpha activity) was small, while exogenous alpha power was large. In the posterior regions (parietal and occipital), the amount of endogenous alpha power did not differ markedly from that of exogenous alpha power. The posterior regions, which generate more endogenous alpha activity, can be considered to play a dominant role in alpha generating mechanisms. In some subjects, alpha generators with a different frequency from that of the occipital areas were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Combined mutagenicity of cobalt(II) salt and heteroaromatic compounds in Salmonella typhimurium.

Mutagenic activities of 4-aminopyridine (4AP), 4-aminoquinoline (4AQ), 9-aminoacridine (9AA) and harman (HM) were examined by the Salmonella test system in the presence of cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2), which itself is non-mutagenic in this system. Mutagenic activity of the mixture of 9AA and CoCl2 was found to be much higher than that of 9AA alone in strains TA1537 and TA2637. A similar enhancing phenomenon was observed in 4AQ-CoCl2 and HM-CoCl2 mixtures but not in that of 4AP-CoCl2. Judging from visible and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, this increased mutagenicity may be attributable to the formation of moderate to weak complexes between these chemicals and the Co(II) cation. A survey of the mutagenicity of several Co(II) complexes supported this interpretation.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1986

Wegener's granulomatosis: report of a case with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and diabetes mellitus.

A patient with the classic form of Wegener's granulomatosis with severe dabetes mellitus and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is described. This 61-year-old male presented with epistaxis and nasal pain and obstruction. The nasal cavities were filled with crusts covering eroded mucosa. The diagnosis was made by biopsy of nasal and bronchial mucosa, and laboratory data. The epistaxis was stopped by 10 Gy irradiation over the nasal cavities. The patient had severe diabetes mellitus. His blood sugar was not controlled by diet and insulin injection. His general condition worsened rapidly as the growth of granuloma in the nose and lung. Accordingly, prednisolone therapy reinitiated to suppress the granuloma although it has a reverse effect on diabetes mellitus. Approximately one month after admission, he died of acute renal failure. Autopsy was carried out. Granulomatous lesions were noted in the nasal cavities, lungs and spleen. Many petechiae were found macroscopically over the cortex of the kidney. Hyalinization or sclerosis with crescent formation was found microscopically in estimated 85% of the glomeruli. Immunohistologic analysis of the renal tissue demonstrated an irregular linear pattern deposition of IgG, IgA and C3 and a granular pattern deposition of IgM and C1q.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1986

Excitability of evoked sharp wave: a case study.

In a 16-year-old boy, a sharp wave occurred spontaneously and was evoked by each individual light flash at rates of less than 4 f/sec. The excitability of the sharp wave was studied by use of double flashes at different intervals as well as IPS at different rates. With double flashes at intervals of 25 msec to 1 sec, the absolute refractory period was estimated to be less than 75 msec, and the subnormal excitability period in the range of 75 msec to less than 1 sec. With increased rates of flash trains from 3 to 24 f/sec, the sharp waves disappeared at the average rate of 10.4 f/sec. The disappearance of sharp waves at higher rates may be due to both the absolute refractoriness and the subnormal excitability. The sharp waves tended to vary in a waxing and waning manner. With long-lasting stimulation at a rate of 1 f/sec, sharp waves disappeared 30 sec after the stimulus onset. In our case, therefore, various factors influenced the excitability of the sharp wave response over a short to long period of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Severity of asthma in skin test-negative and skin test-positive patients.

The standardized records of 144 asthmatic patients have been analyzed to determine whether the severity of their condition was correlated with the presence or absence of positive intradermal skin test reactions to a panel of seven allergen extracts (dust, feathers, Alternaria, Hormodendrum, mixed tree pollen, mixed grass pollen, and ragweed pollen). The skin tests were totally negative in 71 of the subjects, whereas in 73 subjects there was a strongly positive response to two or more allergens. The skin test-negative patients were older than the skin test-positive ones and had a shorter duration as well as a later onset of asthma. Also, they had lower serum-IgE levels and a lower frequency of a family history of atopic disease. Moreover, the skin test-negative group lost more time from their normal activities, required more visits to their doctor as a result of asthma, and were more frequently treated with oral corticosteroids. They additionally had greater air trapping on pulmonary function tests. However, when the groups were adjusted for the discordance in their age and duration of asthma, they tended to converge in the level of the variables that described the severity of their asthma. Thus the severity of asthma was found to be relatively similar in skin test-negative and skin test-positive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lymphangiectatic fibrous polyp of the palatine tonsil. A report of three cases.

