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Biomedical subjects

T Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to T Inoue.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cadherin-6 in the developing mouse brain: expression along restricted connection systems and synaptic localization suggest a potential role in neuronal circuitry.

Multiple subtypes of the cadherin homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule are expressed differentially in developing and mature brains, each being expressed in restricted neuronal groups. Cadherin-6 (cad6) is one of such cadherins. Recent studies of cad6 mRNA expression in the postnatal mouse forebrain showed that it occurs in neurons constituting a specific subset of thalamocortical connections. Here we analyzed the localization of cad6 mRNA as well as its protein in the entire central nervous system and also in cranial ganglia of mice at late embryonic to postnatal stages. Our results showed that cad6 is expressed by a limited population of neurons or their precursors, which are synaptically connected to one another, throughout the perinatal stages, and that this expression delineates restricted neuronal circuits from the central to peripheral nervous systems, which include subpathways of the auditory, somatosensory, solitary, vestibular, and olivocerebellar systems. cad6 proteins were detected in these cad6 mRNA-positive neurons on the surface of their cell bodies or dendrites as well as in the cytoplasm. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that the cad6 protein distribution overlapped that of synaptotagmin in synapse forming areas, suggesting that homotypic cad6 interactions are involved in synaptic connections between neurons expressing this protein. These findings support the idea that cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions take part in specific interneuronal connections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Immediate results and dilatation effect of the vein-covered Palmaz-Schatz stent assessed by intravascular ultrasound.

To evaluate the clinical results of stenting using the vein-covered Palmaz-Schatz (PS) stent by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Twenty-eight patients with angina pectoris or confirmed ischemia were entered into this study. Thirteen were allocated to the vein-covered PS stent group and 15 to the normal Palmaz-Schatz stent group. The immediate clinical results in these groups and changes in lumen dimension as assessed by IVUS, were investigated. Acute success was 100% in both groups. There were no immediate complications. Subacute thrombosis occurred in one patient in the vein-covered PS group. In the vein-covered PS group, percent diameter stenosis of the involved coronary artery changed from 70.2% before stenting to 8.8% immediately after and 42.2% at 5 months follow-up. The respective values were 84.5%, 13.4%, and 36.5% in the normal Palmaz-Schatz group. Restenosis in the vein-covered group was 23.1% and in the Palmaz-Schatz group was 20%, showing no significant differences between the two groups. The luminal area in the vein-covered group as assessed by IVUS increased from 3.2 mm2 to 7.4 mm2 (pre to post) and from 3.2 mm2 to 8.2 mm2 in the normal Palmaz-Schatz group. The plaque area decreased from 13.6 mm2 to 10 mm2 (pre to post) in the vein-covered group and from 13.0 mm2 to 9.2 mm2 in the Palmaz-Schatz group. In this study, conducted in a limited number of cases, it is possible to use vein-covered stent like as usual Palmaz-Schatz stent. The vein-covered stent had less dilative effect compared with the Palmaz-Schatz stent. This was probably because of its increased profile but there was no difference in the occurrence of subacute thrombosis or in restenosis rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

An immunoelectron microscopic localization of noncollagenous bone proteins (osteocalcin and osteopontin) at the bone-titanium interface of rat tibiae.

This study was designed to investigate by postembedding immunogold method the localization and distribution of osteocalcin (Ocl) and osteopontin (Opn) at the bone-titanium interface in rat tibiae 14 and 28 days postimplantation to determine which bone proteins are present at this interface. Both proteins were widely distributed on the newly formed bone and accumulated predominantly in the region of bone close to the titanium, in electron-dense patches in the bone, and at the osteocytic lacunae. Collagenous osteoid showed little or no labeling for either Ocl or Opn. An amorphous zone (20-50 nm) was interposed between the titanium and interfacial slender cells, osteoid, or bone, and was labeled strongly for Ocl but only weakly for Opn. Furthermore, a second electron-dense layer, the lamina limitans, which faces the titanium, was labeled strongly for Opn but weakly for Ocl. Ocl as a marker protein of osteoblasts was sometimes found in the granules and vesicles of the interfacial cells and extracellularly in their intercellular spaces, close to the titanium. However, Opn was not detected in any granules. This is the first report to show that the amorphous zone contains large amounts of Ocl and small amounts of Opn, and that bone contacts titanium through this Ocl-rich amorphous zone. Furthermore, it is suggested that the interfacial cells seem to be osteoblasts, and that Ocl in the amorphous zone is produced and secreted by these cells and functions with Opn as a regulator of the mineralization front close to the titanium, and as a mediator of cell-matrix and matrix-matrix/mineral adhesion along the titanium.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Determination of the bioavailability of intranasal elcatonin in humans: development of a sandwich transfer enzyme immunoassay for elcatonin.

