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Biomedical subjects

T Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to T Inoue.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Radiation therapy for early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0). The adverse effect of treatment interruption.

PURPOSE: Clarification of the adverse effects of treatment interruption on the local control of early glottic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From May 1982 through February 1992, 273 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) were treated at this department. Of 253 patients administered 60 Gy in 30 fractions 77 patients had no treatment interruption and treatment was completed within 6 weeks (group I), overall treatment time was prolonged for 176 patients: 141 patients 43 to 49 days (group II) and 35 patients 50 to 62 days (group III). Treatment was interrupted due to public holidays (156 cases), patients convenience (13 cases) and severe mucosal reactions (seven cases). The major reason was public holidays, 91% in group II and 80% in group III. RESULTS: The 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were for group I 95%, group II 89% and group II 80%. Survivals for groups I and II, groups II and III and groups I and III were essentially the same. At 40 Gy tumor clearance was more than 50% in the 3-groups. For complete clearance cases at 40 Gy, recurrence-free survival was essentially the same for the 3 groups although for incomplete clearance cases, statistically significant difference for groups I and III (log-rank test p = 0.0004; Wilcoxon test p = 0.0004) and marginally significant difference for groups II and III (p = 0.0157, p = 0.0045) but no difference for groups I and II (p = 0.0669, p = 0.0853) were noted by adjusting the p-value. CONCLUSION: Prolongation of overall treatment time and tumor clearance at 40 Gy appeared to be a factor of the local control.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

HDR and MDR intracavitary treatment for carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A prospective randomized study.

AIM: Treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix by remote afterloading brachytherapy has been accompanied with new isotopes having dose rates different from the classical low-dose rate (LDR) radium source. The dose rate conversion factor from LDR to high-dose rate (HDR) found to be around 0.54 in most studies. As regards medium-dose rate (MDR) brachytherapy, the published data are very few and the experience is still short. In this study the experience of Osaka University Hospital with micro-HDR-Selectron and Selectron-MDR, as a preliminary report of the clinical trial, is presented. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From August 1991 through April 1993, a total of 45 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were randomly allocated to either microSelectron-HDR or Selectron-MDR at the Osaka University Hospital. As regards HDR, dose to point A was adjusted to 32 Gy (for stages I and II). 30 Gy/4 fractions, and 22.5 Gy/3 fractions, for stages III, and IV, respectively. The corresponding values in case of MDR were 35.6, 34 Gy/4 fractions, and 25.5 Gy/3 fractions. External irradiation, according to the stage, was the same in the 2 groups. Nucletron Planning System (NPS) was used for pre-treatment dose calculation at point A, rectal and bladder wall. The dose rate at point A ranged from 24 to 75.6 cGy/min for the HDR group, while for the MDR group ranged among 174.8 to 229.6 cGy/h. RESULTS: The 3-year survival and loco-regional control rates for both modalities were nearly equivalent (62% and 67% for HDR and 68% and 74% for MDR). The cumulative rectal and bladder complication rates were the same in both groups (29% at 3 years), with only 1 patient (MDR-group) developed grade 3 rectal and bladder complication. In this study, point A dose rate correction factor from LDR to HDR was 0.53 and 0.6 from LDR to MDR. CONCLUSIONS: From the previous reports from Osaka University Medical School, as well as others, HDR was proposed as an alternative to LDR brachytherapy for treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In this report, Selectron-MDR was nearly equivalent to the microSelectron-HDR as regards survival and loco-regional control rates as well as radiation-induced complication. This is a preliminary report, and the study still needs larger number of patients, and longer follow-up period.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of bone turnover in postmenopause, vertebral fracture, and hip fracture using biochemical markers for bone formation and resorption.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone turnover in postmenopausal status and established osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and hip fracture by assessing bone biochemical markers. Subjects were 50 healthy premenopausal subjects, 44 healthy postmenopausal subjects, 30 osteoporotic patients with vertebral fracture, and 31 osteoporotic patients with hip fracture. Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, PICP, ICTP, NTx, free deoxypyridinoline, total pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were measured. In postmenopause, both Z-scores of bone formation markers and resorption markers were around 1-2. In osteoporosis, although Z-scores of bone formation markers were 0.4-2.8, resorption markers were 2.3-9.5. Moreover, Z-scores of resorption markers were higher in hip fracture than in vertebral fracture. These results indicate that bone formation and resorption increased and balanced in postmenopausal status. However, bone resorption increased more than bone formation and did not balance at all in osteoporosis. This imbalance is greater in hip fractures than in vertebral fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors enhance the production of tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 (proMMP-1) in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: We investigated the influence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors against the production of tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) and pro-matrix metalloproteinase 1 (proMMP-1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synoviocytes. MATERIAL: Synovial fibroblasts from RA patients were used. TREATMENT: The cells were treated with recombinant human interleukin 1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) (100 ng/ml) and/or indomethacin (0.1, 1, 10 microM) and diclofenac (0.1, 1, 10 microM) and/or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (1, 10 microM) for 72 h. METHODS: The amounts of TIMP-1, proMMP-1 and PGE2 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical significance was tested with Student's t-test and Dunnett test. RESULTS: RhIL-1 beta augments the production of TIMP-1 and proMMP-1 in synovial fibroblasts from RA patients, and this IL-1-induced production of TIMP-1 and proMMP-1 was further enhanced by treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and diclofenac. Exogenous PGE2 significantly suppresses indomethacin- and diclofenacenhanced TIMP-1 and proMMP-1 production. CONCLUSION: PGE2 down-regulates the production of TIMP-1 and proMMP-1 in RA synoviocytes, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors regulate the production of TIMP-1 and proMMP-1 through the inhibition of PGE2 production in inflammation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasound bone densitometry of os calcis in elderly Japanese women with hip fracture.