Three cases of lymphangiectatic fibrous polyp of the palatine tonsil are reported. The polyp arose from the upper pole of the tonsil in two cases and from the middle-to-lower part in one case. They were all asymptomatic until the polyps grew larger. The polyps were removed, with or without the tonsil. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Longitudinal study of grain elevator and control workers with demonstration of healthy worker effect.

Changes in the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of 441 grain elevator workers and a control group of 180 civic workers during a three-year period were compared. The grain handlers who left their jobs during the interval between the first and second surveys were found to have shown a significantly higher prevalence of cough and shortness of breath at the beginning of the study period than those who remained employed; this difference was not observed among the civic workers. The grain and civic workers who were examined on both occasions showed similar longitudinal changes in their symptoms and pulmonary function. Nevertheless, the results of this study are biased by the healthy worker effect among the grain handlers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Structure-dependent variation in the mutagenic, prophage-inducing and antibacterial activities of 5-nitro-2-furamide derivatives.

A comparative survey of the mutagenic, prophage-inducing and antibacterial activities of 3 structure-related series of 5-nitro-furan derivatives including 5-nitro-2-furohydrazide imide, 5-nitro-2-furamide oxime and 5-nitro-2-furohydrazide has been undertaken. Among the compounds assayed, the 5-nitro-2-furohydrazide imide series was found to be most active with regard to mutagenic and antibacterial activities against Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and prophage-inducing activity in Escherichia coli GY5027. A clear correlation was observed between the chemical structure and the mutagenic and prophage-inducing activities which were approximately correlated to the antibacterial activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors: measurement of T1. Work in progress.

Longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of 20 brain tumors were calculated in vivo using a whole-body magnetic resonance unit with a 0.15-T resistive magnet. Images employing standard inversion recovery pulse sequences with different intervals between the 180 degrees pulse and selective excitation pulses were compared on every point of the 256 X 256 pixel matrix. Tumor, white matter, and gray matter were sampled from each patient from the computed T1 image for T1 measurement. Astrocytomas, neurinomas, and metastatic tumors showed longer T1 values than did meningiomas. Lipomas had the shortest T1s. It is concluded that it is difficult to predict histological types of brain tumors by the measurement of T1 alone because of the wide variation in relaxation times, but measurement of T1 can be helpful in differentiating brain tumors when additional information about the patient's condition is known.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Interstitial vascular reaction of naturally occurring mammary adenocarcinoma in old C3H/HeJ female mice].

Angiogram by soft-X-ray and giant histo-sections were used to investigate the interstitial vascular architectures and correlation between vascular reaction and histologic types of naturally occurring mammary adenocarcinoma in old C3H/HeJ female mice. The tumors were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma B type (Dunn's classification) composed of three different histologic types: solid, comedo, and papillomatous. From the findings of the angiograms, the interstitial vascular architectures of the tumor were classified into three patterns: sinusoidal, hypovascular, and hypervascular. The vascular patterns was characteristic in each histologic type and showed a close correlation with the intensity of tumor proliferation. The fine intratumoral angiographic investigation also made clear that necrosis of tumor cells and tissues seen in the histologic types showing marked proliferation was caused by hypoxia. Application of these methods to investigation of the fine vascular architecture in tumors may useful in research for adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

The direction of spread of alpha activity over the scalp.

The direction of spread of alpha activity over the scalp was studied using the modified 'entropy analysis' method which distinguishes the direction of time differences between two correlated signals in the alpha band. The resting EEG was recorded from F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1 and O2, each referenced to linked ears in 10 subjects. The directed measure of correlation of alpha activity in two directions (e.g., from O1 and O2 and from O2 to O1) was obtained from all possible pairs of electrodes. The dominant longitudinal direction of alpha activity was found to be anterior to posterior within as well as across hemispheres. No dominant transverse direction was found. This suggests that the spread of alpha activity over the scalp is in the dominant anterior-posterior direction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The fine surface view of the human adult eustachian tube.

The distribution pattern of ciliated cells and goblet cells in the mucosa of the normal adult human eustachian tube has been determined by means of SEM. In general, the density of the ciliated cells decreased from the pharyngeal to the tympanic orifice, and from the tubal floor to its roof. Most ciliated cells possessed about 100-200 cilia, and the average length of the cilia was approximately 8 mu. It is interesting to note that their number and length had a tendency to diminish towards the tympanic orifice of the tube. The ciliated epithelial cells at the tubal floor and lower parts of the walls undoubtedly play an important part in providing an active mucociliary mechanism, as in other parts of the upper respiratory system.

Aged↗