A sandwich transfer enzyme immunoassay for elcatonin (ECT) and its usability for the pharmacokinetic study are described. The anti-salmon calcitonin (SCT) antibody was used for the present assay. The assay procedure consisted of the reaction of ECT with 2,4-dinitrophenylbiotinyl anti-SCT IgG and anti-SCT Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate, trapping onto (anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG-coated polystyrene balls, eluting with epsilonN-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and transferring to streptavidin-coated polystyrene balls and fluorometric detection of beta-D-galactosidase activity. The practical detection limit of ECT was 0.15 pg (44 amol)/50 microl of sample and 3 pg/ml as the concentration. The application of this method has enabled us to directly estimate the bioavailability of ECT dosed intranasaly at a therapeutic level (100 IU, 17 microg) for its anti-osteoporotic effect as compared to an intramuscular dose (40 IU, 6.7 microg). The pharmacokinetic parameters of the intranasal ECT (n = 6) thus estimated were as follows: the area underthe serum concentration-time curve (AUC) = 2,570 +/- 1,650 (SD) pg x min/ml, and the maximal concentration (Cmax) = 60 +/- 25 (SD) pg/ml with the maximal time (Tmax) = 17.5 +/- 6.9 (SD) min, when the AUC for the intramuscular ECT (n = 9) = 9,460 +/- 5,870 (SD) pg x min/ml and the Cmax = 165 +/- 79 (SD) pg/ml with the Tmax = 16.1 +/- 4.2 (SD) min.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1998

Methuselah meets diabetes.

Mutations in the daf-2 and age-1 genes cause constitutive dauer larva formation and double adult life span in C. elegans. Their effect on life span has excited considerable interest and their effect on dauer formation has facilitated rapid progress in their genetic and molecular analysis. Two recent papers report that daf-2 encodes a member of the insulin-receptor family and that age-1 encodes a PI3 kinase subunit, a second-messenger producing enzyme known to act downstream of the mammalian insulin receptor. These findings provide the first mechanistic insight into the well-established link between metabolism and aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Outcomes for patients undergoing one or more total hip and knee arthroplasties.

Either total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or both were performed in 105 patients from 1981 to 1994. These patients were experiencing severe joint destruction in the lower extremities due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These patients were followed for more than 2 years after their last operation. Eighty-six patients were alive and 19 patients had died at the time of follow-up. The 86 living patients were divided into four groups based on the number of replaced joints. Their pre- and postoperative conditions, including such factors as pain, mobility and disability for the quality of life (QOL), were compared. All of the four groups showed some reduction in pain and disability, and an improvement in ambulation after the operations. The 19 deceased patients were classified into two groups, one including those with multiple (three or four) arthroplasties and the other, those with only a small number (one or two). The mean age at death was lower (55.7+/-6.2 years) in patients with multiple arthroplasties than that (69.1+/-7.5 years) in patients with only a small number of arthroplasties. Secondary diseases from RA, such as amyloidosis, spinal injury and pulmonary fibrosis, were found to be the primary cause of death in patients with multiple arthroplasties. The most important finding in this study is that although RA patients with multiple arthroplasties in the lower extremities improved their QOL, they were still afflicted with secondary diseases derived from RA and experienced complications that could shorten their lifespan.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Analgesia after upper abdominal surgery with extradural buprenorphine with lidocaine.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the continuous low thoracic extradural administration of the same dose of lidocaine at low concentration with a high infusion rate or at high concentration with a low infusion rate in combination with a fixed dose of buprenorphine (0.4 mg.day-1) modifies postoperative pain relief. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to one of two groups to receive lidocaine 2%--buprenorphine at a rate of 6.3 ml.hr-1 (2% group, n = 13) or lidocaine 6%-buprenorphine at a rate of 2.1 ml.hr-1 (6% group, n = 15). During suture of the peritoneum, mepivacaine 2% (8 ml) with 0.1 mg (0.5 ml) buprenorphine was infused extradurally. After extubation, the continuous extradural infusion was initiated. Patients were assessed for the level of analgesia with the 10 cm VAS score at rest and with the Prince Henry Pain Scale (PHPS) at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hr postoperatively. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at rest did not differ between the two groups except at 18 hr after surgery. The Prince Henry Pain Scale (PHPS) scores were not different between the two groups postoperatively. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in analgesia produced by the continuous extradural infusion of lidocaine 2%-buprenorphine at a rate of 6.3 ml.hr-1 and that of lidocaine 6%-buprenorphine at a rate of 2.1 ml.hr-1 following upper abdominal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical hysterectomy of the cervical cancer. Prognostic factors and complications.