We evaluated 138 elderly patients (mean age 79 years) within 2 weeks after hip fracture (67 cervical and 71 trochanteric) using an Achilles ultrasound bone densitometer (Lunar Corporation, Madison, WI). The ultrasound variables of speed of sound (SOS in m/second), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA in dB/MHz), and stiffness (%) index were measured on the os calcis. Ultrasound densitometry also was done on 563 normal postmenopausal women to assess normal age changes. An elderly subgroup (n = 138) served as age-matched controls for the hip fracture group. Further subgroups of 33 patients and 33 controls were compared for lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. There were no statistically significant differences between the hip fracture group and age-matched controls in height and weight, but each ultrasound variable was significantly lower for the hip fracture group (P < 0.0001). For the hip fracture group, SOS was 1470 +/- 19 m/second, BUA was 84.3 +/- 8.4 dB/MHz, and the stiffness index was 47.8 +/- 9.2%, whereas for the age-matched controls, SOS was 1486 +/- 27 m/second, BUA was 94.0 +/- 11.4 dB/MHz, and the stiffness index was 59.1 +/- 12.5%. There were no significant differences between cervical and trochanteric hip fracture groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that a change of the ultrasound values by 1 standard deviation (SD) changed the odds ratio for SOS, BUA, and stiffness index by 2.51, 3.24, and 3.60, respectively. Ultrasound variables, particularly stiffness, were good indicators of hip fracture risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Bone density and body composition in Japanese women.

Total body bone mineral content (BMCTB in g) and density (BMDTB in g/cm2) and body composition were measured in 1006 healthy Japanese women aged 20-79 years using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Peak BMDTB was 1.11 +/- 0.05 g/cm2 in women 20-49 years, and mean BMDTB was 1. 019 g/cm2 in the 6th decade, 0.956 g/cm2 in the 7th decade, and 0. 900 g/cm2 in the 8th decade. BMDTB declined by 0.007 g/cm2/year in women after age 50. This age-related decline in BMD showed a similar pattern to that seen for the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but the actual rate of loss was lower for BMDTB than for these other measurement sites. There was no significant difference between a eumenorrheic premenopausal group and a group with irregular menses. BMCTB and BMDTB were associated with body build, lean tissue mass, and fat mass (r = 0.29 approximately 0.65 and 0.26 approximately 0.41, respectively). Bone mass and density decreased significantly in older women of all body builds. Premenopausal Japanese women had a 5% lower BMDTB than U.S. and European whites, but the difference was several times greater in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Factors related to the parameters of ultrasound measurements in the early menopausal period.

Urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum osteocalcin (OC), and ultrasound (US) measurements were investigated in a premenopausal group and a postmenopausal group. In previous studies we reported the relation between each biochemical marker and each US parameter by simple regression analysis. However, in this study, multiple regression analysis of the US parameter, not only by biochemical markers but also by age and body mass index (BMI), were done to determine what fraction of the variation in the respective US values can be accounted for by these factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that age and serum OC were significant determinants for stiffness index, serum OC and BMI were significant determinants for speed of sound, age was a significant determinant for broadband ultrasound attenuation, although each US parameter can be explained by factors of approximately only 26-33%.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of an ultrashort-acting beta-adrenoceptor blocker (ONO-1101) in attenuating cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of ONO-1101, a new ultrashort-acting (half-life 3-4 min), cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocker in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation in a dose-finding open study. METHODS: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed after induction of anaesthesia with thiamylal, followed by administration of succinylcholine, and saline or ONO-1101 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 mg.kg-1, in 53 patients. Heart rate and blood pressure were continuously recorded beginning prior to administration until 5 min after administration of the drug, and the rate-pressure product was calculated. RESULTS: ONO-1101 was found to significantly blunt the increase in heart rate throughout the study. Administration of ONO-1101 0.25 or 0.5 mg.kg-1 decreased the incidence of tachycardia. However, these doses were not sufficient to suppress the increase in systolic blood pressure, although the maximal value in the ONO-1101 0.5 mg.kg-1 group was reduced. Rate-pressure product increased significantly after intubation in all groups, but the increase was suppressed in the ONO-1101 0.25 and 0.5 mg.kg-1 groups as compared with the saline group. Bradycardia was not observed in any patient, although hypotension might be caused by administration of ONO-1101 0.5 mg.kg-1. CONCLUSION: ONO-1101, especially at a dose of 0.25 mg.kg-1, due to its beta-adrenoceptor blockade and ultrashort action, was shown to be effective and well tolerated by patients in this study, when used to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Ventilation/perfusion ratios and simultaneous dual-radionuclide single-photon emission tomography with krypton-81m and technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin.

To date, there has been neither a good method to clarify the three-dimensional distribution of pulmonary ventilation/perfusion (V. A/Q.) ratios, nor a convenient way to assess V.A/Q. inequality. The purpose of this study was to develop a functional image of pulmonary V.A/Q. ratios based on data acquired with simultaneous dual-radionuclide single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and to assess V.A/Q. unevenness through the V.A/Q. histogram in patients with various pulmonary diseases. Dual-radionuclide SPET was performed with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) and krypton-81m, with the patient in the supine position. After correction for linear cross-talk, the total acquisition counts of both radionuclides were equalized. The V.A/Q. ratio, which was calculated in each pixel by dividing the 81mKr count by the 99mTc-MAA count, was expressed as a V.A/Q. image. A histogram of the pixel number plotted against the V.A/Q. ratios was then produced and its centre of weight (CW) and standard deviation (SD) determined. Ten healthy volunteers and 46 patients [seven with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), nine with pulmonary emphysema (PE), 18 with bronchogenic carcinoma and 12 with miscellaneous diseases] participated in this study. In normal volunteers, V.A/Q. ratios were generally even, but were slightly lower in dorsal regions. Patients with PVD had lobar and/or segmental areas with a high V.A/Q. ratio. Low V.A/Q. areas extended widely in patients with PE. Bronchogenic carcinoma exceeding 3 cm in diameter was detected as a very low V. A/Q. area. The SD of V.A/Q. ratios had a significant positive correlation both with A-aDO2 (r=0.64, P<0.001) and with cigarette smoking history (r=0.72, P<0.001). It is concluded that the V.A/Q. ratio image produced with simultaneous dual-radionuclide SPET using 99mTc-MAA and 81mKr is a unique and simple method for demonstrating the three-dimensional distribution of V.A/Q. ratios. The unevenness of V.A/Q. distribution can be assessed through the SD of the V.A/Q. histogram.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lack of correlation between gallbladder opacification in delayed CT and contrast-associated nephropathy.