AIM: To investigate prognostic factors and complications after radical hysterectomy followed by postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight patients with T1b-2b carcinoma of the uterine cervix following radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiation therapy were reviewed. Pathologic and treatment variables were assessed by multivariate analysis for local recurrence, distant metastases and cause specific survival. RESULTS: The number of positive nodes (PN) in the pelvis was the strongest predictor of pelvic recurrence and distant metastases. These 2 failure patterns independently affect the cause specific survival. The 5-year cumulative local and distant failure were PN(0): 2% and 12%, PN(1-2): 23% and 25%, PN(2 <): 32% and 57%, respectively (p = 0.0029 and p = 0.0051). The 5-year cause specific survival rates were PN(0): 90%, PN(1-2): 59% and PN(2 <): 42% (p = 0.0001). The most common complication was lymphedema of the foot experienced by one-half of the patients (5-year: 42%, 10-year: 49%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that patients with pathologic T1b-T2b cervix cancer with pelvic lymph node metastases are at high risk of recurrence or metastases after radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and postoperative irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Spectral analysis applied to dynamic single photon emission computed tomography studies with N-isopropyl-p-(123I)iodoamphetamine.

This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of spectral analysis (SA) applied to dynamic single photon emission computed tomography studies with N-isopropyl-p-(123I)iodoamphetamine (IMP). The unidirectional clearance of IMP from the blood to the brain tissue (K1) obtained by SA (y (ml/g/min)) agreed well with that obtained from a two-compartment model using the nonlinear least-squares (NLSQ) method (x (ml/g/min)) (y = 0.994x + 0.003, r = 0.999, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.005 ml/g/min). The rate constant for back diffusion of IMP from the brain tissue to the blood (k2) obtained by SA (y (min(-1))) also agreed well with that obtained by the NLSQ method (x (min(-1))) (y = 0.985x + 0.000, r = 0.948, SEE = 0.001 min(-1)). The brain vascular volume (V0) obtained by SA (y (ml/g)) correlated well with that obtained by the NLSQ method (x (ml/g)) (y = 1.138x + 0.000, r = 0.867, SEE = 0.012 ml/g). These results indicate that SA is applicable and useful for quantification of the kinetic parameters of IMP in the human brain, and can be an alternative approach to compartment analysis.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1998

Does myocardial thallium-201 SPECT combined with electron beam computed tomography improve the detectability of coronary artery disease?--comparative study of diagnostic accuracy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial 201Tl SPECT combined with EBT for detecting CAD. METHODS: The study was based on 34 patients with suspected CAD, who had EBT and myocardial 201Tl SPECT. The CAD was diagnosed by the findings of coronary arteriography. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EBT, myocardial 201Tl SPECT and the combined diagnosis on a per vessel basis and a per-patient basis were studied. RESULTS: The sensitivity for detecting CAD of myocardial 201Tl SPECT, EBT and the combined diagnosis was 85%, 77%, and 62%, respectively. No significant difference in the accuracy of myocardial 201Tl SPECT, EBT and the combined diagnosis was observed on a patient basis and per vessel basis. In the over 70 yr age subgroup, the sensitivity and accuracy of EBT for detecting LAD lesion were significantly superior to those of myocardial 201Tl SPECT. Regardless of age-based subgroups and gender, the combined diagnosis did not contribute to an improvement in diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: Although the sensitivity of EBT for detecting LAD lesion in patients over 70 yr of age was significantly higher than that of myocardial 201Tl SPECT, in the detectability of CAD, combined use of myocardial 201Tl SPECT and EBT offers no improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A successful surgical repair of mitral stenosis and regurgitation with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula].

The patient was a 74-year-old man who was complained cyanosis and shortness of breath on exertion. He had undergone open mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis 19 years previously. He was diagnosed with mitral stenosis and regurgitation combined with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF). Moderate pulmonary hypertension was also observed. It appeared that the PAVF was located where one-step operation with open heart surgery was anatomically feasible, and that his condition would be improved by resection of the fistula and decreasing overload of left atrium by mitral valve replacement. One-step operation including mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty with enuculation of the PAVF was therefore performed. The patient has done well postoperatively, and postoperative cardiac catheterization revealed no increase in pulmonary arterial pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Ultrastructural changes in motor endplates of the lumbrical muscles of rats induced by a microsomal Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor, 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone.

Female Wistar rats were treated orally for 5 days with 80 mg/kg body weight of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (DTBHQ), a microsomal Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor. Motor endplates of the lumbrical muscles were examined by light and electron microscopy. There was a decrease in body weight in the treated rats from the first day after administration, and toxic signs appeared after the third day, such as adoption of a prone position, salivation, lacrymation, and an abnormal gait and/or muscle weakness. No remarkable macroscopic or light microscopic changes were noted in the lumbrical muscles as well as other peripheral nerves of hind legs of the treated rats killed 1 day after the last DTBHQ treatment. Ultrastructurally, neurotoxicity characterized by loss of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria in the motor endplates, and by destruction of the motor terminals was detected in the lumbrical muscles of the treated rats. These results strongly indicate that DTBHQ targets the motor endplates in the rat lumbrical muscles and suggest that the resultant damage is responsible for the appearance of neurological signs, such as an abnormal gait and loss of muscle control.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Cloning and sequence of guinea pig interleukin 2 (IL-2).

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a T-cell proliferation factor released from TH0- and TH1-type helper T-cells and is an essential cytokine for certain immune responses. We reported here cloning and sequence of IL-2 cDNA in guinea pigs, which have been used for a long time in various immunological experiments and in vivo screening tests for skin sensitization potential of chemicals. Consequently, a cDNA clone was obtained encoding guinea pig IL-2 of 520 bp in length, which contained a complete open reading frame. Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IL-2 indicates that guinea pig IL-2 is composed of 20 amino acids (aa) of a signal peptide and 132 aa of a mature peptide with a predicted molecular weight of 15133. Guinea pig IL-2 has an amino acid homology of 62% with human IL-2, 52% with murine IL-2, and 55% with rat IL-2. In addition, guinea pig IL-2 has a possible N-linked glycosylation site as seen in bovine and porcine IL-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Urinary excretion of type I collagen degradation products in healthy women and osteoporotic patients with vertebral and hip fractures.

We have evaluated both the effect of normal aging and menopause on urinary CrossLapstrade mark (u-CTx) excretion and the bone resorption status by u-CTx in patients with vertebral fracture and hip fracture. In 246 healthy women, 76 patients with vertebral fracture, and 63 patients with hip fracture, u-CTx excretion was measured by ELISA. The age-related changes of u-CTx in healthy females reflected the marked increase of bone resorption associated with modeling at childhood. The values in the subgroups of postmenopausal women 1-3 years since menopause and </=10 years since menopause were significantly higher than those in the subgroups of premenopausal adult women. The values in the vertebral fracture group were significantly higher than those in the premenopause group, but not those in the postmenopause groups. The values in the hip fracture group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. Of the 70 postmenopausal subjects aged 45-64 years, 43% had u-CTx values more than 2 SD above premenopausal mean. The corresponding values in the patients with vertebral fracture and those with hip fracture were 58% and 64%, respectively. This marker reflects well the increase of bone resorption associated with bone modeling at childhood and with high bone turnover after menopause. The excretions in the patients with hip fracture were much higher than those in the age-matched subjects and also higher than those in the patients with vertebral fracture. These findings indicate that the abnormality of bone resorption in the patients with hip fracture is more severe than in the patients with vertebral fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The less potent estrogenic effect of tamoxifen on bone in ovariectomized rats with established osteopenia.