The objective of our study was to determine the correlation between gallbladder opacification by delayed CT and contrast-associated nephropathy (CAN). Delayed CT after angiography was performed in 269 patients. Gallbladder opacification was defined when the CT value in gallbladder was more than 30 HU. Positive renal dysfunction was recognized as CAN which defined as an increase in serum creatinine level > 0.3 mg/dl and > 20 % on days 1, 3, or 7. Gallbladder opacification appeared in 154 of 269 (57 %) patients and CAN in 35 (13 %) patients. Of 117 patients without gallbladder opacification, 17 CAN (14 %) were recognized, and of 152 patients with gallbladder opacification, 18 CAN (12 %) were recognized. No significant correlation existed between delayed gallbladder opacification and CAN.

Angiography↗
PubMed1997

Bcl-2 and Fas expression in eutopic and ectopic human endometrium during the menstrual cycle in relation to endometrial cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate Bcl-2 and Fas expression in human eutopic and ectopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle in relation to endometrial cell apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN: Eutopic and ectopic endometrial samples were obtained from 29 patients with endometriosis, and eutopic endometrial tissue samples were obtained from 9 patients with uterine myoma. Bcl-2 and Fas expression were examined by immunohistochemical staining with specific monoclonal antibodies; Bcl-2 expression in eutopic endometrium was also examined by Western blotting and apoptotic cells were detected by the labeling of deoxyribonucleic acid fragments. RESULTS: In eutopic endometrium Bcl-2 was strongly expressed during the proliferative phase. Endometrial glandular cells showed evidence of cyclic changes in Bcl-2 expression, but cyclic changes were not apparent in peritoneal and ovarian endometriotic tissue. Fas expression was observed on glandular cells but not on stromal cells, and no cyclic changes in expression occurred in either ectopic or eutopic endometrium. Apoptotic cells were observed primarily in the glandular cells of the basal layer in eutopic endometrium during the late secretory and menstrual phases. CONCLUSION: The current study indicated that there was no apparent correlation between Bcl-2 or Fas expression with endometrial cell apoptosis. The absence of cyclic changes in Bcl-2 expression in ectopic endometrium implied a difference in the mechanisms of proliferation or differentiation between eutopic and ectopic endometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Atherogenic lipoprotein changes in the absence of hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis.

We compared plasma lipid and lipoprotein parameters between 210 chronic renal failure patients treated by hemodialysis and 223 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects to examine whether atherogenic lipoprotein changes were present in hemodialysis patients in the absence of hyperlipidemia. The hemodialysis group showed higher levels of plasma triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol and a lower level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of the hemodialysis group was not elevated but their LDL was significantly more triglyceride-enriched than that of controls. Subjects were then divided into five categories according to their plasma triglyceride levels at an interval of 50 mg/dl, and comparison was made between the two groups in the same range of plasma triglycerides. Hemodialysis patients again showed higher levels of VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol than the control group even in the plasma triglycerides-matched comparisons. Similarly, higher VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol levels in hemodialysis patients were significant in plasma total cholesterol-matched subgroup comparisons. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the relationship between plasma lipid concentrations and individual lipoprotein levels were substantially altered in uremic state. The 95th percentile level of IDL-cholesterol in the nonuremic controls was 15 mg/dl, and 45% of hemodialysis patients exceeded this level. Decreased HDL-cholesterol levels < or = 35 mg/dl were seen in 6% of the control and 38% of the hemodialysis group. Elevated IDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol were persistently found in hemodialysis patients with normal lipid levels. It is concluded that hemodialysis patients exhibited more atherogenic lipoprotein profile than nonuremic subjects with comparable levels of plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol. Especially, increased IDL- and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels in hemodialysis patients persisted even at very low levels of plasma lipids. Since elevated IDL and decreased HDL-cholesterol are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis, these findings are of clinical importance in the diagnosis of lipoprotein disorder in chronic renal failure.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1997

Pregnane glycosides from Sansevieria trifasciata.

Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Sansevieria trifasciata, one of the most common Agavaceae plants, has resulted in the isolation of four new pregnane glycosides. Their structures have been determined by spectroscopic analysis and acid- and alkaline-catalysed hydrolysis to be 1 beta,3 beta-dihydroxypregna-5,16-dien-20-one glycosides. This is believed to be the first report of the isolation of the pregnane glycosides from a plant of the family Agavaceae.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1997

Effects of the co-administration of 5-HT1A receptor antagonists with an SSRI in conditioned fear stress-induced freezing behavior.

The effects of the co-administration of the serotonin (5-HT) 1A receptor antagonists NAN-190 or (+)-WAY100135 with a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram on conditioned fear stress (CFS)-induced freezing behavior, which is the animal model of anxiety, were examined. The inhibitory effects of co-administration of NAN-190 (0.1-10 mg/kg) with citalopram on CFS-induced freezing were potent; in particular, at 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg, NAN-190 significantly enhanced the effect of citalopram alone. At 0.1 mg/kg, (+)-WAY100135 also markedly enhanced the inhibitory effect of citalopram on freezing behavior. These findings suggest that 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, particularly at low doses, enhances the antifreezing effect of citalopram by blocking the autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback mechanisms of the 5-HT neuron. These experimental results concur with clinical findings that 5-HT1A receptor antagonist pindolol potentiates the effect of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Generation of reactive oxygen species is required for bucillamine, a novel anti-rheumatic drug, to induce apoptosis in concert with copper.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to be a proliferative disorder of synovial tissue, which is composed of macrophage-like, fibroblast-like and dendritic cells. Bucillamine (BUC) is a novel disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, which is a structural analogue of cysteine. Some of the pharmacological actions of BUC have been shown to depend on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of copper. In this study, we examined whether BUC in concert with copper can induce apoptosis via generation of ROS. THP.1, a human monocytic cell line, was used as surrogate for synovial cells. We observed that BUC plus copper can induce THP.1 to undergo apoptosis, as evidenced by the presence of DNA degradation, which is preceded by ROS generation and increase in membrane permeability. Moreover, catalase rescued THP.1 from BUC-mediated cell death, indicating that generation of ROS is essential for the induction of apoptosis Red blood cells (RBC), probably acting as a scavenger of ROS, also rescued THP.1 from cell death mediated by BUC plus copper. Collectively, we suggest that ROS derived from BUC in the presence of copper may suppress the outgrowth of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells in vivo through the induction of apoptosis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in patients with myocardial infarction.

In recent years, the importance of renovascular disease as a cause of end-stage renal disease has been emphasized. Among 1,788 cases autopsied during the 12-year period between 1981 and 1992 at the National Cardiovascular Center Hospital, we examined cases over 40 years of age with autopsy evidence of myocardial infarction to determine the prevalence and predictors of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in the atherosclerotic population. Two hundred ninety-seven patients remained for analysis. In this population, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis was found in 35 patients (12%), and 10 of them had bilateral renal artery stenosis. In patients with hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency, renal artery stenosis was found in 19%, 39%, and 39%, respectively. As the number of coronary vessels with significant stenosis increased, the prevalence of renal artery stenosis increased. The severity of stenotic lesions of coronary artery was also correlated with the presence of renal artery stenosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified age, hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency as independent predictors of renal artery stenosis. Patients with hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency had 3.4-, 13.5-, and 4.8-fold increased risk of renal artery stenosis in the population with myocardial infarction. The number of coronary arteries with severe stenosis was also an independent predictor of renal artery stenosis, and had a relative risk of 2.1. These results indicated that atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is common in patients with myocardial infarction, particularly when hypertension, proteinuria, or renal insufficiency is present. The presence of severe multivessel coronary artery disease suggests a higher incidence of renal artery stenosis.

Adult↗