The longitudinal effects of tamoxifen (TAM) treatment on bone metabolism, spinal bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were compared with those of estrogen in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with established osteopenia. The 6-month-old rats were divided into Sham (n = 8) and OVX (n = 24) groups. First, the OVX rats were allowed to lose bone for 6 weeks. Six weeks after ovariectomy they were divided into three groups: (1) OVX rats treated with solvent vehicle (OVX+Vehicle), (2) OVX rats injected with TAM subcutaneously six times a week at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (OVX+TAM), (3) OVX rats injected with 17-beta estradiol subcutaneously six times a week at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg body weight (OVX+ET). The longitudinal effects of TAM and estrogen on bone were studied by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and biochemical markers including urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr). Ovariectomy resulted in a significant increase in urinary Pyr, Dpyr, and a significant decrease in spine BMD and BMC. TAM treatment completely inhibited the further bone loss in OVX rats with established osteopenia, however, estrogen increased spine BMD and BMC significantly compared with OVX+Vehicle, OVX+TAM, and baseline of treatment. Both TAM and estrogen treatment decreased urinary Pyr and Dpyr significantly in OVX rats. Our findings indicate that TAM acts as an estrogen agonist with respect to effects on spine BMD, BMC, and bone resorption in OVX rats with established osteopenia, but fails to restore spine BMD and BMC to the extent observed with estrogen in this study.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Stroke due to a fusiform aneurysm of the cervical vertebral artery: case report.

Aneurysms of the cervical vertebral artery (VA) are uncommon; they are often caused by trauma or spontaneous dissection. A fusiform aneurysm without evidence of atherosclerosis or dissection has not been reported previously. A 46-year-old man presented with a pontine infarct. Imaging revealed a fusiform aneurysm of the left VA at the C5-6 level, with occlusion of the basilar artery. Associated minor anomalies included fusion of the vertebral bodies of C5 and C6, cervical rib and platybasia. The left VA arose directly from the aortic arch and entered the transverse foramen at the C4 level. Hyperextension and left lateral flexion of the neck caused kinking of the VA proximal to the aneurysm. Turbulent flow in the aneurysm lumen was noted on angiography.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1998

Changes of biochemical markers during fracture healing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of biochemical markers during fracture healing in patients with osteoporosis. The study included 26 patients; 9 underwent hip hemiarthroplasty (mean age +/- SD: 71.0 +/- 10.2 years, group EN) for femoral neck fractures. 7 underwent osteosynthesis (75.3 +/- 8.2 years, group OS) for trochanteric fractures, and 10 subjects had spinal compression fractures (68.2 +/- 12.0 years, group CO). No operative procedures were performed in group CO. Urinary pyridinoline (Pyr), deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Crosslaps by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) (CTx-ELISA and CTx-RIA) and serum N-terminal mid-fragment osteocalcin (OCN-Mid) by ELISA were analyzed at the time of admission and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 after operation or, in the case of group CO, after admission. As a whole, bone resorption markers started to increase from week 1, with various peak values between weeks 4 and 8 depending upon the particular marker, but returned to the initial vales at week 24. OCN-Mid started to increase from week 8 and remained at elevated levels at week 24. In groups EN and OS, bone resorption markers changed in the same manner as they did as a whole group. OCN-Mid did not change in group EN, although it increased significantly from week 8 in group OS. No biochemical markers changed significantly in group CO. In conclusion, bone resorption was accelerated at an early stage due to acute osteonecrosis or bed rest, followed by bone formation due to callus or mechanical stress later on. As far as bone resorption markers are concerned, 24 weeks are enough to eliminate the effect of fracture.

Aged↗